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^Uxtr Oduceió Η a Lá Egiptología ^uxtr o duceió η a lá egiptología Estado, métodos, tareas E rik H o rn u n g T r a d u c c ió n d e F r a n c e s c B a l l e s t e r o s Introducción a la egiptología Estado, métodos, tareas Erik Hornung Traducción de Francesc Ballesteros Balbastre TROTTA EDICIONS DE LA UNIVERSITÄT DE BARCELONA La edición de esta obra se ha realizado con la ayuda de Inter Nationes, Bonn PLIEGOS DE ORIENTE SERIE PRÓXIMO ORIENTE DIRECTOR: GREGORIO DEL OLMO L e TE Título original: Einführung in die Ägyptologie © Edicions de la Universität de Barcelona, 2000 © Editorial Trotta, S.A., 2000 Sagasta, 33. 28004 Madrid teléfono: 91 5939040 fax: 91 5939111 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.trotta.es ©Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 1 9 9 3 © Francesc Ballesteros Balbastre, 2000 diseño de colección J o a q u í n G a l l e g o ISBN TROTTA: 84-8164-383-I ISBN EUB: 84-8338-174-5 depósito legal: VA-333/OO im p resión Simancas Ediciones, S.A. CONTENIDO Prólogo a la edición española .................................................................................. 11 Prólogo a la primera edición ..................................................................................... 17 Nota a la cuarta edición revisada ........................................................................... 19 I. LA CIENCIA DE LA EGIPTOLOGÍA 1. Origen ................................................................................................................. 21 2. Desarrollo en los siglos XIXy x x ................................................................... 22 3. Delimitación de la materia en el tiempo y en el espacio..................... .. 26 4. Valor y significado ........................................................................................... 27 5. Herramientas auxiliares ................................................................................ 28 6. Técnica de trabajo............................................................................................. 31 Π. LA ESCRITURA Y LA LENGUA 7. La invención de la escritura............................................................................ 33 8. Los jeroglíficos .................................................................................................. 34 9. La escritura en libro (el hierático)................................................................ 37 10. Demótico ............................................................................................................ 38 11. Formas especiales: escritura agrupada y criptografía............................. 39 12. Materiales de escritura .................................................................................... 40 13. La posición lingüística del egipcio................................................................ 42 14. Estructura y propiedades de la lengua........................................................ 43 15. La lengua escrita y sus estadios históricos................................................. 44 16. Lexicografía ........................................................................................................ 47 17. Vocalización....................................................................................................... 49 18. M étrica.................................................................................................................. 49 III. LA LITERATURA Y LA MÚSICA 19. Generalidades. Antologías................................................................................ 51 20. Géneros egipcios especiales: las enseñanzas............................................... 53 7 INTRODUCCIÓN A LA EGIPTOLOGÍA. ESTADO, MÉTODOS, TAREAS 21. Los libros de ultratumba................................................................................. 54 22. Cuentos, narraciones míticas, dram a........................................................... 55 23. Biografía y literatura política.......................................................................... 56 24. Las formas líricas (cantos de amor, him nos)............................................ 58 25. Las cartas ............................................................................................................ 59 26. Los intercambios con el exterio r.................................................................. 60 27. La estilística ....................................................................................................... 61 28. La m ú sica............................................................................................................. 62 29. La danza............................................................................................................... 63 IV. EL MUNDO RELIGIOSO 30. Generalidades..................................................................................................... 64 31. La imagen de la divinidad, la creencia en los dioses ............................. 66 32. Ideas sobre la muerte y el Más A llá............................................................. 69 33. Antropología religiosa...................................................................................... 70 34. Mitología ............................................................................................................ 72 35. Culto y fiesta........................................................................................................ 73 36. La literatura religiosa (Textos de las Pirámides, Textos de los Sarcó­ fagos, Libro de los Muertos)........................................................................... 75 37. La m agia............................................................................................................... 78 38. La piedad personal ........................................................................................... 79 39. Los intercambios con el exterio r.................................................................. 80 V. EL ESTADO Y SU ESTRUCTURA 40. La realeza............................................................................................................. 83 41. La familia real..................................................................................................... 86 42. Los funcionarios, la administración ........................................................... 87 43. Los visires............................................................................................................. 88 44. La administración provincial interior y exterior ..................................... 89 45. Los sacerdotes..................................................................................................... 90 46. La organización m ilitar.................................................................................... 92 47. La administración de justicia.......................................................................... 93 48. Prosopografía, denominaciones..................................................................... 95 49. Estructura social, esclavitud .......................................................................... 96 50. Los extranjeros................................................................................................... 98 51. La población (estadísticas, antropología física)....................................... 99 52. La familia, la posición de la mujer .............................................................. 101 53. La vida cotidiana .............................................................................................. 102 54. La econom ía........................................................................................................ 102 55. Comercio y transporte .................................................................................... 104 56. La economía ru ral.............................................................................................. 105 57. Trabajo, salarios, precios ............................................................................... 107 58. Geografía y topografía .................................................................................... 108 59. Relaciones con el exterio r............................................................................... 110 VI. EL MUNDO DEL ESPÍRITU 60. Los fundamentos del pensamiento, de la filosofía y de la ciencia . 113 61. La educación........................................................................................................ 115 8 CONTENIDO 62. La imagen del m u n do....................................................................................... 116 63. El mundo animal y vegetal ............................................................................. 117 64. La medicina ....................................................................................................... 118 65. La matemática y la metrología .................................................................... 119 66. La astronomía y la medición del tiem p o................................................... 120 67. La física, la química y la mineralogía ........................................................ 122 68. La técn ica............................................................................................................ 123 VIL LA HISTORIA: DESARROLLO, TRANSMISIÓN, INTERPRETACIÓN 69. Exposiciones de conjunto, historia de la cultura, períodos históricos . 125 70. La imagen de la historia ................................................................................ 127 71. Fuentes................................................................................................................
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