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Creating Teaching Module in PDF with Embedded Animations and Lecture Note INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES Volume 11, 2017 Creating Teaching Module in PDF with Embedded Animations and Lecture Note Taeil Yi that lecture videos will have similar or greater use and value in Abstract—The use of lecture video and animation has been an online course when live-instruction and discussion are increased especially for online and distance learning courses. There limited ([3]), and students showed improvement after watch are two major problem when an online or a multipoint course is visualizations (graphic design, video, and animation) and there offered for the first time. First, producing lecture video and animation was significant improvement in responses between the first and is not an easy task for instructors who are going to teach online course first time. Second, most instructors who are novice for second visualization ([21]). producing such teaching modules rely on pre-existing learning It is clear that including animations and videos in lecture resources. In many cases those pre-existing teaching resources are not would be beneficial to students’ learning, and providing matching with an individual instructor’s course level or pedagogy. teaching modules with visualization and animation of better This article shows detailed ‘how-to’ tutorials for mathematics quality are demanded more than ever. Instructors are urged to instructors who is novice to produce (1) animation GIFs using provide visualized teaching modules for their students. The GeoGebra, (2) PDFs with embedded animations, and (3) PDFs with embedded ‘paper-pencil’ style lecture videos with voice using demand of having the ability to produce such modules smartpen as instructional tools. according to own pedagogy has increased dramatically in teaching field. One major problem is that most instructors are Keywords—Animation in pdf, GeoGebra, LaTex, IrfanView, novice to production of such materials. As stated in a recent ShareLaTex, smartpen note study [8] instructors depend on their universities to provide the video capture infrastructure, and should work with the campus I. INTRODUCTION information technology personnel to produce lecture videos. ANY researches have been done on using animation and There are some ways to produce such materials with M lecture videos in teaching. For instance, Milovanovic, minimal knowledge of media production. In this article, we et.al. A research [13] shows students learned with multimedia focus on producing animation GIFs, and embedding such showed better theoretical, practical and visual knowledge, and animations and lecture videos into PDF file which is one of they were highly interested in learning with multimedia. best formats for teaching module since it is easy to share and Another research [23] shows that students learn better with can be viewable in any computer with a PDF reader such as animations since the animation engages them in learning. Acrobat Reader. It is known that embedding an animation in a Akpinar ([1]) found that the interactive animations used as pdf file is impossible without using some high-end commercial presentation tools were more effective on the students’ programs. However, there is a way to produce PDF with understanding of course concepts. Aksoy ([2]) also found the animation (GIF) using LaTex. Some sites such as [30] provide similar result that animation is more effective than traditional source file (Tex) with the output file (pdf) for creating some teaching methods in terms of enhancing students’ achievement. animations in pdf/beamer. In some researches like [10] they found that animation does Holecek ([11]) describes a new way of creating animations not improve understanding across all conditions, but students in PDF with a free software pdfTeX only, which requires some show evidence of higher levels of understanding. skills of Acrobat JavaScript and pdfTeX. It is not easy for a Even though Evans ([6]) found that lecture videos might not novice instructor. be the best tool of instruction for ‘introductory’ students, a A post in GeoGebratube shows how to include animated research ([7]) shows that usage patterns affect students’ GIF in LaTeX and produce PDF file with animation (see [25]). attitudes to video lectures as a learning tool. Halupa ([9]) also The post explains the method to animated construction step found that even the students who were given access to online with LaTex syntax and packages such as Pstrics and video lectures perceived course material more positively and PGF/TiKZ which are not popular to most LaTex novices. felt the additional material was useful, there were no Another site [28] shows how to include animation in pdf significant differences between students in the target group and using LaTeX, especially using movie15 or Media9 packages in the control group. On the other hand, some researchers found LaTex. It also shows some tools (without detail how-to) to create graphic files (such as MPEG) mostly for Mac OS T. Yi is with the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX system. 78521 USA (corresponding author to provide phone: 956-665-3535; e-mail: In this article, we demonstrate how produce animated GIF [email protected]). ISSN: 2074-1316 51 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES Volume 11, 2017 file using GeoGebra, and then how LaTex together with a free show the same explanation in several different classes most photo editing program such as IrfanView can be used in cases. Using the build-in ‘Navigation bar’ in GGb program we producing animation embedded in PDF file. We also introduce can show the entire construction steps either step-by-step or on the desktop software of a smartpen and shows how to convert play mode. As we saw in A above, we have to use a slider for the note writing file to PDF file with video and audio producing animated gif file from GGb. So we need to connect recording together. the construction steps and a slider. If we want to show all construction steps, we just to assign a slider to the construction II. MAKING GIF WITH GEOGEBRA step number. But, in most cases, we want to show specific construction steps only. In such case the connection between a The GeoGebra (GGb) program is the key to produce slider and the construction steps should be modifiable, so the dynamic graphs for teaching. It makes possible to make an animation shows selected construction steps only. Moreover, animation and/or a series of graphics quickly and effortlessly. we do not want to change or update the setting between the A. Using a slider slider and the construction steps when we change some construction steps and remove/add some objects. The GeoGebra program makes possible to insert sliders that Inside ‘Construction Protocol’ window within GGb program control dynamic moves within the graphics. For producing we can rearrange the construction steps if necessary, and animation (especially within a pdf file) from a GGb file, we assign breakpoints for chosen steps only. So we need assign should include at least one slider in the GGb file. For example, those breakpoint steps to a slider. We will use a construction make a line segment using two points, say H and K, after of the centroid of a triangle to explain this. Let’s make a GGb making a slider, say t, with the following condition: Min: 0, file, titled ‘triangle.ggb’, showing the construction of the Max: 1, Increment: 0.05, Animation Speed: 1, Repeat: centroid, named G, of a triangle ABC by finding the Oscillating (see Fig. 1). Then type the following in the input intersection of three mediums AD, BE and CF, which requires filed on the GGb file: several line segments to show that points D, E and F are the A = (1-t)*H + t*K midpoints of the sides a, b and c. The Figure 3 shows the result in order to make the point A on the line segment. The position triangle and the corresponding construction steps with of the point A depends on the slider value t. We may hide the breakpoints at steps 4, 8, 12, 16 and 17. slider by either (1) right click on the slider and unselect Show Object or (2) place it outside of the animation area, if we do not want to show it inside the animation. Fig. 1 Setting for a slider in GGb Then, by the following steps, we will get an animated gif file: i. Select File > Export > Graphics View as Animated GIF ii. Select one slider (if there are more than one...), say t iii. Click Export button (see Fig. 2) Fig. 2 Exporting a GIF file from GGb To check the animation, open the gif file with a web browser or with IrFanView program. B. Using Construction Step with a Slider One of the excellent features of GGb program is that it comes with the built-in function named ‘Construction Step’. In many cases we want to show the entire procedure of the construction of the graphic, not only because instructors want to show the step-by-step construction but also they need to Fig. 3 Construction Protocol Window with the figure ISSN: 2074-1316 52 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES Volume 11, 2017 C. Procedure to Connect Construction Step and Slider To make the series of png frames from the animated gif file i. Decide and check 'breakpoints' in the 'Construction (`triangle') follow the steps below: Protocol' window (e.g. 4,8,12,16,17 – 5 breakpoints) i. Make a folder, say 'fig'. ii. Make a list as the following where objects are the one ii. Open the gif file with IrfanView. (See Fig. 4) for breakpoints: iii. Select ‘Options > Extract all frames...’ mylist={ConstructionStep[b], ConstructionStep[f], iv. Change the `Destination directory:' to the `fig' folder. ConstructionStep[i], ConstructionStep[l], v.
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