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View Case Study Sudan Red Sea Impact and Cost Impact and Cost Benefit Analysis A Case Study of Disaster Risk Reduction Programming In Red Sea State Sudan, 2009 Hisham Khogali, Independent Consultant Derej Zewdu Food Security Officer, Ethiopian Red Cross Society 1 Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.0 Background ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1The Sudan ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2Red Sea State .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 The Sudanese Red Crescent .............................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 The Study ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.0 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.1Selection of Study Areas ........................................................................................................................................ 8 2.2 Definition of the project scenario......................................................................................................................... 8 3.0 Programme Descriptions ........................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Programme Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 9 3.2 Constraints on programme implementation ................................................................................................... 10 4.0 Impact and Cost Benefit Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 11 4.1 Food Security/Livelihoods .................................................................................................................................. 11 4.1.1.Terrace Construction, Al Manaar, Derudeib .......................................................................................... 11 4.1.2. Earth Dam/Embankment Lashob ............................................................................................................ 12 4.1.3.Communal Vegetable Garden, Hamisiet ................................................................................................ 13 4.2 Water ....................................................................................................................................................................... 14 4.2.1 Hafir Construction , Delai ........................................................................................................................... 14 4.2.2 Sub-surface water dam, Tomsha ............................................................................................................. 15 4.2.3 Hand pumps and protected wells, Al Garada ........................................................................................ 15 4.3 Women’s Centres ................................................................................................................................................. 16 4.3.1 Women’s Centre Sanganai, Haya ............................................................................................................ 16 4.4 Health ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18 4.4.1 Hospital, Duredeib Town ............................................................................................................................ 18 4.5 Education................................................................................................................................................................ 19 4.5.1 Duredeib Town ............................................................................................................................................. 19 4.5.2 Haya Locality ................................................................................................................................................. 19 5.0 Resilience and Safety Indicators............................................................................................................................ 20 5.1 Indicators to Determine Resilience ................................................................................................................... 20 5.2 Categorizing community based indicators into Global Indicators for monitoring ................................... 22 6.0 Lessons Learned ....................................................................................................................................................... 22 6.1 Programming ......................................................................................................................................................... 22 6.2 Cost Benefit Analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 23 7.0 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 25 References ......................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Annex 1.Terms of Reference: Impact and cost-benefit analysis of the Sudanese Red Crescent Society’s Greater Sinkat Community Development Projects ................................................................................................... 28 Annex 2. List of People Interviewed ............................................................................................................................. 32 Annex 3. Cost Benefit Analysis tables for Interventions .......................................................................................... 35 2 Executive Summary Red Sea State in Sudan suffers regular droughts which have resulted in increased vulnerability of the indigenous nomadic Beja pastoralist community. Activities that were once coping strategies have become part of normal regular patterns of activity despite the fact that they are of an unsustainable nature. The Norwegian and Danish Red Cross have supported the Sudanese Red Crescent Society, for over twenty years, to undertake longer term programming that aims to reduce the vulnerability of the Beja population to recurrent droughts and protect, where possible, the assets that communities have in order to build resilience to disasters. With this support the Sudanese Red Crescent Society has been programming in five sectors: · Food Security/livelihoods · Health · Water · Education · Women’s Development The Sudanese Red Crescent adopted an integrated, multi-sectoral approach to programming providing inputs in different sectors to the same communities over an extended period of time. This study: i. Examined the impact of the interventions undertaken ii. attempted to undertake a cost benefit analysis to determine whether the interventions undertaken were economically efficient. iii. determined community based indicators of resilience by engaging with communities. The Programmes It was evident from discussions with communities and local Governments that the programmes implemented had considerable impacts on the targeted population. Examples such as the terraces and earthdams/embankments enabled households to undertake successful agricultural activities, providing both food for consumption and the possibility to diversify diets as well as the possibility to sell produce and earn an income. This was particularly the case in the example of the terracing in Al Manar where the intervention was targeted to internally displaced people that would otherwise have been destitute due to loss of livestock. Furthermore, cost benefit analysis indicated that these projects were economically efficient with a benefit to cost ratio of greater than 2:1. Water interventions such as the installation of hand-pumps and the construction of hafirs have also impacted positively on pastoral communities. In Delai, the construction of the hafir may have prevented potential conflict, as well as improved an otherwise precarious water supply for nomadic pastoralists. Cost benefit analysis also indicated that the project was economically efficient with a benefit to cost ratio exceeding 2:1. Perhaps the two most important interventions supported by the SRCS were the education inputs and women’s centers. The impact of the education support is being realized through increased attendance at pre-school1, while other activities such as classroom construction have facilitated primary and secondary education by providing enhanced learning environments which in turn has improved
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