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T H È S E Rita Abou Abdallah

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T H È S E Rita Abou Abdallah 81,9(56,7e D’AIX0$56(,//( )$&8/7e'(0e'(&,1('(0$56(,//( 7+Ê6( 6RXWHQXHSXEOLTXHPHQWOH-XLOOHW en vue de l’obtention du titre de Docteur de l’Université d’Aix0DUVHLOOH 6SpFLDOLWp0DODGLHV,QIHFWLHXVHV SDU 5LWD$ERX$EGDOODK /D*pQRPLTXH 8Q2XWLO5REXVWHHW(PHUJHQW8WLOLVp GDQVOD7D[RQRPLH%DFWpULHQQHHW O’analyse Comparative &RPSRVLWLRQGXMXU\ 3URIHVVHXU%/$6&2/$ 8QLYHUVLWp$L[0DUVHLOOH 3UpVLGHQWGX-XU\ 3URIHVVHXU00$85,1 8QLYHUVLWpGH*UHQREOH 5DSSRUWHXU 3URIHVVHXU35(1(672 8QLYHUVLWpGH*UHQREOH 5DSSRUWHXU 3URIHVVHXU3()2851,(5 Université d’Aix0DUVHLOOH 'LUHFWHXUGH7KqVH 8059,7520( $L[0DUVHLOOH8QLYHUVLWp,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW $VVLVWDQFH3XEOLTXH–+{SLWDX[GH0DUVHLOOH $3+0 6HUYLFHGH6DQWp GHV$UPpHV,QVWLWXW+RVSLWDOR8QLYHUVLWDLUH0pGLWHUUDQpH,QIHFWLRQ 5HPHUFLHPHQWV Je tiens à remercier Professeur Pierre-Edourad Fournier, pour son encadrement et enseignement au cours de ces dernières années. Ses conseils et encouragements ont été des éléments moteurs pour moi et déterminants pour le déroulement de cette thèse. Votre calme, respect, humanité et gentillesse envers vos étudiants sont gravés dans mon cœur. Finalement, je vous remercie pour votre support et confiance tout au long de ces trois années. Vous aurez toujours une place dans mon esprit et mon cœur. Je remercie Professeur Didier Raoult pour m’avoir accueillie au sein de l’Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Méditerranée-Infection. C’est dans un environnement stimulant intellectuellement que mon goût pour la recherche est né. Je remercie Professeur Bernard La Scola, d’avoir accepté de présider au sein du jury de cette Thèse. Je remercie Professeur Max Maurin et Patricia Renesto d’avoir accepté de siéger au sein du jury de cette Thèse et pour l’intérêt porté à ce travail. Je remercie ma mère et ma sœur, pour leurs supports et conseils quotidiens. Vous êtes deux femmes exceptionnelles, sans vous rien n’aurait été pareil. Vous êtes le reflet de l’amour, du sacrifice et de la force. Vos appels tous les jours me réchauffait le cœur. Merci d’être là. Je remercie mon père et mon frère, vous êtes le soutien que chaque fille souhaite recevoir de la part de ses parents. Avec vous je peux conquérir le monde ! Je remercie mes neveux et ma nièce, vous êtes une source de joie. Surtout toi Ryan, tu es mon trésor et le plus beau cadeau. Je remercie Jacques Bou Khalil et Michel Hosny, pour leurs présences, soutiens et confiances. Vous étiez plus qu’une famille, grâce à vous je ne me suis jamais senti seule. On a partagé énormément de bons moments, dont je me souviendrai pour le reste de ma vie. Je suis très reconnaissante pour votre aide. Vous me manquerez ! Je remercie tous les membres de notre équipe pour l’entraide et les conseils, surtout Awa et Mamadou, merci pour toute l’aide que vous m’avez donné. Les mots, et la place, ne suffiraient pas à exprimer toute ma reconnaissance envers tous ceux qui m’ont permis d’en arriver là, à travers les bons moments comme les mauvais. Merci à ceux et celles qui par leurs encouragements et leur présence me permettent aujourd’hui d’écrire ces lignes ; merci Michelle Dib, Marianne Samaha, Docteur Fadi Bittar, Jeremy Delerce, Docteur Ahmad Yassine, Souheil Hallit, Dory Tannoury et Rania Francis. A mes parents, Gabriel et Elhame qui m’ont comblé de bonheur par leur affection. Que Dieu leurs préserve une longue vie et bonne santé. Reine et Bassam, pour leurs encouragements qui m’ont facilité les choses tout au long de mes études… $YDQWSURSRV /HIRUPDWGHSUpVHQWDWLRQGHFHWWHWKqVHFRUUHVSRQGjXQHUHFRPPDQGDWLRQGHOD spécialité Maladies Infectieuses et Microbiologie, à l’intérieur du Master des 6FLHQFHVGHOD9LHet de la Santé qui dépend de l’Ecole Doctorale des Sciences GHOD9LHGH0DUVHLOOH /HFDQGLGDWHVWDPHQpjUHVSHFWHUGHVUqJOHVTXLOXLVRQWLPSRVpHVHWTXL comportent un format de thèse utilisé dans le Nord de l’Europe et qui permet un PHLOOHXU UDQJHPHQW TXH OHV WKqVHV WUDGLWLRQQHOOHV 3DU DLOOHXUV OD SDUWLH LQWURGXFWLRQ HW ELEOLRJUDSKLH HVW UHPSODFpH SDU XQH UHYXH HQYR\pH GDQV XQ MRXUQDODILQGHSHUPHWWUHXQHpYDOXDWLRQH[WpULHXUHGHODTXDOLWpGHODUHYXHHWGH permettre à l’étudiant de commencer le SOXV W{W SRVVLEOH XQH ELEOLRJUDSKLH H[KDXVWLYHVXUOHGRPDLQHGHFHWWHWKqVH3DUDLOOHXUVODWKqVHHVWSUpVHQWpHVXU article publié, accepté ou soumis associé d’un bref commentaire donnant le sens JpQpUDOGXWUDYDLO&HWWHIRUPHGHSUpVHQWDWLRQDSDUXSOXVHQDGpTXDWLRQDYHF 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