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In the Bird Cage of the Muses: Archiving, Erudition, and Empire in Ptolemaic Egypt

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In the Bird Cage of the Muses: Archiving, Erudition, and Empire in Ptolemaic Egypt In the Bird Cage of the Muses: Archiving, Erudition, and Empire in Ptolemaic Egypt by Akira V. Yatsuhashi Department of Classical Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Peter H. Burian, Supervisor ___________________________ N. Gregson G. Davis ___________________________ William A. Johnson ___________________________ Phiroze Vasunia Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classical Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2010 ABSTRACT In the Bird Cage of the Muses: Archiving, Erudition, and Empire in Ptolemaic Egypt by Akira V. Yatsuhashi Department of Classical Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Peter H. Burian, Supervisor ___________________________ N. Gregson G. Davis ___________________________ William A. Johnson ___________________________ Phiroze Vasunia An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classical Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2010 Copyright by Akira V. Yatsuhashi 2010 Abstract This dissertation investigates the prominent role of the Mouseion-Library of Alexandria in the construction of a new community of archivist-poets during the third century BCE in the wake of Alexander the Great’s conquests. I contend that the Mouseion was a new kind of institution—an imperial archive—that facilitated a kind of political domination that worked through the production, perpetuation, and control of particular knowledges about the world rather than through fear and brute force. Specifically, I argue that those working in the Mouseion, or Library, were shaping a new vision of the past through their meticulous editorial and compilatory work on the diverse remnants of the pre-conquest Greeks. Mastery of this tradition, in turn, came to form the backbone of what it meant to be educated (pepaideumenoi), yet even more importantly what it meant to be a Greek in this new political landscape. In contrast to many studies of politics and culture in the Hellenistic period which focus on the exercise of power from the top down, I explore how seemingly harmless or even esoteric actions, actions that seem far distant from the political realm, such as the writing of poetry and editing of texts, came to be essential in maintaining the political authority and structures of the Hellenistic monarchs. In developing this vision of the cultural politics of the Hellenistic Age, my first chapter examines the central role of the Mouseion of Alexandria in making erudition one of the key sources of socio-cultural capital in this ethnically diverse and regionally dispersed polity. Through the work of its scholars, the Mouseion and its archive of the Greek past became the center around which a broader panhellenic community and identity coalesced. In chapter two, I explore the implications of this new institution and iv social type through a close reading of Lykophron’s enigmatic work, the Alexandra, presenting it as a poetic archive that used philological practices to make the past relevant to a new group of elite consumers scattered throughout the Hellenistic world by re-imagining the conflict between Europe and Asia. In the final chapter, I argue that this new institution gave rise to a new type of man, the archivist-poet. I examine how this new figure of subjectivity became one of the primary means of participating in Hellenistic empires of knowledge through the genre of literary epigram. v For my father who left us too soon. vi Table of Contents Abstract.........................................................................................................................iv Abbreviations................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................x 1. Introduction: Alexandrian Archive, Imperial Archive ............................................... 1 1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 “Library of Dreams”............................................................................................. 6 1.3 The Mouseion and Alexandrian Archiving........................................................ 10 2. Theorizing the Alexandrian Archive: Three Perspectives....................................... 15 2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 15 2.2 Reimagining the Archive ................................................................................... 17 2.3 Foucault in Alexandria: Archival Discourse ...................................................... 20 2.4 Foucault’s Kallimachos...................................................................................... 28 2.5 The Alexandrian Archiving of Homer ............................................................... 34 2.6 The Imperial Archive of Alexandria .................................................................. 42 2.7 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 63 3. Poem as Archive: Lykophron’s Alexandra .............................................................. 66 3.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 66 3.2 Lykophron as Poet and Archivist....................................................................... 71 3.3 Historicizing the Alexandra .............................................................................. 75 3.4 Poetic Archival Beginnings................................................................................ 78 3.5 The Poetic Archive Collecting ........................................................................... 84 3.6 Poem Archiving Words ...................................................................................... 95 vii 3.7 The Poetic Archive “Restaging” the East-West Conflict.................................108 3.8 Conclusion ........................................................................................................120 4. The Rise of the Alexandrian Archivist-Poet, “The Cult of Paideia” and Literary Epigram......................................................................................................................125 4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................125 4.2 Toward an Understanding of the Alexandrian Archivist..................................130 4.3 Philitas of Kos: The Ur Archivist in Writing.....................................................141 4.4 The Rise of Literary Epigram and the Cult of Paideia.....................................149 4.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................172 5. Conclusion ..............................................................................................................178 Bibliography ...............................................................................................................184 Biography .................................................................................................................. 200 viii Abbreviations Standard abbreviations are used for collections and editions of texts, but the reader may find the following list helpful. AB Austin, C. and G. Bastianini, eds. 2002. Posidippi Pellaei quae supersunt omnia. Milan. AP Anthologia Palatina. CA Powell, J.U., ed. 1925. Collecteana Alexandrina. Oxford. LSJ Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott. 1996. A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed. With revised supplement, rev. by Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie, Oxford. SH Lloyd-Jones, H. and P. Parsons, eds. 1983. Supplementum Hellenisticum. Berlin. ix Acknowledgements My interest in languages and literatures stretches back to my wonderful undergraduate mentor, John Wyatt. I only wish he had lived long enough to see this “driver’s license test” come to its completion. Frank Nisetich and Francis Dunn sparked my passion for Hellenistic poetry. The original the idea for this dissertation dates back to days spent in the department of Comparative Literature at Dartmouth College. My work on the anthologization of Japanese waka poetry under the guidance of Dennis Washburn developed my interest in dense epigrammatic poetry, and the late Susanne Zantop inspired my interest in postcolonial studies. Margaret Williamson, Bill Scott, and Jim Tatum gave me much of their time to explore similar issues in Classics. At Duke, Grant Parker, Gregson Davis, Diskin Clay, and Phiroze Vasunia helped me develop the ideas for this project and have generously supported me through the ups and downs that inevitably come with writing a dissertation. William Johnson was a welcome late addition to the process and his insightful comments were invaluable. Last but not least, I would like to thank Peter Burian who generously offered to advise me through this entire process. Without his endless patience, editing talents, and fatherly advice, I wonder where I would be. Over the course of these years, I have fond memories of the many cups of coffee shared with Jacqui Carlon and cups
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