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Siphoninus Phillyreae (Haliday) (Hemiptera

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Siphoninus Phillyreae (Haliday) (Hemiptera SIPHONINUS PHILLYREAE (HALIDAY) (HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA: ALEYRODIDAE) AND ITS PARASITOID, ENCARSIA INARON (WALKER) (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE): TWO NEW RECORDS OF INSECTS FOR MEXICO Author(s): Svetlana N. Myartseva Source: Entomological News, 117(4):451-454. Published By: The American Entomological Society https://doi.org/10.3157/0013-872X(2006)117[451:SPHHSA]2.0.CO;2 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3157/0013-872X%282006%29117%5B451%3ASPHHSA%5D2.0.CO%3B2 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. 450 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Volume 117, Number 4, September and October 2006 451 TL 8.7, HL 1.88 HW 1.54 (CI 82), ML 0.59 (MI 31), eye L 0.48, apical anten- SCIENTIFIC NOTE nomere L 0.47, SL 1.98 (SI 129), WL 3.08, petiole L 0.66, hind femur L 2.87 mm. The range of measurements of the specimens reported here from Colombia SIPHONINUS PHILLYREAE (HALIDAY) are very similar to those reported by Kugler and Brown (1982) for the MCZ syn- (HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA: ALEYRODIDAE) type. This supports the status of E. confine as a distinct species separate from E. AND ITS PARASITOID, ENCARSIA INARON (WALKER) ruidum. (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE): TWO NEW RECORDS OF INSECTS FOR MEXICO1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Svetlana N. Myartseva2 I wish to thank Fabio Lozano (Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt), manager of the project “Hormigas Cazadoras de Colombia,” Dr. Thomas Pape (Swedish During the last eight years, the author has been studying and rearing parasitic Museum of Natural History, Stockholm), Dr. William Mackay (University of Texas, El Paso, Texas, U.S.A.) and Diana Arias (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Distrito Capital) for their wasps of the family Aphelinidae in Mexico. The most common hosts of aphelin- comments and suggestions. Additional acknowledgements go to the late Dr. Stefan Schödl, Natur- ids belong to the Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae, Coccidae but some species parasitize historisches Museum Wien, for information on the E. confine type series and Dr. Fernando Fernández Aphididae, Pseudococcidae, and other Hemiptera. As a result of this work, much of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) Universidad Nacional de Colombia, for the loan of mate- more information is now known regarding the biodiversity of parasitic wasps and rial. their host-relationships in Mexico. Thirty new species of Aphelinidae, Encyrti- dae, and Eulophidae have been described from Mexico by Myartseva and Ruíz- LITERATURE CITED Cancino, 2000; Myartseva, et al., 2004) and several new distribution records of Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Ento- mological Institute 71:1–370. exotic species of parasitic wasps in Mexico or in separate states (Coronado Blanco et al., 2005) have been documented. The number of species of Brown, W. L. 1958. Contribution toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 118, 175–362. Aphelinidae known to occur in Mexico increased from 74 species in 2000 to 95 species in 2004. Kempf, W. W. 1962. Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. VI. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica (n.s) 5: 1–38. A previously unrecorded whitefly species (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) was Kempf, W. W. 1975. Miscellaneous studies on Neotropical ants. VI. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). collected in Mexico during 2005-2006 in the following two localities in the state Studia Entomologica (n.s) 18:341–380. of Tamaulipas: Municipality Guémez on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) in May 2005 and Kugler, C. and W. Brown 1982. Revisionary and other studies on the ant genus Ectatomma, in- Ciudad Victoria on Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) and Fraxinus spp. (Olea- cluding the descriptions of two new species. Search: Agriculture (Ithaca, NewYork, U.S.A.) ceae) in January-February 2006. Usually, Fraxinus are shadow trees on the 24:1–8. streets of Ciudad Victoria. Leaves infested with whitefly pupae were transferred Mann, W. M. 1916. The Stanford Expedition to Brazil, 1911, John C. Branner, Director. The Ants to the laboratory for rearing of their parasitoids. Specimens were collected and of Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 60:399–490, pls. 1–7. preserved using standard entomological methods for parasitic wasps following Mayr, G. 1870. Formicidae novogranadenses. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissen- Noyes (1982), with some modifications. All specimens (whitefly adults and schaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien Abteilung I, 61: 370– pupae, and the parasitoids) are deposited in the Entomological collection of 417, 1 pl. Universidad Autònoma de Tamaulipas in Ciudad Victoria, Mexico. Parasitoid Weber, N. A. 1946. Two common ponerine ants of possible economic significance, Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier) and E. ruidum Roger. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Wash- species were identified using recently published keys and revisions of the species ington 48:1–16. of the Aphelinidae. ______________________________ 1 Received on March 8, 2006. Accepted on March 30, 2006. 2 División de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria, Agro- nomía y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87149 Tamaulipas, México. E-mail smyartse@ uat.edu.mx. Mailed on December 8, 2006 452 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Volume 117, Number 4, September and October 2006 453 This whitefly species was later confirmed as Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday, collected in locations indicated above. The latter species is a common hyperpar- 1835) based on the morphological characteristics and illustrations of the pupari- asite of many whitefly species in Mexico. um given in Martin (1987), as well as my familiarity with this species from the It is very likely that S. phillyreae entered northeastern Mexico from southern previous collections and studies in Turkmenistan (Myartseva et al., 1998). U.S.A. but an accidental self-introduction from the Old World is also possible. Siphoninus phillyreae, commonly known as the ash whitefly or pomegranate The parasitoid, E. inaron, was apparently introduced together with its host. Both whitefly (in English), or “la mosca blanca del Fresno,” or “mosca blanca del are newly recorded in Mexico, and this is the first record of the association of granado” (in Spanish) is an Old World species that now occurs in most geo- Signiphora aleyrodis with the ash whitefly. graphical regions of the world. Its distribution in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia has been well documented (Martin, 1987, 1999; Martin et al., 2000; Kozar and Bink-Moenen, 1988; Evans and Hamon 2002). It was accidentally ACKNOWLEDGMENTS introduced into the Western Hemisphere about twenty-five years ago (Bellows et I thank Dr. Gregory A. Evans for reviewing an earlier draft of the manuscript. Many thanks to all al., 1990). the colleagues who critically reviewed this paper. I thank also my friend Dr. Dmitri R. Kasparyan for Siphoninus phillyreae is a highly polyphagous whitefly species, reported to his initial collection of the whitefly and help in collecting other hemipteran insects in Mexico for occur on many ornamental and fruit plants in the families Oleaceae, Rosaceae, rearing their parasitoids. Punicaceae, and Rutaceae (Mound and Halsey, 1978; Nguyen and Hamon, 1990). It has the potential of becoming a serious pest in new habitats, especially LITERATURE CITED on ornamental shade trees and fruits crops such as pomegranate, citrus, pear, and Abd-Rabou, S., and M.M. Abou-Setta. 1998. Parasitism of Siphoninus phillyreae (Homoptera: apple. In California (U.S.A.), where it was first discovered in 1988, S. phillyreae Aleyrodidae) by aphelinid parasitoids at different locations in Egypt. Journal of Hymenoptera caused severe damage to citrus and peas (Bellows et al., 1990, 1992). In Research 7 (1): 57-61. Venezuela, where it was first discovered in 1994, S. phillyreae caused damage to Arnal, E., F. Ramos, E. Debrot, and W. Pacheco. 1994. Detección de la mosca blanca del grana- pomegranates (Arnal et al., 1994). In Argentina it was found also (Viscarret and do Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday)(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Boletín de Entomología Botto, 1997). Venezolana, Nueva Serie 9 (2): 199-200. Throughout its geographical range, S. phillyreae is attacked by various natu- Bellows, T. S., T. D. Paine, K. Arakawa, C. Meisenbacher, P. Leddy, and J. Kabashima. 1990. ral enemies, primarily parasitoids of the family Aphelinidae, and predators of the Biological control sought for ash whitefly. California Agriculture 44 (1): 1-5. family Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Thirteen
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