GeoGebra Manual The official manual of GeoGebra. PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Thu, 15 Dec 2011 01:15:41 UTC Contents Articles Introduction 1 Compatibility 3 Installation Guide 4 Objects 6 Free, Dependent and Auxiliary Objects 6 Geometric Objects 6 Points and Vectors 7 Lines and Axes 8 Conic sections 8 Functions 9 Curves 10 Inequalities 10 Intervals 11 General Objects 11 Numbers and Angles 12 Texts 13 Boolean values 14 Complex Numbers 15 Lists 15 Matrices 17 Action Objects 18 Selecting objects 19 Change Values 19 Naming Objects 20 Animation 21 Tracing 22 Object Properties 22 Labels and Captions 23 Advanced Features 25 Object Position 25 Conditional Visibility 25 Dynamic Colors 26 LaTeX 27 Layers 28 Scripting 28 Tooltips 30 Tools 31 Tools 31 Movement Tools 32 Move Tool 32 Record to Spreadsheet Tool 32 Rotate around Point Tool 33 Point Tools 33 New Point Tool 33 Attach / Detach Point Tool 34 Complex Number Tool 34 Point on Object Tool 34 Intersect Two Objects Tool 35 Midpoint or Center Tool 35 Line Tools 35 Vector from Point Tool 36 Ray through Two Points Tool 36 Segment with Given Length from Point Tool 36 Line through Two Points Tool 36 Segment between Two Points Tool 37 Vector between Two Points Tool 37 Special Line Tools 37 Best Fit Line Tool 38 Parallel Line Tool 38 Angle Bisector Tool 38 Perpendicular Line Tool 39 Tangents Tool 39 Polar or Diameter Line Tool 39 Perpendicular Bisector Tool 40 Locus Tool 40 Polygon Tools 41 Rigid Polygon Tool 41 PolyLine Tool 41 Regular Polygon Tool 42 Polygon Tool 42 Circle & Arc Tools 42 Circle with Center and Radius Tool 43 Circle through Three Points Tool 43 Circle with Center through Point Tool 43 Circumcircular Arc through Three Points Tool 43 Circumcircular Sector through Three Points Tool 44 Compass Tool 44 Circular Sector with Center between Two Points Tool 44 Semicircle through Two Points Tool 45 Circular Arc with Center between Two Points Tool 45 Conic Section Tools 45 Ellipse Tool 46 Hyperbola Tool 46 Conic through Five Points Tool 46 Parabola Tool 46 Measurement Tools 47 Distance or Length Tool 47 Angle Tool 47 Slope Tool 48 Area Tool 48 Angle with Given Size Tool 48 Transformation Tools 48 Translate Object by Vector Tool 49 Reflect Object about Line Tool 49 Reflect Object about Point Tool 49 Rotate Object around Point by Angle Tool 49 Reflect Object about Circle Tool 50 Dilate Object from Point by Factor Tool 50 Special Object Tools 50 Insert Image Tool 51 Probability Calculator Tool 52 Pen Tool 52 Slider Tool 53 Relation between Two Objects Tool 53 Function Inspector Tool 54 Insert Text Tool 54 Action Object Tools 55 Check Box to Show / Hide Objects Tool 55 Insert Input Box Tool 55 Insert Button Tool 56 General Tools 56 Custom Tools 56 Show / Hide Label Tool 57 Zoom Out Tool 57 Zoom In Tool 58 Delete Object Tool 58 Move Graphics View Tool 58 Show / Hide Object Tool 58 Copy Visual Style Tool 59 Commands 60 Commands 60 Geometry Commands 60 AffineRatio Command 61 Angle Command 61 AngleBisector Command 62 Arc Command 62 Area Command 63 Centroid Command 63 CircularArc Command 63 CircularSector Command 64 CircumcircularArc Command 64 CircumcircularSector Command 64 Circumference Command 65 ClosestPoint Command 65 CrossRatio Command 65 Direction Command 65 Distance Command 66 Intersect Command 66 IntersectRegion Command 67 Length Command 67 Line Command 68 PerpendicularBisector Command 69 Locus Command 69 Midpoint Command 70 PerpendicularLine Command 70 Perimeter Command 71 Point Command 71 PointIn Command 71 PolyLine Command 72 Polygon Command 72 Radius Command 73 Ray Command 73 RigidPolygon Command 73 Sector Command 73 Segment Command 74 Slope Command 74 Tangent Command 74 Vertex Command 75 Algebra Commands 75 Div Command 76 Expand Command 77 Factor Command 77 GCD Command 78 LCM Command 79 Max Command 80 Min Command 81 Mod Command 82 PrimeFactors Command 83 Simplify Command 83 Text Commands 84 FractionText Command 84 FormulaText Command 84 LetterToUnicode Command 85 Ordinal Command 85 RotateText Command 85 TableText Command 85 Text Command 86 TextToUnicode Command 87 UnicodeToLetter Command 87 UnicodeToText Command 87 VerticalText Command 88 Logic Commands 88 CountIf Command 88 IsDefined Command 89 If Command 89 IsInRegion Command 90 IsInteger Command 90 KeepIf Command 90 Relation Command 90 Functions & Calculus Commands 91 Asymptote Command 92 Coefficients Command 92 CompleteSquare Command 92 ComplexRoot Command 93 Curvature Command 93 CurvatureVector Command 93 Curve Command 94 Degree Command 94 Denominator Command 95 Derivative Command 95 Extremum Command 96 Factors Command 97 Function Command 98 ImplicitCurve Command 98 Integral Command 98 IntegralBetween Command 99 Intersect Command 100 Iteration Command 101 IterationList Command 101 LeftSum Command 101 Limit Command 102 LimitAbove Command 102 LimitBelow Command 103 LowerSum Command 103 Numerator Command 104 OsculatingCircle Command 104 PartialFractions Command 105 PathParameter Command 105 Polynomial Command 106 RectangleSum Command 106 Root Command 106 RootList Command 107 Roots Command 107 SolveODE Command 107 TaylorPolynomial Command 108 TrapezoidalSum Command 109 InflectionPoint Command 109 UpperSum Command 109 Conic Commands 109 Asymptote Command 110 Axes Command 110 Center Command 110 Circle Command 110 Conic Command 111 ConjugateDiameter Command 111 Directrix Command 111 Eccentricity Command 112 Ellipse Command 112 LinearEccentricity Command 112 MajorAxis Command 113 SemiMajorAxisLength Command 113 Focus Command 113 Hyperbola Command 113 Incircle Command 114 Parabola Command 114 Parameter Command 114 Polar Command 114 MinorAxis Command 115 SemiMinorAxisLength Command 115 Semicircle Command 115 List Commands 115 Append Command 116 Classes Command 116 Element Command 116 First Command 117 Frequency Command 118 IndexOf Command 119 Insert Command 119 Intersect Command 120 Intersection Command 121 IterationList Command 121 Join Command 121 Last Command 122 OrdinalRank Command 123 PointList Command 123 Product Command 123 RandomElement Command 124 RemoveUndefined Command 124 Reverse Command 125 RootList Command 125 SelectedElement Command 125 SelectedIndex Command 125 Sequence Command 126 Sort Command 127 Take Command 127 TiedRank Command 128 Union Command 128 Unique Command 128 Zip Command 129 Vector & Matrix Commands 129 ApplyMatrix Command 130 CurvatureVector Command 130 Determinant Command 130 Identity Command 131 Invert Command 131 PerpendicularVector Command 132 ReducedRowEchelonForm Command 132 Transpose Command 133 UnitPerpendicularVector Command 133 UnitVector Command 134 Vector Command 135 Transformation Commands 135 Dilate Command 135 Reflect Command 136 Rotate Command 136 Shear Command 137 Stretch Command 137 Translate Command 137 Chart Commands 138 BarChart Command 138 BoxPlot Command 139 DotPlot Command 139 FrequencyPolygon Command 139 Histogram Command 140 HistogramRight Command 141 NormalQuantilePlot Command 141 ResidualPlot Command 141 StemPlot Command 142 Statistics Commands 142 ANOVA Command 143 Classes Command 144 Covariance Command 144 Fit Command 145 FitExp Command 145 FitGrowth Command 146 FitLineX Command 146 FitLine Command 146 FitLog Command 146 FitLogistic Command 147 FitPoly Command 147 FitPow Command 147 FitSin Command 148 Frequency Command 148 FrequencyTable Command 149 GeometricMean Command 150 HarmonicMean Command 150 Mean Command 150 MeanX Command 151 MeanY Command 151 Median Command 151 Mode Command 152 CorrelationCoefficient Command 152 Percentile Command 152 Q1 Command 153 Q3 Command 153 RSquare Command 153 RootMeanSquare Command 153 SD Command 154 SDX Command 154 SDY Command 154 Sxx Command 155 Sxy Command 155 Syy Command 155 Sample Command 155 SampleSD Command 156 SampleSDX Command 157 SampleSDY Command 157 SampleVariance Command 157 Shuffle Command 158 SigmaXX Command 158 SigmaXY Command 159 SigmaYY Command 159 Spearman Command 159 Sum Command 160 SumSquaredErrors Command 161 TMean2Estimate Command 161 TMeanEstimate Command 162 TTest Command 162 TTest2 Command 163 TTestPaired Command 163 Variance Command 164 Probability Commands 164 Bernoulli Command 165 BinomialCoefficient Command 165 BinomialDist Command 166 Cauchy Command 167 ChiSquared Command 168 Erlang Command 168 Exponential Command 169 FDistribution Command 170 Gamma Command 170 HyperGeometric Command 171 InverseBinomial Command 172 InverseCauchy Command 172 InverseChiSquared Command 172 InverseExponential Command 173 InverseFDistribution Command 173 InverseGamma Command 173 InverseHyperGeometric Command 174 InverseNormal Command 174 InversePascal Command 174 InversePoisson Command 175 InverseTDistribution Command 175 InverseWeibull Command 175 InverseZipf Command 175 LogNormal Command 176 Logistic Command 176 Normal Command 177 Pascal Command 177 Poisson Command 178 RandomBetween Command 179 RandomBinomial Command 179 RandomNormal Command 180 RandomPoisson Command 180 RandomUniform Command 181 TDistribution Command 181 Triangular Command 182 Uniform Command 182 Weibull Command 183 Zipf Command 183 Spreadsheet Commands 184 Cell Command 184 CellRange Command 185 Column Command 185 ColumnName Command 185 FillCells Command 185 FillColumn Command 186 FillRow Command 186 Row Command 186 Scripting Commands 186 Button Command 187 Checkbox Command 188 CopyFreeObject Command 188 Delete Command 188 Execute Command 189 GetTime Command 189 HideLayer Command 189 Pan Command 190 ParseToFunction Command 190 ParseToNumber Command 190 PlaySound