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Rapid Assessment Report the Impact of Drought in Red Sea State, Sudan

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Rapid Assessment Report the Impact of Drought in Red Sea State, Sudan Rapid Assessment Report On The impact of Drought in Red Sea State, Sudan 6 April 2018 Early Warning Early Action (EWEA) Initiative, FAO Sudan Rapid Assessment on the impact of drought in Red Sea State Early Warning Early Action (EWEA) Initiative, FAO Sudan Contents Page Acronyms and abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 2 Assessment Highlights ............................................................................................................................ 3 1. OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 4 2. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................. 5 3. ASSESSED AREAs ........................................................................................................................ 5 4. OBJECTIVE .................................................................................................................................... 6 5. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................ 6 6. LIVELIHOOD PROFILE AND POPULATION ................................................................................. 7 7. RAINFALL AND KHOR BARAKA FLOODING ............................................................................... 8 8. LIVESTOCK .................................................................................................................................... 8 8.1 Livestock body condition, milk production, movement and diseases ..................................... 8 8.2 Animal deaths .......................................................................................................................... 9 8.3 Pasture .................................................................................................................................... 9 8.4 Fodder availability and access .............................................................................................. 10 8.5 Water resources for livestock ................................................................................................ 10 9. CROP PRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 11 9.1 Percentage of the farmers cultivated .................................................................................... 11 9.2 Planted and harvested area .................................................................................................. 12 9.3 Production ............................................................................................................................. 13 10. FOOD SECURITY ..................................................................................................................... 13 10.1 Drought coping strategy in the affected localities ................................................................. 13 10.2 Over view of the drought aspects in the affected localities ................................................... 15 10.3 Severity of Food insecurity .................................................................................................... 15 11. NEEDS ...................................................................................................................................... 16 11.1 Severity of current shock and recovery ................................................................................. 16 11.2 Support being provided to the affected households.............................................................. 17 11.3 Immediate and intermediate needs ....................................................................................... 17 12. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................. 17 Page 1 of 18 Rapid Assessment on the impact of drought in Red Sea State Early Warning Early Action (EWEA) Initiative, FAO Sudan Acronyms and abbreviations CFSAM Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission EWEA Early Warning Early Action FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAW Fall Army Worm FEWS NET Famine Early Warning Systems Network FGD Focus Group Discussion FSTS RSS Food Security Technical Secretariat Red Sea State HAC Humanitarian Aid Commission HH Household IPC Integrated Food Security Phase Classification mm Millimetres NDVI Normalized difference vegetation index RSS Red Sea State WES Water Environment and Sanitation WFP World Food Programme Page 2 of 18 Rapid Assessment on the impact of drought in Red Sea State Early Warning Early Action (EWEA) Initiative, FAO Sudan Assessment Highlights All four assessed localities experienced very poor rain, i.e. almost no rain during 2017-18 season. The season is characterized by very weak Khor Baraka flooding. In Tokar, Halaib and Suakin localities, the animal body conditions was reported as very bad, i.e. all ribs and other bones of hind limbs (dorsal site) are prominent. Grossly milk production per household per day is below the half of the usual milk production. Several cases of animal diseases have been reported in all four drought affected localities assessed. As reported by the FGD participants, around 7 to 10 animals were dying every day in Tokar Delta due to diseases and hunger. There is hardly any grazing land remaining in those localities. Fodder is available in the market in the affected localities. However, around 60% of the affected households in Tokar Delta and Algounb and Awlieb are not able to access to fodder from the market. Only 25% of the farmers in Tokar Delta cultivated in the 2017/18 season. The area cultivated under Delta Tokar flood irrigated scheme in 2017/18 was less by 70% from that of the previous year. Along with the decrease of the planted area by sorghum and millet in 2017/18, the harvested area also decreased significantly, i.e. 50% and 20% respectively. The drop in the total harvested area under Delta Tokar flood irrigated scheme compared to previous years was mainly due the late and low flooding Baraka khor. Under Tokar irrigated scheme, sorghum and millet production was only 12% and 43% of last year’s production respectively. Severe impact on crops from plant pests/diseases has been observed in Algounb and Awlieb locality where due to white fly and African worm (not FAW), 70% of the crops was damaged in Salwom village of the locality. In Tokar Delta, around 90% of the affected households are employing both stress and crisis livelihood strategies. In Tokar Delta, around 90% of the households have spent all their savings and consumed seed stock, 70% are purchasing food on credit, and 40 % are selling productive female animals. Tokar locality reflects the worst situation among the localities assessed, i.e. animals are dying daily, highest percentage of the households applying crisis coping strategy, and highest percentage of households who cannot access to fodder from the market. Considering IPC’s “phase 3 and worse” (referring to severely affected population), the number of severely affected population of the four localities assessed in the Red Sea State stands at 24,888 (4,148 HH). Food assistance, provision of animal feed until next season, and animal vaccination are the immediate needs of the affected households in Tokar and Algounb and Awlieb localities. Page 3 of 18 Rapid Assessment on the impact of drought in Red Sea State Early Warning Early Action (EWEA) Initiative, FAO Sudan 1. OVERVIEW In December 2017, the drought monitoring framework of FAO Sudan was applied in Red Sea State. The monitoring results indicated signs of concerns with regard to worsening drought situation in Red Sea State and suggested to conduct a rapid assessment in order to have further insights into the drought situation. From 03 February to 08 February 2018, the rapid assessment was carried out in Tokar, Algounb and Awlieb, Halaib and Suakin localities which are considerably affected by drought in Red Sea State. All four assessed localities experienced very poor rain, i.e. almost no rain during 2017-18 season. The season is characterized by very weak flooding. Most of the flushes of the flood was below average. In Tokar, Halaib and Suakin localities, the animal body conditions was reported as very bad. Milk production in the drought affected villages decreased significantly at the household level (dropped to below half than usual); which significantly reduced household milk consumption. Several cases of animal diseases have been reported in all four drought affected localities assessed. The most common diseases which the animals of these localities are affected by are diarrhea and pneumonia. Due to diseases and hunger, death of animals is frequent at a significant rate in three of the four localities assessed (Tokar, Algounb and Awlieb, and Suakin). As reported by the FGD participants, around 7 to 10 animals were dying every day due to diseases and hunger in Tokar Delta. Following the rapid assessment, the Animal Resources Department of Red Sea State published a report on the toll of animal life due to diseases and hunger in these drought affected localities. According to the report, Shiaib tribe, a nomad tribe in Tokar locality reported that a significant number of animals comprising camels, sheep and donkeys were dying. There is hardly any
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