DOCSLIB.ORG

Clinical Infectious Diseases Emerging Concepts and Strategies in Clinical

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Clinical Infectious Diseases Emerging Concepts and Strategies in Clinical Clinical Infectious Diseases Emerging Concepts and Strategies in Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Guest Editors: Didier Raoult, MD, PhD Fernando Baquero, MD, PhD This supplement was sponsored by the Fondation Méditerranée Infection (FMI). Cover Image: View of the new Méditerranée Infection building in Marseille, France. Photograph by Oleg Mediannikov © Oleg Mediannikov. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not attributable to the sponsors or to the publisher, editor, or editorial board of Clinical Infectious Diseases. Articles may refer to uses of drugs or dosages for periods of time, for indication, or in combinations not included in the current prescribing information. The reader is therefore urged to check the full prescribing information for each drug for the recommended indications, dosage, and precautions and to use clinical judgment in weighing benefits against risk of toxicity. MARCH20176513 15 August 2017 Volume 65 Clinical Infectious Diseases Supplement 1 The title Clinical Infectious Diseases is a registered trademark of the IDSA EMERGING CONCEPTS AND STRATEGIES IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES S1 Rewiring Microbiology and Infection S55 A Hospital-Based Committee of Moral Philosophy Didier Raoult and Fernando Baquero to Revive Ethics Margaux Illy, Pierre Le Coz, and Jean-Louis Mege S4 Building an Intelligent Hospital to Fight Contagion S58 Evaluating the Clinical Burden and Mortality Jérôme Bataille and Philippe Brouqui Attributable to Antibiotic Resistance: The Disparity of Empirical Data and Simple Model S12 From Expert Protocols to Standardized Estimations Management of Infectious Diseases Cédric Abat, Jean-Marc Rolain, Grégory Dubourg, Jean-Christophe Lagier, Camille Aubry, Marion Delord, Pierre Michelet, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Hervé Chaudet, and Didier Raoult Hervé Tissot-Dupont, Matthieu Million, Philippe Brouqui, Didier Raoult, and Philippe Parola S64 Developing Research in Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Africa: The Paradigm of Senegal S20 Many More Microbes in Humans: Enlarging the Cheikh Sokhna, Oumar Gaye, and Ogobara Doumbo Microbiome Repertoire Jean-Christophe Lagier, Michel Drancourt, Rémi Charrel, Fadi Bittar, S70 Place of International Congresses in the Diffusion Bernard La Scola, Stéphane Ranque, and Didier Raoult of Knowledge in Infectious Diseases Britta Lassmann and Giuseppe Cornaglia S30 Medical Entomology: A Reemerging Field of Research to Better Understand Vector-Borne S74 Viruses in the 21st Century: From the Infectious Diseases Curiosity-Driven Discovery of Giant Viruses to Maureen Laroche, Jean-Michel Bérenger, Pascal Delaunay, Remi Charrel, Bruno Pradines, Franck Berger, Stéphane Ranque, Idir Bitam, New Concepts and Definition of Life Bernard Davoust, Didier Raoult, and Philippe Parola Patrick Forterre S39 New Laboratory Tools for Emerging Bacterial S80 Basic Sciences Fertilizing Clinical Microbiology Challenges and Infection Management Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Michel Drancourt, and Didier Raoult Fernando Baquero S50 New Approaches to Prevent Healthcare-Associated S84 Data Science Priorities for a University Infection Hospital–Based Institute of Infectious Diseases: Philippe Brouqui, Sophia Boudjema, Alberto Soto Aladro, Eric Chabrière, A Viewpoint Olga Florea, Hoa Nguyen, and Jean Charles Dufour Alain-Jacques Valleron Clinical Infectious Diseases academic.oup.com/cid An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association EDITOR STATISTICAL EDITORS In the Literature Robert T. Schooley Norma Terrin, Senior Editor Stan Deresinski Steven Cohen DEPUTY EDITOR Farzad Noubary News Ferric C. Fang Donald Kaye ASSISTANT DEPUTY EDITOR HISTOPATHOLOGY EDITORS Photo Quiz/Arcanum Barbara D. Alexander Ann Marie Nelson Anthony Amoroso Mary Klassen-Fischer ASSOCIATE EDITORS Reviews of Anti-infective Agents Constance A. Benson EDITORIAL OFFICE STAFF Louis D. Saravolatz Carlos del Rio Carlos M. Terra, Vaccines Kathryn M. Edwards Managing Editor Stanley Plotkin Vance G. Fowler Claire R. Neumann, David N. Fredricks Acquisitions Editor Barbara E. Murray Blake Campbell, PAST EDITORS Peter G. Pappas Editorial Office Assistant Reviews of Infectious Diseases Robin Patel Edward H. Kass, 1979–1989 David L. Paterson SPECIAL SECTION EDITORS (vols. 1–11) David A. Pegues Sydney M. Finegold, 1990–1991 William A. Petri Book Reviews (vols. 12 and 13) Stephanie N. Taylor Gary P. Wormser David L. Thomas Clinical Infectious Diseases Clinical Practice Sydney M. Finegold, 1992–1999 COVER ART EDITORS Ellie J. C. Goldstein (vols. 14–29) Michael Grizzard Sherwood L. Gorbach, 2000-2016 Healthcare Epidemiology Mary Grizzard (vols. 30-63) Robert A. Weinstein STATISTICAL ASSOCIATE EDITOR Immunocompromised Hosts Victor De Gruttola David R. Snydman 13001300 WilsonWilson Blvd.,Blvd., SuiteSuite 300 Diana L.1300 Olson Wilson (Vice President, Blvd., Suite Communications) 300 Arlington,Arlington, VAVA 2220922209 1300Arlington, Wilson VABlvd., 22209 Suite 300 Telephone:Telephone: (703)(703) 299-0200 Telephone:Arlington, (703) VA 299-1215 22209 Fax:Fax: (703)(703) 299-0204299-0204 Telephone:Fax: (703) (703) 299-8766 299-1215 E-mail:E-mail: [email protected]@idsociety.org E-mail:Fax: [email protected] (703) 299-8766 URL:URL: http://www.idsociety.orghttp://www.idsociety.org URL:E-mail: http://www.hivma.org [email protected] URL: http://www.hivma.org BOARDBOARD OFOF DIRECTORS BOARD OF DIRECTORS BOARD OF DIRECTORS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEECOMMITTEE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE WilliamJohan S.G. Bakken, Powderly, President President Carlos del Rio, Chair WilliamPaul G. G. Auwaerter, Powderly, President-Elect President-Elect WendyWendy Armstrong, Armstrong, Chair-Elect Chair PaulCynthia G. Auwaerter, L. Sears, Vice Vice President President MelanieRafael Campo, Thompson, Vice-Chair Chair-Elect PenelopeLarry K. H. Pickering, Dennehy, Secretary Secretary Adaora Adimora,W. David ImmediateHardy, Vice Past Chair Chair HelenHelen W.W. Boucher,Boucher, Treasurer Carlos del Rio, Immediate Past Chair StephenJohan B. S. Calderwood, Bakken, Immediate Immediate Past Past President President DIRECTORSDIRECTORS DIRECTORS DIRECTORS BarbaraAngela D.M. AlexanderCaliendo Joel Ang Henry F. Chambers Henry F. Chambers StephenJoel Boswell Ang Janet A. Englund Janet A. Englund MichelleJudith Feinberg S. Cespedes Thomas Fekete Thomas Fekete LisaJudith K. Fitzpatrick Feinberg Lawrence P. Martinelli Lawrence P. Martinelli DonnaLisa K. Futterman Fitzpatrick Thomas A. Moore Thomas A. Moore RajeshDonna T. Dutterman Gandhi Trish M. Perl Daniel P. McQuillen SallyRajesh L. Hodder T. Gandhi Steven K. Schmitt Trish M. Perl CaroleLori A. Gordon Hohl Judith A. Aberg (HIVMA Representative) Joel E. Gallant (HIVMA Representative) JeanneCarole Keruly A. Hohl Anthony Harris (SHEA Liaison) Sarah E. Cosgrove (SHEA Liaison) MichelleRenslow Collins Sherer Ogle David W. Kimberlin (PIDS Liaison) David W. Kemberlin (PIDS Liaison) WilliamJames M. Towner Sosman Mark A. Leasure (Chief Executive Officer) Chris Busky (Chief Executive Officer) RochelleWilliam Walensky Towner Judith A. Aberg (IDSA Representative) PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Rochelle Walensky PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Andrea WeddleIra (Executive Wilson Director) LouisSusan D. L. Saravolatz, Koletar, Chair Chair Joel Gallant (IDSA Representative) AdeelMark Ajwad DiNubile Butt Andrea Weddle (Executive Director) HanaMark DiNubile El-Sahly MathiasLarry S. LichterfeldMcDaniel IrvingAaron Nachamkin Milstone MicheleJennifer I. S. Morris Read CindyCindy TamingaTaminga Yi-WeiYi-Wei TangTang HarrysHarrys TorresTorres RichardRichard R.R. WatkinsWatkins SherwoodRobert T. L. Schooley, Gorbach, Editor, Editor, CIDCID MartinMartin S.S. Hirsch,Hirsch, Editor,Editor, JID PaulPaul E. Sax, E. Sax, Editor, OFIDOFID PenelopeJanet A. H. Englund Dennehy (Board (Board Liaison) Liaison) Diana L. Olson (Vice President, Communications) Clinical Infectious Diseases SUPPLEMENT ARTICLE Rewiring Microbiology and Infection Didier Raoult1 and Fernando Baquero2 1Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales émergentes, INSERM 1095, IRD 198, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; and 2Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain Keywords. microbiological research; modern tools; systematic questioning; University Hospital Institute (IHU) Méditerranée Infection; single site. The emergence of microbiology in the 19th century was made was associated with great freedom for these early researchers possible by the use of new tools: first, the popularization of the in microbiology. The creation of a single site, which was then microscope, then the development of culture techniques, then implemented in all French-speaking countries, in association the discovery that some bacteria could not be grown in pres- with the Army Health Service, played an essential role in the ence of oxygen, and, finally, the development of the techniques fight against infectious and parasitic diseases, both in the devel- of staining and gelification of culture media. Microbiology was oped world and shortly after in the southern and eastern under- initially intended to understand the processes of fermentation developed colonial regions and countries. by Pasteur [1] and then, microbial diseases of humans, ani- The success of this form of research was made possible by mals, and plants. To demonstrate that Bacillus anthracis and the integration of all elements acting as a source of signifi- Mycobacterium
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hplc-Uv Quantitation of Folate Synthesized by Rickettsia
    HPLC-UV QUANTITATION OF FOLATE SYNTHESIZED BY RICKETTSIA ENDOSYMBIONT IXODES PACIFICUS (REIP) By Junyan Chen A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology Committee Membership Dr. Jianmin Zhong, Committee Chair Dr. David S. Baston, Committee Member Dr. Jenny Cappuccio, Committee Member Dr. Jacob Varkey, Committee Member Dr. Erik Jules, Program Graduate Coordinator December 2017 ABSTRACT HPLC-UV QUANTITATION OF FOLATE SYNTHESIZED BY RICKETTSIA ENDOSYMBIONT IXODES PACIFICUS (REIP) Junyan Chen Ticks are the most important vector of many infectious diseases in the United States. Understanding the nature of the relationship between Rickettsia endosymbiont Ixodes pacificus (REIP) and Exudes pacificus will help develop strategies for the control of tick- borne diseases, such as Lyme disease, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is a necessary vitamin for tick survival, and plays a central role in one-carbon metabolism in cells. Folate exist as a large family of structurally related forms that transfer one-carbon groups among biomolecules that are important to cell growth, differentiation, and survival. In Dr. Zheng’s lab, REIP were cultured in Ixodes scapularis embryonic tick cell line ISE6. Previous research has shown that REIP in Ixodes pacificus carries all five de novo folate biosynthesis genes. Folate biosynthesis mRNAs were detected and all recombinant rickettsial folate proteins were overexpressed. To determine whether REIP synthesize folate, we sought to measure the folate concentration in REIP using HPLC-UV quantification with a Diamond HydrideTM liquid chromatography column. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), the active circulating form of folate in bacteria was detected.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Analysis of Microbial Sharing and Specialization in A
    Downloaded from http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on March 15, 2017 Community analysis of microbial sharing rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org and specialization in a Costa Rican ant–plant–hemipteran symbiosis Elizabeth G. Pringle1,2 and Corrie S. Moreau3 Research 1Department of Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Cite this article: Pringle EG, Moreau CS. 2017 Reno, NV 89557, USA 2Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Community analysis of microbial sharing and 3Department of Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, specialization in a Costa Rican ant–plant– Chicago, IL 60605, USA hemipteran symbiosis. Proc. R. Soc. B 284: EGP, 0000-0002-4398-9272 20162770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2770 Ants have long been renowned for their intimate mutualisms with tropho- bionts and plants and more recently appreciated for their widespread and diverse interactions with microbes. An open question in symbiosis research is the extent to which environmental influence, including the exchange of Received: 14 December 2016 microbes between interacting macroorganisms, affects the composition and Accepted: 17 January 2017 function of symbiotic microbial communities. Here we approached this ques- tion by investigating symbiosis within symbiosis. Ant–plant–hemipteran symbioses are hallmarks of tropical ecosystems that produce persistent close contact among the macroorganism partners, which then have substantial opportunity to exchange symbiotic microbes. We used metabarcoding and Subject Category: quantitative PCR to examine community structure of both bacteria and Ecology fungi in a Neotropical ant–plant–scale-insect symbiosis. Both phloem-feed- ing scale insects and honeydew-feeding ants make use of microbial Subject Areas: symbionts to subsist on phloem-derived diets of suboptimal nutritional qual- ecology, evolution, microbiology ity.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Report: Coinfection with Rickettsia Monacensis and Orientia Tsutsugamushi
    Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 101(2), 2019, pp. 332–335 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0631 Copyright © 2019 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Case Report: Coinfection with Rickettsia monacensis and Orientia tsutsugamushi Seok Won Kim,1† Choon-Mee Kim,2† Dong-Min Kim,3* and Na Ra Yun3 1Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 2Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Abstract. Rickettsia monacensis and Orientia tsutsugamushi are bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae, which causes fever, rash, and eschar formation; outdoor activities are a risk factor for Rickettsiaceae infection. A 75-year-old woman presented with fever, rash, and eschar and was confirmed as being scrub typhus based on a nested-polymerase chain reaction (N-PCR) test for a 56-kDa gene of O. tsutsugamushi; the genome was identified as the Boryong genotype. In addition, a pan-Rickettsia real-time PCR test was positive and a N-PCR test using a Rickettsia-specific partial outer membrane protein A (rOmpA) confirmed R. monacensis. This is the first case wherein a patient suspected of having scrub typhus owing to the presence of rash and eschar was also found to be coinfected with O. tsutsugamushi and R. monacensis based on molecular testing. INTRODUCTION leukocyte count, 7,200/mm3; hemoglobin, 11.6 g/dL; platelet count, 232,000/mm3; and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 31 Rickettsia monacensis is a pathogen that causes spotted mm/hours. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels were fever group rickettsial infection; the main symptoms of in- elevated at 9.26 mg/dL and 0.836 ng/mL (0–0.5 ng/mL), re- fection include fever, headache, and myalgia, as well as es- 1 spectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Legionella Shows a Diverse Secondary Metabolism Dependent on a Broad Spectrum Sfp-Type Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase
    Legionella shows a diverse secondary metabolism dependent on a broad spectrum Sfp-type phosphopantetheinyl transferase Nicholas J. Tobias1, Tilman Ahrendt1, Ursula Schell2, Melissa Miltenberger1, Hubert Hilbi2,3 and Helge B. Bode1,4 1 Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Merck Stiftungsprofessur fu¨r Molekulare Biotechnologie, Goethe Universita¨t, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2 Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Munich, Germany 3 Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zu¨rich, Zu¨rich, Switzerland 4 Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe Universita¨t, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ABSTRACT Several members of the genus Legionella cause Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially debilitating form of pneumonia. Studies frequently focus on the abundant number of virulence factors present in this genus. However, what is often overlooked is the role of secondary metabolites from Legionella. Following whole genome sequencing, we assembled and annotated the Legionella parisiensis DSM 19216 genome. Together with 14 other members of the Legionella, we performed comparative genomics and analysed the secondary metabolite potential of each strain. We found that Legionella contains a huge variety of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that are potentially making a significant number of novel natural products with undefined function. Surprisingly, only a single Sfp-like phosphopantetheinyl transferase is found in all Legionella strains analyzed that might be responsible for the activation of all carrier proteins in primary (fatty acid biosynthesis) and secondary metabolism (polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide synthesis). Using conserved active site motifs, we predict Submitted 29 June 2016 some novel compounds that are probably involved in cell-cell communication, Accepted 25 October 2016 Published 24 November 2016 differing to known communication systems.
    [Show full text]
  • (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and the Bat Soft Tick Argas Vespe
    Zhao et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-3885-x Parasites & Vectors SHORT REPORT Open Access Rickettsiae in the common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and the bat soft tick Argas vespertilionis (Ixodida: Argasidae) Shuo Zhao1†, Meihua Yang2†, Gang Liu1†, Sándor Hornok3, Shanshan Zhao1, Chunli Sang1, Wenbo Tan1 and Yuanzhi Wang1* Abstract Background: Increasing molecular evidence supports that bats and/or their ectoparasites may harbor vector-borne bacteria, such as bartonellae and borreliae. However, the simultaneous occurrence of rickettsiae in bats and bat ticks has been poorly studied. Methods: In this study, 54 bat carcasses and their infesting soft ticks (n 67) were collected in Shihezi City, north- western China. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, small intestine and large= intestine of bats were dissected, followed by DNA extraction. Soft ticks were identifed both morphologically and molecularly. All samples were examined for the presence of rickettsiae by amplifying four genetic markers (17-kDa, gltA, ompA and ompB). Results: All bats were identifed as Pipistrellus pipistrellus, and their ticks as Argas vespertilionis. Molecular analyses showed that DNA of Rickettsia parkeri, R. lusitaniae, R. slovaca and R. raoultii was present in bat organs/tissues. In addition, nine of the 67 bat soft ticks (13.43%) were positive for R. raoultii (n 5) and R. rickettsii (n 4). In the phylo- genetic analysis, these bat-associated rickettsiae clustered together with conspecifc= sequences reported= from other host and tick species, confrming the above results. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, DNA of R. parkeri, R. slovaca and R.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection and Partial Molecular Characterization of Rickettsia and Bartonella from Southern African Bat Species
    Detection and partial molecular characterization of Rickettsia and Bartonella from southern African bat species by Tjale Mabotse Augustine (29685690) Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTIAE (MICROBIOLOGY) in the Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa Supervisor: Dr Wanda Markotter Co-supervisors: Prof Louis H. Nel Dr Jacqueline Weyer May, 2012 I declare that the thesis, which I hereby submit for the degree MSc (Microbiology) at the University of Pretoria, South Africa, is my own work and has not been submitted by me for a degree at another university ________________________________ Tjale Mabotse Augustine i Acknowledgements I would like send my sincere gratitude to the following people: Dr Wanda Markotter (University of Pretoria), Dr Jacqueline Weyer (National Institute for Communicable Diseases-National Health Laboratory Service) and Prof Louis H Nel (University of Pretoria) for their supervision and guidance during the project. Dr Jacqueline Weyer (Centre for Zoonotic and Emerging diseases (Previously Special Pathogens Unit), National Institute for Communicable Diseases (National Heath Laboratory Service), for providing the positive control DNA for Rickettsia and Dr Jenny Rossouw (Special Bacterial Pathogens Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases-National Health Laboratory Service), for providing the positive control DNA for Bartonella. Dr Teresa Kearney (Ditsong Museum of Natural Science), Gauteng and Northern Region Bat Interest Group, Kwa-Zulu Natal Bat Interest Group, Prof Ara Monadjem (University of Swaziland), Werner Marias (University of Johannesburg), Dr Francois du Rand (University of Johannesburg) and Prof David Jacobs (University of Cape Town) for collection of blood samples.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Case of Bartonella Alsatica Lymphadenitis
    LETTERS (6). The sequence is distinct from a DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.080944 Human Case of small number of sequences derived from rabies viruses in Vietnam, which References Bartonella alsatica suggests that China is a stronger can- Lymphadenitis 1. Smith JS, Fishbein DB, Rupprecht CE, didate for the source of the virus than Clark K. Unexplained rabies in three To the Editor: Lymph node en- her native country. immigrants in the United States: a vi- Although the case history could rologic investigation. N Engl J Med. largement is a common medical prob- not provide evidence for interaction 1991;324:205–11. lem that is usually caused by bacterial, 2. Grattan-Smith PJ, O’Regan WJ, Ellis PS, with a dog while her family was in viral, fungal, or protozoal agents (1). O’Flaherty SJ, McIntyre PB, Barnes CJ. A Malignancies or lymphoproliferative Hong Kong Special Administrative second Australian case, with a long incuba- Region, rabies was endemic within tion period. Med J Aust. 1992;156:651–4. diseases are often found, especially in the colony at the time that the pa- 3. McColl KA, Gould AR, Selleck PW, elderly patients (1). Bartonella hense- Hooper PT, Westbury HA, Smith JS. tient’s family was resident. From 1980 lae, the main causative agent of cat- Polymerase chain reaction and other labo- scratch disease (CSD), appears to be through 1984, 5 human cases were re- ratory techniques in the diagnosis of long corded (9). Only 2 case-patients had incubation rabies in Australia. Aust Vet the most common organism respon- clear evidence of a dog bite; histories J.
    [Show full text]
  • Expansion of Tick-Borne Rickettsioses in the World
    microorganisms Review Expansion of Tick-Borne Rickettsioses in the World Mariusz Piotrowski * and Anna Rymaszewska Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 September 2020; Accepted: 25 November 2020; Published: 30 November 2020 Abstract: Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia. These infections are among the oldest known diseases transmitted by vectors. In the last three decades there has been a rapid increase in the recognition of this disease complex. This unusual expansion of information was mainly caused by the development of molecular diagnostic techniques that have facilitated the identification of new and previously recognized rickettsiae. A lot of currently known bacteria of the genus Rickettsia have been considered nonpathogenic for years, and moreover, many new species have been identified with unknown pathogenicity. The genus Rickettsia is distributed all over the world. Many Rickettsia species are present on several continents. The geographical distribution of rickettsiae is related to their vectors. New cases of rickettsioses and new locations, where the presence of these bacteria is recognized, are still being identified. The variety and rapid evolution of the distribution and density of ticks and diseases which they transmit shows us the scale of the problem. This review article presents a comparison of the current understanding of the geographic distribution of pathogenic Rickettsia species to that of the beginning of the century. Keywords: Tick-borne rickettsioses; Tick-borne diseases; Rickettsiales 1. Introduction Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group (SFG) of the genus Rickettsia.
    [Show full text]
  • Rickettsia Monacensis As a Cause of a Tick Bite
    a nonpruritic, disseminated maculopapular rash, with no Rickettsia inoculation eschar, of the trunk and lower extremities, in- cluding palms and soles. Other than a slightly low plate- monacensis let count (82,000/mm3), examination fi ndings were within normal limits. MSF was diagnosed, and serum and defi - and Human brinated blood samples were taken before a course of oral doxycycline (100 mg/12 h for 10 d) was initiated. Three Disease, Spain days later, fever and rash were gone without sequelae. Ad- Isabel Jado,* José A. Oteo,† Mikel Aldámiz,‡ ditional serial serum samples were taken during weeks 4, Horacio Gil,* Raquel Escudero,* 13, and 26 after onset and reserved for serologic analysis Valvanera Ibarra,† Joseba Portu,‡ (Table). Aranzazu Portillo,† María J. Lezaun,‡ Patient 2 was a 59-year-old woman from Basque Cristina García-Amil,* Isabel Rodríguez-Moreno,* Country, who sought medical attention on September 20, and Pedro Anda* 2003, 4 days after onset of fever (38ºC), headache, and an erythematous rash, with no inoculation eschar, at the site of We identifi ed Rickettsia monacensis as a cause of a tick bite. The patient reported a history of tick bites, most acute tickborne rickettsiosis in 2 humans. Its pathogenic recently 1 week before symptom onset. Blood cell counts role was assessed by culture and detection of the organism and other blood chemistry values were normal. MSF was in patients’ blood samples. This fi nding increases the num- ber of recognized human rickettsial pathogens and expands diagnosed, and oral doxycycline (100 mg/12 h for 10 d) the known geographic distribution of Mediterranean spotted was prescribed.
    [Show full text]
  • Intraspecies Comparative Genomics of Rickettsia
    AIX ͲMARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ FACULTÉ DE MÉDECINE DE MARSEILLE ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE LA SANTÉ T H È S E Présentée et publiquement soutenue devant LA FACULTÉ DE MÉDECINE DE MARSEILLE Le 13 décembre 2013 Par M. Erwin SENTAUSA Né le 16 décembre 1979 àMalang, Indonésie INTRASPECIES COMPARATIVE GENOMICS OF RICKETTSIA Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTORAT d’AIX ͲMARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ SPÉCIALITÉ :PATHOLOGIE HUMAINE Ͳ MALADIES INFECTIEUSES Membres du Jury de la Thèse : Dr. Patricia RENESTO Rapporteur Pr. Max MAURIN Rapporteur Dr. Florence FENOLLAR Membre du Jury Pr. Pierre ͲEdouard FOURNIER Directeur de thèse Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095 Avant Propos Le format de présentation de cette thèse correspond à une recommandation de la spécialité Maladies Infectieuses et Microbiologie, à l’intérieur du Master de Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé qui dépend de l’Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de la Vie de Marseille. Le candidat est amené àrespecter des règles qui lui sont imposées et qui comportent un format de thèse utilisé dans le Nord de l’Europe permettant un meilleur rangement que les thèses traditionnelles. Par ailleurs, la partie introduction et bibliographie est remplacée par une revue envoyée dans un journal afin de permettre une évaluation extérieure de la qualité de la revue et de permettre àl’étudiant de le commencer le plus tôt possible une bibliographie exhaustive sur le domaine de cette thèse. Par ailleurs, la thèse est présentée sur article publié, accepté ou soumis associé d’un bref commentaire donnant le sens général du travail.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Number Organisms Bacteria/Virus/Archaea Date
    Project_ Accession Organisms Bacteria/Virus/Archaea Date Sanger SOLiD 454_PE 454_SG PGM Illumina Status Number number P01 Bacteria Rickettsia conorii str.Malish 7 2001 Sanger AE006914 Published P02 Bacteria Tropheryma whipplei str.Twist 2003 Sanger AE014184 Published P03 Bacteria Rickettsia felis URRWXCal2 2005 Sanger CP000053 Published P04 Bacteria Rickettsia bellii RML369-C 2006 Sanger CP000087 Published P05 Bacteria Coxiella burnetii CB109 2007 Sanger SOLiD 454_PE AKYP00000000 Published P06 Bacteria Minibacterium massiliensis 2007 Sanger CP000269 Published P07 Bacteria Rickettsia massiliae MTU5 2007 Sanger CP000683 Published P08 Bacteria BaBL=Bête à Bernard Lascola 2007 Illumina In progress P09 Bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii AYE 2006 Sanger CU459141 Published P10 Bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii SDF 2006 Sanger CU468230 Published P11 Bacteria Borrelia duttonii Ly 2008 Sanger CP000976 Published P12 Bacteria Borrelia recurrentis A1 2008 Sanger CP000993 Published P13 Bacteria Francisella tularensis URFT1 2008 454_PE ABAZ00000000Published P14 Bacteria Borrelia crocidurae str. Achema 2009 454_PE PRJNA162335 Published P15 Bacteria Citrobacter koseri 2009 SOLiD 454_PE 454_SG In progress P16 Bacteria Diplorickettsia massiliensis 20B 2009 454_PE PRJNA86907 Published P17 Bacteria Enterobacter aerogenes EA1509E 2009 Sanger FO203355 Published P18 Bacteria Actinomyces grossensis 2012 SOLiD 454_PE 454_SG CAGY00000000Published P19 Bacteria Bacillus massiliosenegalensis 2012 SOLiD 454_PE 454_SG CAHJ00000000 Published P20 Bacteria Brevibacterium senegalensis
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae and Their Association
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Diversity of spotted fever group rickettsiae and their association with host ticks in Japan Received: 31 July 2018 May June Thu1,2, Yongjin Qiu3, Keita Matsuno 4,5, Masahiro Kajihara6, Akina Mori-Kajihara6, Accepted: 14 December 2018 Ryosuke Omori7,8, Naota Monma9, Kazuki Chiba10, Junji Seto11, Mutsuyo Gokuden12, Published: xx xx xxxx Masako Andoh13, Hideo Oosako14, Ken Katakura2, Ayato Takada5,6, Chihiro Sugimoto5,15, Norikazu Isoda1,5 & Ryo Nakao2 Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria mainly associated with ticks. In Japan, several hundred cases of Japanese spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia japonica, are reported annually. Other Rickettsia species are also known to exist in ixodid ticks; however, their phylogenetic position and pathogenic potential are poorly understood. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey on questing ticks to understand the overall diversity of SFG rickettsiae in Japan. Out of 2,189 individuals (19 tick species in 4 genera), 373 (17.0%) samples were positive for Rickettsia spp. as ascertained by real-time PCR amplifcation of the citrate synthase gene (gltA). Conventional PCR and sequencing analyses of gltA indicated the presence of 15 diferent genotypes of SFG rickettsiae. Based on the analysis of fve additional genes, we characterised fve Rickettsia species; R. asiatica, R. helvetica, R. monacensis (formerly reported as Rickettsia sp. In56 in Japan), R. tamurae, and Candidatus R. tarasevichiae and several unclassifed SFG rickettsiae. We also found a strong association between rickettsial genotypes and their host tick species, while there was little association between rickettsial genotypes and their geographical origins.
    [Show full text]