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1 Taliban in Afghanistan, Al-Qaeda Osama Bin Laden

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1 Taliban in Afghanistan, Al-Qaeda Osama Bin Laden នរេមេភរវករដ៏ ំងងេគបំផុតេេលពិភពេក េភរវកមគឺនន័យរេបស់អំេពេរេ និងរគំមបំភ័យេកុងវតុបំណង េលេងែផកនេយ។ រេបស់អំេពេរេនិងរគំម កំែហងេដមបំផិត “ ”[1] បំភ័យ និងបងិតបងំពិេសសេដមីេលបំណងនេយ េ េភរវកម ។ េកុង ពិភព េកេយងេនះ នេមេភរវករលីលញធំៗចំនួន៤គឺកមេភរវករ ពួកលីន់េកុង បេទសនីន Taliban in Afghanistan, ល់ៃខ Al-Qaeda ដឹកំេយ Osama Bin Laden, CPP េកអូ៉ប៊ិនឌិន កមេភរវករគណបកបជនកមុ (Cambodian People Party) ដឹកំេយ ហ៊ុនែសន និងកមអីសីសអីសីស ដឹកំេយេក ល់បុយល់ឌី Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi ។បជនេចនេេលពិភពេក និចលែតងែតល់យល់ដឹកអំពីពត៍នេភរវកមមបភពបពន័េសអនរតិ អំពីពួកលីន់ ល់ៃខ េកអូ៉ប៊ិនឌិននិងអីសីស េហយពួកេគ ែតងែតនរមភ័យចពយរមអំពីពួកេភរវកមអស់ំងេះសកមពដ៏ែសន វេេបំងនឹងមនុសតិេេពលបចុបនេនះ។ គេចនៃនពូកេគមិននដឹង កមេភរវកម CPP និងេមេភរករ ហ៊ុនែសន ពពួកេភរវកមែដលសំប់មនុសអស់ េចនងេគេេលពិភពេកេទ គឺេចនងពួកលីន់ ល់ៃខ និងពួកអីសីស ប់រយដង។ េតនរគឺេមេភរវករដ៏ំងងេគបំផុតេេលពិភពេក? បសិនេបេយងចង់ដឹងេតនរេមេភរវករដ៏ងងេគបំផុតេេលពិភពេកេះ េយងតវែតសកេបបេធបល់តុសំន់ៗៃនអងរេភរវកមនិមួយៗដូចអសិពៃន ចំណូល កងកំំងបប់វុធ វុធយុទភ័ណ អកឧបតមំទ បព័នបញរកមនិងឧបករណ៏ែណណូសយទំេនប ទំក់ទំនងរទូត ចប់ អនរតិ និងបពន័េស រងពួកល់ៃខ លីន់ អីសីស និង CPP ។ េកុងចំេមបរអងរេភរវកមេេលពិភពេក នែតអងរេភរវកម Taliban ធំៗែត៤ប៉ុេះដូច កមេភរវករ ពួកលីន់ េកុង បេទសនីនដឹកំ Mullah Mohammed Omar េយេក , ល់ៃខ Al-Qaeda ដឹកំេយ េកអូ៉ Osama Bin Laden, CPP (Cambodian ប៊ិនឌិន កមេភរវកមគណបកបជនកមុ People Party) ដឹកំេយ ហ៊ុនែសន និងកមអីសីស ដឹកំេយេកល់បុយ 1 ល់ឌី Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi ។ ល់កមេភរវកមធំៗង៤េនះគឺសុទែតេធ េយបជនេេលពិភពេកនរពយរម េហយតវនបេទសេចនកំពុង េធរប់រមណ៏។ កមេភរវកមពួកលីន់ គឺចលនេយេរពមគុមីសឥម និយម េកុងបទសនីនែដលនរីកសុះយស់េពញបេទសនីន េហយនបេងតរភិលមួយែដលដឹកំតតេយពួកអីមនិយមៃនបេទស នីន ប់ំងពីែខកំ១៩៩៦ រហូតដល់ែខធូំ២០០១ េទីកងន់ Mullah Mohammed Omar Kandahar េយេកមូមូេម៉តអូ៉ ។ ពួកលីន់តវ នេទបន់នេបស់អំេពេភរវកមកលឧយយុទសេដមបនេល់វតុ បំណងងនេយនិងមេគមវរបស់ពួកេគ។ិ េៃថទី៧ែខតុ បប់ពីមួយែខៃន រយបរៃថទី១១ែខកំ២០១១ សហរដេមរិកេយនជំនួយពីចកភព អង់េគស និងបេទសដៃទៗេទតរួមំងពីសម័នមិតអងរតូផងេះ នប់េផមត់វនរងេិ េយទំក់ប់ែបកេលជំរំរបស់ពួក លីន់ និងពួក ល់ៃខ។ របតិបតិរងេនបេណញពួកលីន់ េចញពីអំច [2] ។ ពួកលីន់នបប់អំច េហយមិនចយេមេភរវករ ដ៏ំងេលសេគេលេកេទ ពីេះកមេភរវកមរបសពួកលីន់ខះអសិពចំណូល ខះកំំងកងទ័ព ខះសវុធទំេនប ខះមអំចំទ និងខះបព័នបញរកម ខះឧបករណ៏រកមទំេនប ខះទំក់ទំនងរទូត ខះបព័នេស ខះចប់អនរតិ ំទ ខះជំនួយនិងកំមីបរេទសពីអងរសហបតិ និងពីបរបេទសមអំច។ ចំែណកពួកល់ៃខវញិ គឺងអងរអកសកមបយុទកលរបស់ឥមមួយ តវនបេងតេឡងេយេកអូ៉ប៊ិនឌិន េកប់ដុស់ហម និងអក សកមបយទឥមដៃទៗេទតេកំឡុងែខសីំ១៩៨៨ និងចុងំ១៩៨៩េដមីបំង នឹងសមសូេវតេកុងបេទសនីន។ ពួកល់ៃខ នេធរយបរ េចនេេលេលេែដលតវនត់ទុក អកែដលមិនន់សឥម (Kafir) ។ ពួកល់ៃខនយបរេេលេលេសីវលិ និងេេមបរបេទស េផងៗ រួមំងរយបរេែខៃថទី១១ែខកំ២០០១ របនុះប់ែបក [3] េនទូតេមរិកេំ១៩៩៨ និងរបនុះប់ែបកេទីកងលីំ២០០២ ។ អងរេភរវកមល់ៃខនយបរេេលរេះមជមណលណិជកម ពិភពេករបស់សហរដេមរិក និងមនីប៉ង់ហូនរបស់សហរដេមរិកេៃថទី១១ ែខកំ២០០១ េធេយសហរដេមរិកបសេេលនេយបំងនឹង េភរវកមេន់ពិភពេក។ កងទ័ពសហរដេមរិក នពមបញ់ពួក េភរវកមគប់ទីកែនង រហូតដល់េសហរដេមរិកយបរបេទស នីន 2 េែខតុំ២០០១ េដមីេឆយតបេនឹងរយបររបស់ពួកល់ៃខែដលន [5] សំប់ពលរដសតតង់របស់សហរដេមរិកូ េេលែដនដីសហរដមរិក ។ េះបី៉ងក៏េយ ក៏ទំហំៃនរ បំផិចបំញរបសពួកេមដឹកំេភរវកមនេធេឡងេ មមេធយេផងៗ។ ប៉ុែនក៏នជីវតបនសិតេនិងិ របនរសំប់េសរីេះគឺចំណុចៃនពួកេមេភរវករ ដ៏ំងបំផុតេេលពិភពេក។ បសនេបអងរ េភរវកមនិងេមដឹកំេភរវកមតវនបប់គឺនន័យ ពួកេគមិនែមនេមដឹកំេភរវកមដ៏ងងេគេះេទ។ Osama Bin Laden [4] េមកដឹកំេភរវកមដ៏ំងងេគគឺេនជីវតរស់េិ និងចបនរេបស់រគំមកំែហងដ៏វ េរេេដមីគំមដល់បជនេយរសំប់ បព័នេដមីចំអកឡកឡយេនឹងចប់អនរតិ និង មអំចកលេក។ ថីតិតែតអងរល់ៃខដឹកំេយលេក ិ អូ៉ប៊នឡនគឺអងរេភរវកមដ៏លីលញមួយេ េលពិភពេកប៉ុែនអងរេនះមិនែមនអងរេភរវកម ដ៏ំងងេគេះេទេបេបបេធបេនឹងអងរេភរកម CPP ដឹកំេយេមេភរវករ ហ៊ុនែសន េះពីេះ េមដឹកំល់ៃខេះអូ៉ប៊ិនឌិន តវន ប់ត់បង់ជីវតិ េហយអងរេនះមិននអសិព ចំណូល មិននកងកំំងបប់វុធេចនសនឹក . សប់េទ នវុធយុទភ័ណទំេនប នអកផលជំនួយ នបពន័រកមនិងឧបករណ៏ រកមែណណូសយទំេនប នបព័នេស នទំក់ទំនងរទូត មួយបរ បេទសមអំណច និងនចប់អនរតិឬបរបេទសមអំចជួយសំត់ ែដរ។ េះបីសកមពរបស់អងរល់ៃខបកបេយទឹកចិតងនិងចបន សកមពេភរវកមក៏េយ ប៉ុែនអងរល់ៃខេែតអងរេភរវកមដ៏ទន់េខយ មួយ បសិនេបេបបេធបេនឹងអងរេភរវកម CPP ែដលដឹកំេយេមេភរវករ ហ៊ុនែសន ែដលយ៉ងរបសពួកេវតកុងនិងរភិលេវតមេះ។ េមេភរវករ ហ៊ុនែសន គឺយករដមនីៃនបេទសកមុេេមរតតរបស់រភិលកង ណូយ។ េមេភរវករហនែសនគឺេមេភរវករដ៏ំងងេគបំផុតេេលពិភពេក បសិនេបបេធបេនឹងកមេភរវកមល់ៃខ លីន់ និងអីសីស។ 3 េហតុអីនហ៊ុនែសនគឺេមេភរវកមដ៏ងងេគេេលពិភពេក? ហ៊ុនែសន គឺេមេភរវករដ៏ំងងេគេបេទសកមុ និងេេលពិភពេក ផងែដរ។ បជនកមុគប់រូបែតងែតល់េមភរវករហ៊ុនែសនែដលេបស់រុណ កម តកម និងេភរវកម េធឧបករណ៏គប់គងបជនែខរ៉ងែណនេ កុងៃដ។ ទីំងទីមុខអតីតររដសកមុ គឺអនុសវរីយ៏េភរវកមែដល យបេយកងកំំងបប់វុធរបស់េមេភរវករ ហ៊ុនែសន ែដលពួកេអសប៊ីយ របស់សហរដេមររិក នវវ និងបញភសុងអំពីពឹតិរណ៏េភរវកម ែដល នយបរេយ ហ៊ុនែសន េកុងបេទសកមុេៃថទី៣០ែខមិំ១៩៩៧ េមុខអតីតររដសកមុ។ Cambodian civil demonstrators were attacked by the armed forces of terrorists leader HUN SEN on March 30, 1997 in front of the former-National Assembly building in Phnom Penh, Cambodia ចំែណកបតិែខរ ំងេកុងបេទសកមុ និងេេបេទស ែតងែត ចងំនិចអំពីអំេពេភរវកមដ៏វយង់ឃង តវនបររេយេមេភរវករ ហ៊ុនែសន េយយបេេលហូងបតុករសូតតង់ែខរែដលមរេយនរែករទំរង់បព័ន យុតិធម៍េបេទសកមុែដលដឹកំេយេមបកបំងេះេក សមរងី។ រយ បរេយេភរវកមេនះបងរេយមនុសប់៉ងសក៏២០ក់ែដរ េហយរបួស ង១៥០ក់ េយនែបយទីនលេេខវខីេទីនតុកមៃនរបំផិច [6] បំញដ៏រនត់តក់សុត ។ រហូតមកដល់េពលបចុបនេនះ េលនេយបងនឹង េភរវកមរបស់សហរដេមរិក តវនយយសេពញពិភពេក ប៉ុែនែបរន តុរឧកិដកមអនរតិមួយ មកប់េមេភរវករ ហ៊ុនែសន យកេត់េសេឡយ។ េលសពីេនះេេទត េក េហងេ ក៏នតតងបញេកុងេសចកីែថង រណ៏៩ទំព័ររបស់េកអំពីយករដមនីហ៊ុនែសន នបរេយេមអងរករបស់ត់ េះេក ហុយពិសិដ យកប់ែបកៃដេយបរេលហងតុករបកបំងេដមីែកូ ទំរង់បព័នយុតិធម៍េកមុែដលដឹកំេយេមបកបំងេះេក សមរងី េៃថទី ៣០ែខមិំ១៩៩៧ [7] ។ េក េហងេ គឺអតីតបនអគសងរជនីភំេពញនិង 4 អតីតអនុរដេលធិរៃនកសួងមៃផ និងទីបឹករបស់យករដមនីហ៊ុនែសន រហូតដល់ៃថទី២៧ែខកកំ២០០៦។ បចុបនេនះ នែតអងរេភរវកមងៗែត២ប៉ុេះេេលពិភពេកគឺអងរ CPP ( ) េភរវកម គណបកបជនកមុ ដឹកំេយេមេភរវករ ហ៊ុនែសន និងអងរ េភរកមុអីសីស ISIS ដឹកំេយេកប៊ុយកល់ហឌី Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi ។ េតអងរេភរវកមមួយំងងេគកុុងចំេមអងរេភរវកមំងពីរេនះ?ុុ អងរេភរវកម CPP ដឹកំេយ HUN SEN អងរេភរវកម ISIS ដឹកំេយ Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi CPP The គណបកបជកមុគឺអតីតបក រដឥមៃនអី៉ក់និងឡិេវន Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant បជនបដិវតិន៏កម (KPRP) ។ េតនរ ុ (ISIL), The តវនែបរដ អកបេងតបកបជនបដិវតិន៏កមុ? គឺ Islamic State of Iraq and Syria េកហូជីមិញ! េកហូជីមិញនបេងត ឥមរបស់អី៉ក់និងសីរីេអី ៏ បកកុមុយនីសិ ឥណូ ចិនេែខកុមះំ១៩៣០ សីស (ISIS) េម៉ប់។ េកុងេលបំណងគប់គង និងេលបតក់ អីសីស (ISIS) គឺកមបះេររបស់ ( ) ឥណូ ចិន បេទសកមុ វនិងេវតម ពួកជលនិយមនិយស៊ុននី Sunni ជំនួសនិគមំង។េកហូជីមិញន extremist និង និយជីដ jihadist ( ត់េងងំងេមង ែកេះមករ ែដលនមូលនេេលបេទស ) េមន េយមកបូរេះេ សងង៉ុកមិញ អី៉ក់និងសីរីែដលកែនងពួកេគ (KPRP) បេងតបក បជនបដិវតិន៏កមុ េបប់ឥទិពល។េំ២០១១ េៃថទី២៨ ែខមិថុ ំ១៩៥១ េ េេពលែដលដកកងទ័ពសហរដ ែខរេវតមិញ ។ កងទ័ពរបស់ហូជីមិញនកង េមរិកេចញរចល់េះ Al-Qaeda ទ័ព េវតកុង និងកងទ័ពេវតមងេជង ពួកល់ៃខតវនេរបចំបេងត នេះជំរំទីងមូលនេររបស់ពួក េឡងេយេកបុយដល់ េគេេលទឹកដីកមុែដលេកនរហូតដល់េ ឌី Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi និង ចំនួន៧២០០០ក់[8] បកបេយសវុធ នស់បូរពីបេទសេដ៏ធំមួយ ( ទំេនបៗ នមកពីរណរដបនិត េរបតិបតិររបស់ជនតិ ) ចិននិងសហពសូេវត បប់ពីរដបរ អី៉ក់ដ៏ធំមួយ [11] ។េមដឹកំអីសីស បេណញសេមចសីហនុេចញពីតំែណងមកេ Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi នបស ៃថទី១៨ែខមិំ១៩៧០ែដលលេះកង “Caliph Ibrahim”, ខួនត់ ទ័ពរណរដែខរនកងទ័ពស័គចិតចំនួន ននះេមបររដ៏េះ 5 ែត ៤០ កងវរេស តូច battalions ែដលមិនន សគ័[12] ។អងរសហបតិ ( ISIL វុធបំក់េឡយ េងមពះជបនូលរប នត់ទុកពួក តវែតទទួល ស់ពះអងស់សីសុវតិសិរិមតះឧបយករ ខុសតេលបទរំេភសិទិមនុស ដមនីៃនរបបរណរដែខរ ) [9] ។ េៃថទី េហយអងរេលកែលងេសអនរ ១៧ ែខេម ំ១៩៧៥ កងទ័ពេវតកុង តិនយរណ៏អំពីរសំប់ កងទ័ពេវតមិញ និងកងទ័ពេវតមង េសសំតកមជនតិគតិច េជងនផួលរំលំរបបរណរដែខរនិងន េយេតេលរបកយបវតិ ន់ប់កងភំេពញ េហយពួកេគនសំប់ សមួយ។ កមេនះតវន រលបជនែខរអស់ង៣នក់ប់ពី កំណត់អងរេភរវកមមួយ ំ១៩៧៥ដល់ំ១៩៧៩េយក់ក េយអងរសហបតិ សហ ពួកែខរកហមេកមុបធិបេតយសីេគ គមន៏អឺរ៉ុប ចករម សហ េះ។េៃថទី៧ែខមកំ១៩៧៩កងទ័ពេវត រដេមរិក អូលី ឥណូ េនសី UAE មនននលុកលុយបេទសកមុ ទួគី ៉ប់បីអូឌី KPRP [13] ចំហរេហយពួកេគនបនុប បកប និងបេទសដៃទៗេទត ។ ជនបដិវតិន៏កមុេយគប់គងបេទស សពេនះអងរេភរវកមដ៏លីលញ CPP ISIS កមុជំនួសពួកែខរកហម។ េទសវតំ ងេគគឺ និង ។បសិនេប KPRP ១៩៩០នទំក់េះ េលផូវរ េយងចង់ដឹងនរគឺេមដឹកំ េមមេគមវសងមនិយមិ េហយន េភរវកមដ៏ំងងេគបំផុតេកុង ក់េះថីគណបកបជនកមគណបកបជនកមុុុុ ពិភពេកេះេយងតវែតសិក Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) [10] ។ េបបេធបរង ISIS និង CPP ។ --- : ១១១ ហនែសនហនែសននិងនិងនិងនិងគឺកមេភរវកមដ៏នងេគបំផុតេកគឺកមេភរវកមដ៏នងេគបំផុតេកុុងបវតិសពិភពេកុុ ក់ចំណូលដ៏ធំបំផុតរបស់ CPP គឺរជួញដូរំេញនខុសចប់ែដលេធ CPP េយ និង ហ៊ុហ៊ុហ៊ុនែសនហ៊ុនែសន ទទួលក់ចំណូលប់េដ៏ដុសហរដេមរិកកុងមួយ ំៗ។ ហនែសន ំេចញំេញនប់រយន់េនេន់បេទសេង៥៦ បេទសដូចំេន់បេទសៃថឡង់ បេទស៉េឡសី បេទសបយេណ បេទសៃត៉ន់ េះហុងកុង បេទស ចកភពអង់េគស រុសី សហរដេមរិក អូលី……… ។ល។(េងមេកែកណចំេរន [14] )។ 6 កូនបសចងរបស់ហ៊ុនែសន េះ ហនតូ នកំពុងំេចញំេញនេហរ៉ូអីនេន់ បេទសអូលីែដលនតំៃលទឹកក់ ង ១០០០០០០០០០១០០០០០០០០០ដុសហរដេមរិកដុសហរដេមរិក កុងមួយំៗ(មួយន់នដុសហរដ េមរិកបំំ) េយបក់ក មួយរភិលៃនបរបេទសេផងៗ បក់បញមួយក់ដឹកំមនី [15] ប៉ូលីសន់របស់បរបេទសេផងៗែដល ហនតូដឹកឆងត់េកុងទីបសី ។ េនះន់ំេញនេហរ៉ូអីនដឹកេន់បេទសអូលីមួយប៉ុេះនទឹកក់ដ ល់េ មួយន់មួយន់នដុនដុ ចុះទំមមដឹកំេញនេន់៥៦បេទសេផងេទត េះេតគណបកបជន និងហ៊ុនែសនទទួលនទឹកក់ប៉ុនរយន់ន ដុសហរដេមរិក?េនះន់ែតគិតែតពីចំណូលំេញនរបស់កមេភរវកម CPP ។ ចំែណកអំេពពុករលួយវញិ េរងល់ំ បេទសកមុុុុ នត់បង់ ទឹកក់ចំណូលដល់េ ៥០០៥០០នដុសហរដេមរិកបំំនដុសហរដេមរិកបំំ(េនះមសមី របស់េកឯកអគរដទូតសហរដេមរិកេះរូលរ៉ដេល Carol Rodley [16]) ។ លុយអស់ំងេនះគឺក់េេលកប់ៃដរបស់ CPP និង ហនែសន ែដលន់ប់ CPP េបប់បេទសកមុ។ គឺអងរេភរវកមគឺអងរេភរវកមដ៏ធំបំផុតេកដ៏ធំបំផុតេកុុងបេទសកមុុ ុុុុ ។។។ ចំែណក ហ៊ុនែសន គឺេមេភរវករងងេគេកុងបេទសកមុនិងយករដមនីៃន រភិលយ៉ងរបស់េវតម។ អស់រយៈេពលង២ទសវតចុងេយមកេនះអងរេភរវកម CPP និង ហ៊ុនែសន នេលបតក់លុយជំនួយកមីបរេទសែដលនទឹកក់ដល់េ ៥៥៥៥០០០០០០០០៥៥០០០០០០០០៥០០០០០០០០ដុដុ សហរដេមរិក(US$ 5.5 billion ) រួមំងេលបលុយជំនួយជំនួយេដមីអភិវឌន៏បេទស កមុនតំៃលទឹកក់ដល់េ ៦០០៦០០៦០០នដុសហរដេមរិកក៦០០ នដុសហរដេមរិកកុុងមួយំៗុុ ។េមេភរវកម ហ៊ុនែសន នខីលុយបេទសចិននទឹកក់ដល់េ ៤៤៤ន់នដុសហរដេមរិក៤ បែនមេេលលុយកមីបរេទសចំនួន ៧៧៧ន់នដុសហរដេមរិក៧ [17] ។ បេទសកមុនត់បង់ចំណូលថវរែដលនមកពីប់ៃពេឈដល់េចំនួនពីិ ៤០០៤០០៤០០ន៤០០ នននដុសហរដេមរិក េ ៥០០៥០០៥០០ន៥០០ នននដុសហរដេមរិកបំំឬេរងល់ ំេហយលុយអស់ំងេនះតវនេលបតក់េយកមេភរវកម CPP និង ហ៊ុនែសន [18] ។ កមេភរវកម CPP និងេមេភរវករ ហ៊ុនែសន នលក់ល់ធននធមតិរបស់ បេទសកមុ ទបុណែខរ េបតិភណ័ តិែខរ រតនសមតិតិែខរ ធន នែរ៉ ដីធី សមុទ ភំ ទេនបឹងបួរ បតិ និងសតៃពគប់៉ង េហយពួកេគ 7 ទទួលនក់ចំណូលប់រយេដ៏ដុ េធេយពួកេគន់ែតនេៗ ចំែណក បជនែខរវញគឺមួយគបីៃនបជនសរុបកំពុងរស់េនចំណូលេមិ ០០០‚០‚‚‚៦១៦១៦១៦១ដុដុ (Dr. Gaffar Peang Meth [19]) សហរដេមរិកកុងមួយៃថ(េកបណិ តល់េភងមិត ។ ចំែណកឯកមេភរវកម ISIS វញគឺរកនចំណូលបំំែត២ន់នដុសហិ
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