Diversity of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae and Their Association
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Hplc-Uv Quantitation of Folate Synthesized by Rickettsia
HPLC-UV QUANTITATION OF FOLATE SYNTHESIZED BY RICKETTSIA ENDOSYMBIONT IXODES PACIFICUS (REIP) By Junyan Chen A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology Committee Membership Dr. Jianmin Zhong, Committee Chair Dr. David S. Baston, Committee Member Dr. Jenny Cappuccio, Committee Member Dr. Jacob Varkey, Committee Member Dr. Erik Jules, Program Graduate Coordinator December 2017 ABSTRACT HPLC-UV QUANTITATION OF FOLATE SYNTHESIZED BY RICKETTSIA ENDOSYMBIONT IXODES PACIFICUS (REIP) Junyan Chen Ticks are the most important vector of many infectious diseases in the United States. Understanding the nature of the relationship between Rickettsia endosymbiont Ixodes pacificus (REIP) and Exudes pacificus will help develop strategies for the control of tick- borne diseases, such as Lyme disease, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is a necessary vitamin for tick survival, and plays a central role in one-carbon metabolism in cells. Folate exist as a large family of structurally related forms that transfer one-carbon groups among biomolecules that are important to cell growth, differentiation, and survival. In Dr. Zheng’s lab, REIP were cultured in Ixodes scapularis embryonic tick cell line ISE6. Previous research has shown that REIP in Ixodes pacificus carries all five de novo folate biosynthesis genes. Folate biosynthesis mRNAs were detected and all recombinant rickettsial folate proteins were overexpressed. To determine whether REIP synthesize folate, we sought to measure the folate concentration in REIP using HPLC-UV quantification with a Diamond HydrideTM liquid chromatography column. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), the active circulating form of folate in bacteria was detected. -
(Batch Learning Self-Organizing Maps), to the Microbiome Analysis of Ticks
Title A novel approach, based on BLSOMs (Batch Learning Self-Organizing Maps), to the microbiome analysis of ticks Nakao, Ryo; Abe, Takashi; Nijhof, Ard M; Yamamoto, Seigo; Jongejan, Frans; Ikemura, Toshimichi; Sugimoto, Author(s) Chihiro The ISME Journal, 7(5), 1003-1015 Citation https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2012.171 Issue Date 2013-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/53167 Type article (author version) File Information ISME_Nakao.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP A novel approach, based on BLSOMs (Batch Learning Self-Organizing Maps), to the microbiome analysis of ticks Ryo Nakao1,a, Takashi Abe2,3,a, Ard M. Nijhof4, Seigo Yamamoto5, Frans Jongejan6,7, Toshimichi Ikemura2, Chihiro Sugimoto1 1Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan 2Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan 3Graduate School of Science & Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Igarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi- ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan 4Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany 5Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, 2-3-2 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2155, Japan 6Utrecht Centre for Tick-borne Diseases (UCTD), Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands 7Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa aThese authors contributed equally to this work. Keywords: BLSOMs/emerging diseases/metagenomics/microbiomes/symbionts/ticks Running title: Tick microbiomes revealed by BLSOMs Subject category: Microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions Abstract Ticks transmit a variety of viral, bacterial and protozoal pathogens, which are often zoonotic. -
Transition of Serum Cytokine Concentration in Rickettsia Japonica Infection
Article Transition of Serum Cytokine Concentration in Rickettsia japonica Infection Makoto Kondo, Yoshiaki Matsushima, Kento Mizutani, Shohei Iida, Koji Habe and Keiichi Yamanaka * Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (K.M.); [email protected] (S.I.); [email protected] (K.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-59-231-5025; Fax: +81-59-231-5206 Received: 31 October 2020; Accepted: 8 December 2020; Published: 11 December 2020 Abstract: (1) Background. Rickettsia japonica (R. japonica) infection induces severe inflammation, and the disappearance of eosinophil in the acute stage is one of the phenomena. (2) Materials and Methods. In the current study, we measured the serum concentrations of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in the acute and recovery stages. (3) Results. In the acute phase, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were elevated and we speculated that they played a role as a defense mechanism against R. japonica. The high concentration of IFN-γ suppressed the differentiation of eosinophil and induced apoptosis of eosinophil, leading to the disappearance of eosinophil. On day 7, IL-6 and IFN-γ concentrations were decreased, and Th2 cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-9 were slightly increased. On day 14, eosinophil count recovered to the normal level. The transition of serum cytokine concentration in R. japonica infection was presented. (4) Conclusions. -
Case Report: Coinfection with Rickettsia Monacensis and Orientia Tsutsugamushi
Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 101(2), 2019, pp. 332–335 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0631 Copyright © 2019 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Case Report: Coinfection with Rickettsia monacensis and Orientia tsutsugamushi Seok Won Kim,1† Choon-Mee Kim,2† Dong-Min Kim,3* and Na Ra Yun3 1Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 2Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Abstract. Rickettsia monacensis and Orientia tsutsugamushi are bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae, which causes fever, rash, and eschar formation; outdoor activities are a risk factor for Rickettsiaceae infection. A 75-year-old woman presented with fever, rash, and eschar and was confirmed as being scrub typhus based on a nested-polymerase chain reaction (N-PCR) test for a 56-kDa gene of O. tsutsugamushi; the genome was identified as the Boryong genotype. In addition, a pan-Rickettsia real-time PCR test was positive and a N-PCR test using a Rickettsia-specific partial outer membrane protein A (rOmpA) confirmed R. monacensis. This is the first case wherein a patient suspected of having scrub typhus owing to the presence of rash and eschar was also found to be coinfected with O. tsutsugamushi and R. monacensis based on molecular testing. INTRODUCTION leukocyte count, 7,200/mm3; hemoglobin, 11.6 g/dL; platelet count, 232,000/mm3; and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 31 Rickettsia monacensis is a pathogen that causes spotted mm/hours. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels were fever group rickettsial infection; the main symptoms of in- elevated at 9.26 mg/dL and 0.836 ng/mL (0–0.5 ng/mL), re- fection include fever, headache, and myalgia, as well as es- 1 spectively. -
Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Disease Name Class A, Requires Immediate Phone Call to Local Health
Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Reporting specifics for select diseases reportable by ELR Class A, requires immediate phone Susceptibilities specimen type Reportable test name (can change if Disease Name other specifics+ call to local health required* specifics~ state/federal case definition or department reporting requirements change) Culture independent diagnostic tests' (CIDT), like BioFire panel or BD MAX, E. histolytica Stain specimen = stool, bile results should be sent as E. histolytica DNA fluid, duodenal fluid, 260373001^DETECTED^SCT with E. histolytica Antigen Amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica) No No tissue large intestine, disease/organism-specific DNA LOINC E. histolytica Antibody tissue small intestine codes OR a generic CIDT-LOINC code E. histolytica IgM with organism-specific DNA SNOMED E. histolytica IgG codes E. histolytica Total Antibody Ova and Parasite Anthrax Antibody Anthrax Antigen Anthrax EITB Acute Anthrax EITB Convalescent Anthrax Yes No Culture ELISA PCR Stain/microscopy Stain/spore ID Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus Antibody Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus IgG Antibody Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus IgM Arboviral neuroinvasive and non- Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus RNA neuroinvasive disease: Eastern equine California serogroup virus Antibody encephalitis virus disease; LaCrosse Equivocal results are accepted for all California serogroup virus IgG Antibody virus disease (other California arborviral diseases; California serogroup virus IgM Antibody specimen = blood, serum, serogroup -
Expansion of Tick-Borne Rickettsioses in the World
microorganisms Review Expansion of Tick-Borne Rickettsioses in the World Mariusz Piotrowski * and Anna Rymaszewska Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 September 2020; Accepted: 25 November 2020; Published: 30 November 2020 Abstract: Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia. These infections are among the oldest known diseases transmitted by vectors. In the last three decades there has been a rapid increase in the recognition of this disease complex. This unusual expansion of information was mainly caused by the development of molecular diagnostic techniques that have facilitated the identification of new and previously recognized rickettsiae. A lot of currently known bacteria of the genus Rickettsia have been considered nonpathogenic for years, and moreover, many new species have been identified with unknown pathogenicity. The genus Rickettsia is distributed all over the world. Many Rickettsia species are present on several continents. The geographical distribution of rickettsiae is related to their vectors. New cases of rickettsioses and new locations, where the presence of these bacteria is recognized, are still being identified. The variety and rapid evolution of the distribution and density of ticks and diseases which they transmit shows us the scale of the problem. This review article presents a comparison of the current understanding of the geographic distribution of pathogenic Rickettsia species to that of the beginning of the century. Keywords: Tick-borne rickettsioses; Tick-borne diseases; Rickettsiales 1. Introduction Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group (SFG) of the genus Rickettsia. -
Rickettsia Monacensis As a Cause of a Tick Bite
a nonpruritic, disseminated maculopapular rash, with no Rickettsia inoculation eschar, of the trunk and lower extremities, in- cluding palms and soles. Other than a slightly low plate- monacensis let count (82,000/mm3), examination fi ndings were within normal limits. MSF was diagnosed, and serum and defi - and Human brinated blood samples were taken before a course of oral doxycycline (100 mg/12 h for 10 d) was initiated. Three Disease, Spain days later, fever and rash were gone without sequelae. Ad- Isabel Jado,* José A. Oteo,† Mikel Aldámiz,‡ ditional serial serum samples were taken during weeks 4, Horacio Gil,* Raquel Escudero,* 13, and 26 after onset and reserved for serologic analysis Valvanera Ibarra,† Joseba Portu,‡ (Table). Aranzazu Portillo,† María J. Lezaun,‡ Patient 2 was a 59-year-old woman from Basque Cristina García-Amil,* Isabel Rodríguez-Moreno,* Country, who sought medical attention on September 20, and Pedro Anda* 2003, 4 days after onset of fever (38ºC), headache, and an erythematous rash, with no inoculation eschar, at the site of We identifi ed Rickettsia monacensis as a cause of a tick bite. The patient reported a history of tick bites, most acute tickborne rickettsiosis in 2 humans. Its pathogenic recently 1 week before symptom onset. Blood cell counts role was assessed by culture and detection of the organism and other blood chemistry values were normal. MSF was in patients’ blood samples. This fi nding increases the num- ber of recognized human rickettsial pathogens and expands diagnosed, and oral doxycycline (100 mg/12 h for 10 d) the known geographic distribution of Mediterranean spotted was prescribed. -
Molecular Detection and Identification of Rickettsiales Pathogens in Dog Ticks from Costa Rica
Accepted Manuscript Title: Molecular detection and identification of Rickettsiales pathogens in dog ticks from Costa Rica Author: Liliana Campos-Calderon´ Leyda Abrego-S´ anchez´ Antony Solorzano-Morales´ Alberto Alberti Gessica Tore Rosanna Zobba Ana E. Jimenez-Rocha´ Gaby Dolz PII: S1877-959X(16)30120-0 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.07.015 Reference: TTBDIS 700 To appear in: Received date: 29-2-2016 Revised date: 1-7-2016 Accepted date: 24-7-2016 Please cite this article as: Campos-Calderon,´ Liliana, Abrego-S´ anchez,´ Leyda, Solorzano-Morales,´ Antony, Alberti, Alberto, Tore, Gessica, Zobba, Rosanna, Jimenez-Rocha,´ Ana E., Dolz, Gaby, Molecular detection and identification of Rickettsiales pathogens in dog ticks from Costa Rica.Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.07.015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Molecular detection and identification of Rickettsiales pathogens in dog ticks from Costa Rica Liliana Campos-Calderóna, Leyda Ábrego-Sánchezb, Antony Solórzano- Moralesa, Alberto Albertic, Gessica Torec, Rosanna Zobbac, Ana E. Jiménez- Rochaa, Gaby Dolza,b,* aEscuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Campus Benjamín Núñez, Barreal de Heredia, Costa Rica ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected]). -
Rickettsia Spp. in Bats of Romania: High Prevalence of Rickettsia Monacensis in Two Insectivorous Bat Species Ioana A
Matei et al. Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:107 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04592-x Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Rickettsia spp. in bats of Romania: high prevalence of Rickettsia monacensis in two insectivorous bat species Ioana A. Matei1*† , Alexandra Corduneanu2†, Attila D. Sándor2,3, Angela Monica Ionica2,4, Luciana Panait2, Zsuzsa Kalmár2, Talida Ivan5, Ionel Papuc5, Cosmina Bouari1, Nicodim Fit1 and Andrei Daniel Mihalca2 Abstract Background: Spotted fever group rickettsiae represent one of the most diverse groups of vector-borne bacteria, with several human pathogenic species showing an emerging trend worldwide. Most species are vectored by ticks (Ixodidae), with many zoonotic reservoir species among most terrestrial vertebrate groups. While the reservoir compe- tence of many diferent vertebrate species is well known (e.g. birds, rodents and dogs), studies on insectivorous bats have been rarely performed despite their high species diversity, ubiquitous urban presence and importance in har- boring zoonotic disease agents. Romania has a high diversity and ubiquity of bats. Moreover, seven out of eight SFG rickettsiae species with zoonotic potential were previously reported in Romania. Based on this, the aim of this study was to detect Rickettsia species in tissue samples in bats. Methods: Here we report a large-scale study (322 bats belonging to 20 species) on the presence of Rickettsia spp. in Romanian bat species. Tissue samples from insectivorous bats were tested for the presence of Rickettsia DNA using PCR detection amplifying a 381 bp fragment of the gltA gene. Positive results were sequenced to confrm the results. The obtained results were statistically analyzed by chi-squared independence test. -
Diversity in Ticks (Acari) of West Bengal
Rec. zoo I. Surv. India: 99 (Part 1-'4) : 65-74, 2001 DIVERSITY IN TICKS (ACARI) OF WEST BENGAL A. K. SANYAL & S. K. DE Zoological Survey ofIndia, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata~700 053. INTRODUCTION The ticks are a small group of acarines under the order Metastigmata or Ixodida. They occur throughout the world, but are more frequently encountered in tropical and subtropical realms. They are grouped into three families vig., Argasidae or soft ticks. Ixodidae or hard ticks and Nuttalliellidae (known only from Africa). The ticks show morphological characters typical of other acari, but their peculiarities and greater size (2,000 J.UIl to over 30,000 J.UIl) clearly distinguish them from most other acarines. Besides, there are certain characters which are present and distinct throughout the ontogeny of ticks. A hypostome anned with retrose teeth serves to anchor the tick to its host. A complex sensory setal field, Haller's organ, is located on the dorsal side of tarsus-lin all postembryonic stages, providing sites for contact or olfactory chemoreception. Other distinguishing features are : a pair of stigmata situated posterior to coxa IV or dorsal to coxa llI-IV, palp with only three or four segments, chelicera 2-segmented, digits of chelicerae working in horizontal plane with their dentate faces directed externally. The argasid ticks are non-scutate with leathery integument, sexual dimorphism slight, spiracles small and anterior to coxa-IV and pads, porose areas and festoon are absent. The ixodid ticks are scutate with tenninal capitulum, sexual dimorphism well marked, spiracles posterior to coxa-IV and pads, porose areas and festoon are present. -
A Streamlined Method for Transposon Mutagenesis of Rickettsia Parkeri
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/277160; this version posted March 8, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 A streamlined method for transposon mutagenesis of 2 Rickettsia parkeri yields numerous mutations that 3 impact infection 4 5 Rebecca L. Lamason1,#a,*, Natasha M. Kafai1,#b, and Matthew D. Welch1* 6 7 8 1 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, 9 CA 10 #a Current address: Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 11 Cambridge, MA 12 #b Current address: Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University in St. 13 Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 14 15 16 17 18 * Co-corresponding authors 19 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 20 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/277160; this version posted March 8, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 21 Abstract 22 The rickettsiae are obligate intracellular alphaproteobacteria that exhibit a complex 23 infectious life cycle in both arthropod and mammalian hosts. As obligate intracellular 24 bacteria, Rickettsia are highly adapted to living inside a variety of host cells, including 25 vascular endothelial cells during mammalian infection. Although it is assumed that the 26 rickettsiae produce numerous virulence factors that usurp or disrupt various host cell 27 pathways, they have been challenging to genetically manipulate to identify the key 28 bacterial factors that contribute to infection. -
Molecular Detection of Pathogens in Ticks and Fleas Collected from Companion
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.27.118554; this version posted May 27, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Molecular detection of pathogens in ticks and fleas collected from companion 2 dogs and cats in East and Southeast Asia 3 4 Viet-Linh Nguyen1, Vito Colella1,2, Grazia Greco1, Fang Fang3, Wisnu Nurcahyo4, Upik 5 Kesumawati Hadi5, Virginia Venturina6, Kenneth Boon Yew Tong7, Yi-Lun Tsai8, Piyanan 6 Taweethavonsawat9, Saruda Tiwananthagorn10, Sahatchai Tangtrongsup10, Thong Quang Le11, 7 Khanh Linh Bui12, Thom Do13, Malaika Watanabe14, Puteri Azaziah Megat Abd Rani14, Filipe 8 Dantas-Torres1,15, Lenaig Halos16, Frederic Beugnet16, Domenico Otranto1,17* 9 10 1Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy. 11 2Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 12 3School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China. 13 4Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakata, Indonesia. 14 5Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. 15 6College of Veterinary Science & Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Nueva Ecija, 16 Philippines. 17 7Animal & Avian Veterinary Clinic, Singapore. 18 8Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 19 Pingtung, Taiwan. 20 9Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chualalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. 21 10Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 22 11Faculty of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh city, 23 Vietnam.