Paradoxical Evolution of Rickettsial Genomes
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Community Analysis of Microbial Sharing and Specialization in A
Downloaded from http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on March 15, 2017 Community analysis of microbial sharing rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org and specialization in a Costa Rican ant–plant–hemipteran symbiosis Elizabeth G. Pringle1,2 and Corrie S. Moreau3 Research 1Department of Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Cite this article: Pringle EG, Moreau CS. 2017 Reno, NV 89557, USA 2Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Community analysis of microbial sharing and 3Department of Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, specialization in a Costa Rican ant–plant– Chicago, IL 60605, USA hemipteran symbiosis. Proc. R. Soc. B 284: EGP, 0000-0002-4398-9272 20162770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2770 Ants have long been renowned for their intimate mutualisms with tropho- bionts and plants and more recently appreciated for their widespread and diverse interactions with microbes. An open question in symbiosis research is the extent to which environmental influence, including the exchange of Received: 14 December 2016 microbes between interacting macroorganisms, affects the composition and Accepted: 17 January 2017 function of symbiotic microbial communities. Here we approached this ques- tion by investigating symbiosis within symbiosis. Ant–plant–hemipteran symbioses are hallmarks of tropical ecosystems that produce persistent close contact among the macroorganism partners, which then have substantial opportunity to exchange symbiotic microbes. We used metabarcoding and Subject Category: quantitative PCR to examine community structure of both bacteria and Ecology fungi in a Neotropical ant–plant–scale-insect symbiosis. Both phloem-feed- ing scale insects and honeydew-feeding ants make use of microbial Subject Areas: symbionts to subsist on phloem-derived diets of suboptimal nutritional qual- ecology, evolution, microbiology ity. -
Characterization of the Interaction Between R. Conorii and Human
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 4-5-2018 Characterization of the Interaction Between R. Conorii and Human Host Vitronectin in Rickettsial Pathogenesis Abigail Inez Fish Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Bacteria Commons, Bacteriology Commons, Biology Commons, Immunology of Infectious Disease Commons, and the Pathogenic Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Fish, Abigail Inez, "Characterization of the Interaction Between R. Conorii and Human Host Vitronectin in Rickettsial Pathogenesis" (2018). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 4566. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4566 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN R. CONORII AND HUMAN HOST VITRONECTIN IN RICKETTSIAL PATHOGENESIS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdepartmental Program in Biomedical and Veterinary Medical Sciences Through the Department of Pathobiological Sciences by Abigail Inez -
Sanguineus Bacterial Communities Rhipicephalus
Composition and Seasonal Variation of Rhipicephalus turanicus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus Bacterial Communities Itai Lalzar, Shimon Harrus, Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu and Yuval Gottlieb Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2012, 78(12):4110. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00323-12. Published Ahead of Print 30 March 2012. Downloaded from Updated information and services can be found at: http://aem.asm.org/content/78/12/4110 These include: SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Supplemental material http://aem.asm.org/ REFERENCES This article cites 44 articles, 17 of which can be accessed free at: http://aem.asm.org/content/78/12/4110#ref-list-1 CONTENT ALERTS Receive: RSS Feeds, eTOCs, free email alerts (when new articles cite this article), more» on June 10, 2013 by guest Information about commercial reprint orders: http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml To subscribe to to another ASM Journal go to: http://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/ Composition and Seasonal Variation of Rhipicephalus turanicus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus Bacterial Communities Itai Lalzar,a Shimon Harrus,a Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu,b and Yuval Gottlieba Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel,a and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israelb A 16S rRNA gene approach, including 454 pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR), was used to describe the bacterial com- munity in Rhipicephalus turanicus and to evaluate the dynamics of key bacterial tenants of adult ticks during the active questing season. -
Case Report: Coinfection with Rickettsia Monacensis and Orientia Tsutsugamushi
Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 101(2), 2019, pp. 332–335 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0631 Copyright © 2019 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Case Report: Coinfection with Rickettsia monacensis and Orientia tsutsugamushi Seok Won Kim,1† Choon-Mee Kim,2† Dong-Min Kim,3* and Na Ra Yun3 1Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 2Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea Abstract. Rickettsia monacensis and Orientia tsutsugamushi are bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae, which causes fever, rash, and eschar formation; outdoor activities are a risk factor for Rickettsiaceae infection. A 75-year-old woman presented with fever, rash, and eschar and was confirmed as being scrub typhus based on a nested-polymerase chain reaction (N-PCR) test for a 56-kDa gene of O. tsutsugamushi; the genome was identified as the Boryong genotype. In addition, a pan-Rickettsia real-time PCR test was positive and a N-PCR test using a Rickettsia-specific partial outer membrane protein A (rOmpA) confirmed R. monacensis. This is the first case wherein a patient suspected of having scrub typhus owing to the presence of rash and eschar was also found to be coinfected with O. tsutsugamushi and R. monacensis based on molecular testing. INTRODUCTION leukocyte count, 7,200/mm3; hemoglobin, 11.6 g/dL; platelet count, 232,000/mm3; and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 31 Rickettsia monacensis is a pathogen that causes spotted mm/hours. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels were fever group rickettsial infection; the main symptoms of in- elevated at 9.26 mg/dL and 0.836 ng/mL (0–0.5 ng/mL), re- fection include fever, headache, and myalgia, as well as es- 1 spectively. -
(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and the Bat Soft Tick Argas Vespe
Zhao et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-3885-x Parasites & Vectors SHORT REPORT Open Access Rickettsiae in the common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and the bat soft tick Argas vespertilionis (Ixodida: Argasidae) Shuo Zhao1†, Meihua Yang2†, Gang Liu1†, Sándor Hornok3, Shanshan Zhao1, Chunli Sang1, Wenbo Tan1 and Yuanzhi Wang1* Abstract Background: Increasing molecular evidence supports that bats and/or their ectoparasites may harbor vector-borne bacteria, such as bartonellae and borreliae. However, the simultaneous occurrence of rickettsiae in bats and bat ticks has been poorly studied. Methods: In this study, 54 bat carcasses and their infesting soft ticks (n 67) were collected in Shihezi City, north- western China. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, small intestine and large= intestine of bats were dissected, followed by DNA extraction. Soft ticks were identifed both morphologically and molecularly. All samples were examined for the presence of rickettsiae by amplifying four genetic markers (17-kDa, gltA, ompA and ompB). Results: All bats were identifed as Pipistrellus pipistrellus, and their ticks as Argas vespertilionis. Molecular analyses showed that DNA of Rickettsia parkeri, R. lusitaniae, R. slovaca and R. raoultii was present in bat organs/tissues. In addition, nine of the 67 bat soft ticks (13.43%) were positive for R. raoultii (n 5) and R. rickettsii (n 4). In the phylo- genetic analysis, these bat-associated rickettsiae clustered together with conspecifc= sequences reported= from other host and tick species, confrming the above results. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, DNA of R. parkeri, R. slovaca and R. -
Genome Project Reveals a Putative Rickettsial Endosymbiont
GBE Bacterial DNA Sifted from the Trichoplax adhaerens (Animalia: Placozoa) Genome Project Reveals a Putative Rickettsial Endosymbiont Timothy Driscoll1,y, Joseph J. Gillespie1,2,*,y, Eric K. Nordberg1,AbduF.Azad2, and Bruno W. Sobral1,3 1Virginia Bioinformatics Institute at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine 3Present address: Nestle´ Institute of Health Sciences SA, Campus EPFL, Quartier de L’innovation, Lausanne, Switzerland *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. yThese authors contributed equally to this work. Accepted: March 1, 2013 Abstract Eukaryotic genome sequencing projects often yield bacterial DNA sequences, data typically considered as microbial contamination. However, these sequences may also indicate either symbiont genes or lateral gene transfer (LGT) to host genomes. These bacterial sequences can provide clues about eukaryote–microbe interactions. Here, we used the genome of the primitive animal Trichoplax adhaerens (Metazoa: Placozoa), which is known to harbor an uncharacterized Gram-negative endosymbiont, to search for the presence of bacterial DNA sequences. Bioinformatic and phylogenomic analyses of extracted data from the genome assembly (181 bacterial coding sequences [CDS]) and trace read archive (16S rDNA) revealed a dominant proteobacterial profile strongly skewed to Rickettsiales (Alphaproteobacteria) genomes. By way of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA and 113 proteins conserved across proteobacterial genomes, as well as identification of 27 rickettsial signature genes, we propose a Rickettsiales endosymbiont of T. adhaerens (RETA). The majority (93%) of the identified bacterial CDS belongs to small scaffolds containing prokaryotic-like genes; however, 12 CDS were identified on large scaffolds comprised of eukaryotic-like genes, suggesting that T. -
Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Disease Name Class A, Requires Immediate Phone Call to Local Health
Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Reporting specifics for select diseases reportable by ELR Class A, requires immediate phone Susceptibilities specimen type Reportable test name (can change if Disease Name other specifics+ call to local health required* specifics~ state/federal case definition or department reporting requirements change) Culture independent diagnostic tests' (CIDT), like BioFire panel or BD MAX, E. histolytica Stain specimen = stool, bile results should be sent as E. histolytica DNA fluid, duodenal fluid, 260373001^DETECTED^SCT with E. histolytica Antigen Amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica) No No tissue large intestine, disease/organism-specific DNA LOINC E. histolytica Antibody tissue small intestine codes OR a generic CIDT-LOINC code E. histolytica IgM with organism-specific DNA SNOMED E. histolytica IgG codes E. histolytica Total Antibody Ova and Parasite Anthrax Antibody Anthrax Antigen Anthrax EITB Acute Anthrax EITB Convalescent Anthrax Yes No Culture ELISA PCR Stain/microscopy Stain/spore ID Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus Antibody Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus IgG Antibody Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus IgM Arboviral neuroinvasive and non- Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus RNA neuroinvasive disease: Eastern equine California serogroup virus Antibody encephalitis virus disease; LaCrosse Equivocal results are accepted for all California serogroup virus IgG Antibody virus disease (other California arborviral diseases; California serogroup virus IgM Antibody specimen = blood, serum, serogroup -
Expansion of Tick-Borne Rickettsioses in the World
microorganisms Review Expansion of Tick-Borne Rickettsioses in the World Mariusz Piotrowski * and Anna Rymaszewska Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 September 2020; Accepted: 25 November 2020; Published: 30 November 2020 Abstract: Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia. These infections are among the oldest known diseases transmitted by vectors. In the last three decades there has been a rapid increase in the recognition of this disease complex. This unusual expansion of information was mainly caused by the development of molecular diagnostic techniques that have facilitated the identification of new and previously recognized rickettsiae. A lot of currently known bacteria of the genus Rickettsia have been considered nonpathogenic for years, and moreover, many new species have been identified with unknown pathogenicity. The genus Rickettsia is distributed all over the world. Many Rickettsia species are present on several continents. The geographical distribution of rickettsiae is related to their vectors. New cases of rickettsioses and new locations, where the presence of these bacteria is recognized, are still being identified. The variety and rapid evolution of the distribution and density of ticks and diseases which they transmit shows us the scale of the problem. This review article presents a comparison of the current understanding of the geographic distribution of pathogenic Rickettsia species to that of the beginning of the century. Keywords: Tick-borne rickettsioses; Tick-borne diseases; Rickettsiales 1. Introduction Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group (SFG) of the genus Rickettsia. -
Gene Gain and Loss Events in Rickettsia and Orientia Species Kalliopi Georgiades1,2, Vicky Merhej1, Khalid El Karkouri1, Didier Raoult1, Pierre Pontarotti2*
Georgiades et al. Biology Direct 2011, 6:6 http://www.biology-direct.com/content/6/1/6 RESEARCH Open Access Gene gain and loss events in Rickettsia and Orientia species Kalliopi Georgiades1,2, Vicky Merhej1, Khalid El Karkouri1, Didier Raoult1, Pierre Pontarotti2* Abstract Background: Genome degradation is an ongoing process in all members of the Rickettsiales order, which makes these bacterial species an excellent model for studying reductive evolution through interspecies variation in genome size and gene content. In this study, we evaluated the degree to which gene loss shaped the content of some Rickettsiales genomes. We shed light on the role played by horizontal gene transfers in the genome evolution of Rickettsiales. Results: Our phylogenomic tree, based on whole-genome content, presented a topology distinct from that of the whole core gene concatenated phylogenetic tree, suggesting that the gene repertoires involved have different evolutionary histories. Indeed, we present evidence for 3 possible horizontal gene transfer events from various organisms to Orientia and 6 to Rickettsia spp., while we also identified 3 possible horizontal gene transfer events from Rickettsia and Orientia to other bacteria. We found 17 putative genes in Rickettsia spp. that are probably the result of de novo gene creation; 2 of these genes appear to be functional. On the basis of these results, we were able to reconstruct the gene repertoires of “proto-Rickettsiales” and “proto-Rickettsiaceae”, which correspond to the ancestors of Rickettsiales and Rickettsiaceae, respectively. Finally, we found that 2,135 genes were lost during the evolution of the Rickettsiaceae to an intracellular lifestyle. Conclusions: Our phylogenetic analysis allowed us to track the gene gain and loss events occurring in bacterial genomes during their evolution from a free-living to an intracellular lifestyle. -
Rickettsia Monacensis As a Cause of a Tick Bite
a nonpruritic, disseminated maculopapular rash, with no Rickettsia inoculation eschar, of the trunk and lower extremities, in- cluding palms and soles. Other than a slightly low plate- monacensis let count (82,000/mm3), examination fi ndings were within normal limits. MSF was diagnosed, and serum and defi - and Human brinated blood samples were taken before a course of oral doxycycline (100 mg/12 h for 10 d) was initiated. Three Disease, Spain days later, fever and rash were gone without sequelae. Ad- Isabel Jado,* José A. Oteo,† Mikel Aldámiz,‡ ditional serial serum samples were taken during weeks 4, Horacio Gil,* Raquel Escudero,* 13, and 26 after onset and reserved for serologic analysis Valvanera Ibarra,† Joseba Portu,‡ (Table). Aranzazu Portillo,† María J. Lezaun,‡ Patient 2 was a 59-year-old woman from Basque Cristina García-Amil,* Isabel Rodríguez-Moreno,* Country, who sought medical attention on September 20, and Pedro Anda* 2003, 4 days after onset of fever (38ºC), headache, and an erythematous rash, with no inoculation eschar, at the site of We identifi ed Rickettsia monacensis as a cause of a tick bite. The patient reported a history of tick bites, most acute tickborne rickettsiosis in 2 humans. Its pathogenic recently 1 week before symptom onset. Blood cell counts role was assessed by culture and detection of the organism and other blood chemistry values were normal. MSF was in patients’ blood samples. This fi nding increases the num- ber of recognized human rickettsial pathogens and expands diagnosed, and oral doxycycline (100 mg/12 h for 10 d) the known geographic distribution of Mediterranean spotted was prescribed. -
Molecular Detection and Identification of Rickettsiales Pathogens in Dog Ticks from Costa Rica
Accepted Manuscript Title: Molecular detection and identification of Rickettsiales pathogens in dog ticks from Costa Rica Author: Liliana Campos-Calderon´ Leyda Abrego-S´ anchez´ Antony Solorzano-Morales´ Alberto Alberti Gessica Tore Rosanna Zobba Ana E. Jimenez-Rocha´ Gaby Dolz PII: S1877-959X(16)30120-0 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.07.015 Reference: TTBDIS 700 To appear in: Received date: 29-2-2016 Revised date: 1-7-2016 Accepted date: 24-7-2016 Please cite this article as: Campos-Calderon,´ Liliana, Abrego-S´ anchez,´ Leyda, Solorzano-Morales,´ Antony, Alberti, Alberto, Tore, Gessica, Zobba, Rosanna, Jimenez-Rocha,´ Ana E., Dolz, Gaby, Molecular detection and identification of Rickettsiales pathogens in dog ticks from Costa Rica.Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.07.015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Molecular detection and identification of Rickettsiales pathogens in dog ticks from Costa Rica Liliana Campos-Calderóna, Leyda Ábrego-Sánchezb, Antony Solórzano- Moralesa, Alberto Albertic, Gessica Torec, Rosanna Zobbac, Ana E. Jiménez- Rochaa, Gaby Dolza,b,* aEscuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Campus Benjamín Núñez, Barreal de Heredia, Costa Rica ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected]). -
Rickettsia Spp. in Bats of Romania: High Prevalence of Rickettsia Monacensis in Two Insectivorous Bat Species Ioana A
Matei et al. Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:107 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04592-x Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Rickettsia spp. in bats of Romania: high prevalence of Rickettsia monacensis in two insectivorous bat species Ioana A. Matei1*† , Alexandra Corduneanu2†, Attila D. Sándor2,3, Angela Monica Ionica2,4, Luciana Panait2, Zsuzsa Kalmár2, Talida Ivan5, Ionel Papuc5, Cosmina Bouari1, Nicodim Fit1 and Andrei Daniel Mihalca2 Abstract Background: Spotted fever group rickettsiae represent one of the most diverse groups of vector-borne bacteria, with several human pathogenic species showing an emerging trend worldwide. Most species are vectored by ticks (Ixodidae), with many zoonotic reservoir species among most terrestrial vertebrate groups. While the reservoir compe- tence of many diferent vertebrate species is well known (e.g. birds, rodents and dogs), studies on insectivorous bats have been rarely performed despite their high species diversity, ubiquitous urban presence and importance in har- boring zoonotic disease agents. Romania has a high diversity and ubiquity of bats. Moreover, seven out of eight SFG rickettsiae species with zoonotic potential were previously reported in Romania. Based on this, the aim of this study was to detect Rickettsia species in tissue samples in bats. Methods: Here we report a large-scale study (322 bats belonging to 20 species) on the presence of Rickettsia spp. in Romanian bat species. Tissue samples from insectivorous bats were tested for the presence of Rickettsia DNA using PCR detection amplifying a 381 bp fragment of the gltA gene. Positive results were sequenced to confrm the results. The obtained results were statistically analyzed by chi-squared independence test.