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@ Encarsia Inaron (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) < 25 ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ( ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي) ، ﺟﻠﺪ 35 ﺷﻤﺎره 1 ، ﺑﻬﺎر 1391 اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ زﻳﺮﻛﺸﻨﺪه ﺑﻮﭘﺮوﻓﺰﻳﻦ و اﻳﻤﻴﺪاﻛﻠﻮﭘﺮاﻳﺪ روي واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ زﻧﺒﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ Encarsia inaron (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) ﻓﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺳﻬﺮاﺑﻲ*1 ، ﭘﺮوﻳﺰ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺮ2 ، ﻣﻮﺳﻲ ﺻﺎﺑﺮ3 و ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺼﺪق 4 4 1* - ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺆول: داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ دﻛﺘﺮاي ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫ ﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز ([email protected]) 2 و4- اﺳﺘﺎدان ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز -3 داﻧﺸﻴﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ در ﻳﺎﻓﺖ : 29/10/89 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : 4/14/ 90 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﻤﻮم روي ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ آﻓﺎ ت ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ روي ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ و ﺑ ﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ روي ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ دﺷﻤﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺑﮕﺬارد. در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﺛﺮات دو ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ اﻳﻤﻴﺪاﻛﻠﻮﭘﺮاﻳﺪ و ﺑﻮﭘﺮوﻓﺰﻳﻦ روي واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ زﻧﺒﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ (Encarsia inaron (Walker ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻮره ﺳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﭘﻨﺒﻪ (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺎده ﺟﻮان ( ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از 24 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ) ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 48 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ روي ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻴﺎر ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ LC 25 اﻳﻤﻴﺪاﻛﻠﻮﭘﺮاﻳﺪ، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ا ي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮﭘﺮوﻓﺰﻳﻦ و آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ . ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻫﺎي 2، 4، 8، 16، 32 و 64 ﭘﻮره ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﭘﻨﺒﻪ روي ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻴﺎر و در درون ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 24 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در اﺧﺘﻴﺎر زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت در 10 ﺗﻜﺮار در دﻣﺎي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ 1 ± 25 د رﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮاد، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ 5 ± 70 درﺻﺪ و دوره ﻧﻮري 14 ﺑﻪ 10 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ( روﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎرﻳﻜﻲ ) اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﻧﻮع واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮن ﻟﺠﺴﺘﻴﻚ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ، و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﮔﺮي (a) و زﻣﺎن دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ (T h) ﺗﻮﺳﻂ رﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮن ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SAS ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ . واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ در ﺷﺎﻫﺪ و ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي دو ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ از ﻧﻮع 2 ﺑﻮد . در ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، ﺑﻮﭘﺮوﻓﺰﻳﻦ و اﻳﻤﻴﺪاﻛﻠﻮﭘﺮاﻳﺪ، ﻗﺪرت ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 0413/0، 0360/0 و 0373 0/ ﺑﺎر در ﺳﺎﻋﺖ و زﻣﺎن دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ 9727/2، 2738/1 و 0187 2/ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻮد. ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺮخ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ (T/ T h) ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 07/8، 84/18 و 11/89 ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ زده ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺛﺮ ﻣﻀﺮي روي ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﮔﺮي E. inaron ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ . ﻛﻠﻴﺪ واژه ﻫﺎ : واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ، Encarsia inaron، اﻳﻤﻴﺪاﻛﻠﻮﭘﺮاﻳﺪ، ﺑﻮﭘﺮوﻓﺰﻳﻦ، Bemisia tabaci ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ( ﻣﻚ ﻛﻨ ﺰي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران1 ، 2004 ؛ ﻣﻮﻧﺪ و ﻫﺎﻟﺴﻲ2 ، ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﭘﻨﺒﻪ Bemisia tobaci 1978 ). اﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮه ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ از ﺑﻴﺶ از 700 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) ، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ از 86 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ( ﮔﺮﻳﺖ ﻫﺪ3 ، 1986)، ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮات آﻓﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻛﺸﺎورزي در ﺧﺎورﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ، اروﭘﺎ، آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ و ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .Mckenzie et al 1- 2- Mound & Halsey 3- Greathead 26 ﺳﻬﺮاﺑﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ زﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻨﺪه ﺑﻮﭘﺮوﻓﺰﻳﻦ و اﻳﻤﻴﺪاﻛﻠﻮﭘﺮاﻳﺪ ... ... ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺗ ﻲ دارد ﻛﻪ آن را ﻗﺎدر ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮرده ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزد ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺷﺪﻳﺪي از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ از ﮔﻴﺎه و اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻴﺶ از 90 ﻧﻮع ﺑﻴﻤﺎري از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ وﻳﺮوﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ اﺳﺖ . اﻳﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻛﺸﺎورزي وارد ﻛﻨﺪ ( ﻓﻜﺮت و ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺮ، ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻮده و ﻗﺪ رت ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ 2007 ) . را در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺸﻌﺎع ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ ( ﺣﻴﺪري، ﻛﻨ ﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺰء 1383 ) ) ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺪ ﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ آﻓﺎت ( IPM ) در ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺤﺪودي در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮات آﻓﺖ ﻛﺸﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ روي واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي IPM ﺗﻨﻬﺎ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از ( اﻣﺒﺮوز و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران3 ، 2008 ؛ ﺟﺒﺎﻧﺴﻦ4 ، 1998 ؛ ﻟﻴﻮ و آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺼﺮف ﻋﻠﻴﻪ آﻓﺎت ، ﻫﻤﻜﺎران5 ، 2006 ؛ واﻧﮓ و ﺷﻦ6 ، 2002 ) وﻟﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﮔﺮدد . ﺑﺎ ورود ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ، ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اي در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ ﻫﺎ روي ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ روي زﻧﺪه ﻣﺎﻧﻲ، ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ و واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ E. inaron ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ . ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﺛﺮات دو ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ اﻳﻤﻴﺪاﻛﻠﻮﭘﺮاﻳﺪ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي IPM ﺿﺮوري ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻮﭘﺮوﻓﺰﻳﻦ روي واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ زﻧﺒﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ( ﻛﻼور و ﻫﻤﻜﺎرانE. inaron .( 2003 ، 1 ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﺛﺮات ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ Encarsia و زﻳﺮﻛﺸﻨﺪه ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ ﻫﺎ روي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺗﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ Hymenoptera: Eretmocerus) واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر (Aphelinidae ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣ ﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ .B ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ tabaci در ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ IPM را اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزد . ( ﻟﮔﻮ ﺴﺒﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران2 ، 1998 ). ﻳﻜﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ (Encarsia inaron (Walker اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه از روي ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﭘﺮورش B. tabaci و E. inaron B. tabaci ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﭘﻨﺒﻪ ( ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺣﺸﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻎ B. tabaci ، در ﻣﻬﺮﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل 1388 از Siphoninus ﺑﺮ، 1379) ، ﺳﻔ ﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ زﺑﺎن ﮔﻨﺠﺸﻚ ﻣﺰارع ﺧﻴﺎر در ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ اﻫﻮاز ﺟ ﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . Aleyrodes phillyreae (Haliday) ، ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﻫﺎ در داﺧﻞ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد singularis Danzig ( اﺣﻤﺪي و آل ﻣﻨﺼﻮر، 1374 ) ×60 ×60 120 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ روي ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻴﺎر ( وارﻳﺘﻪ Trialeurodes و ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺮ داﻣﻴﻨﻮس ) ﭘﺮورش ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ . دﻳﻮاره اﻳﻦ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ vaporariorum (Westwood) ( ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ، 1389 ) وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻮري ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد وﻟﻲ ﺳﻘﻒ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي در اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﺑﻮد ﺗﺎ ﻋﺒﻮر ﻧﻮر ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﻲ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻴﺮد . اﻳﻦ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎ در ﻳ ﻜﻲ از ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ آزﻣﺎﻳ ﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ دﻣﺎﻳﻲ -25 16 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ، ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﺮاد و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ -50 40 درﺻﺪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﻃﻮل ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن اﺳﺖ . ﺑﻌﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕﺮ واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه 3- Am brose et al. 4- Jebanesan et al. 5- Liu et al. 1- Claver et al. 6- Wang & shen 2- Goolsby et al. 27 ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ( ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي) ، ﺟﻠﺪ 35 ﺷﻤﺎره 1 ، ﺑﻬﺎر 1391 دوره روﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ و ﺗﺎرﻳﻜﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت 14 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ( روﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎرﻳﻜﻲ ) ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ روﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ 10 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﺎرﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻮد . ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻦ ﺳﻮم ﭘﻮرﮔﻲ زﻣﺎن آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﻫﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎ رﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ . ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . در ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻴﺎز ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻫﺎ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ واﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . د ر اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ از ﻏﻠﻈﺖ LC 25 اﻳﻤﻴﺪاﻛﻠﻮﭘﺮاﻳﺪ E. inaron اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ در ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ ( ppm 23,37 ) و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮﭘﺮوﻓﺰﻳﻦ ( ppm ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل 1389 از روي ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻴﺎر واﻗﻊ در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ 2000 ) ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ات زﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻨﺪﮔﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻤﻮم روي داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز ﺟﻤﻊ- وا ﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ زﻧﺒﻮر E. inaron اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ . ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ آوري و در ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺪار LC 30 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﻴﺎر آﻟﻮ ده ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ زﻳﺮﻛﺸﻨﺪه در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮات زﻳﺮﻛﺸﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻤﻮم در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻮرﮔﻲ B. tabaci ﭘﺮورش ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ . ﻫﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ( ﺣﻴﺪري و آل ﻣﻨﺼﻮر، 1374 ؛ ﺻﺎﺑﺮ و ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﻴﺎر ﺟﺪﻳﺪ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﭘﻮرﮔﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 1381 ؛ ﻓﻌﺎل و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 1389 .) در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻫﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ .ﺷﺪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷ ﺪه ﺑﻮﭘﺮوﻓﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ زﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻨﺪه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ زﻳﺮا آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ -1 ﺑﻮﭘﺮوﻓﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﺗﺠﺎرﺗﻲ آﭘﻼود ( Applaud % 40 ) ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮه ﻛﺶ اﺛﺮ ﻛﺸﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﻴﻮن ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺷﺪه (SC) از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰي روي ﺣﺸﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ دارد ( ﺳﻬﺮاﺑﻲ و Syngenta ﺳﻮ ﺋﻴﺲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ از ﮔﺮوه ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 2012 ). ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤﻮم ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ (IGR) اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت 4 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻴﺎر ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 10 ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ در ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻛﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ .ﻛﻨﺪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﺷﺪﻧﺪ (leaf dip) . دﻳﺴﻚ - -2 اﻳﻤﻴﺪاﻛﻠﻮﭘﺮاﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﺗﺠﺎرﺗﻲ ﻛﻮﻧﻔﻴﺪور ( 35 % ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ppm 500 از Confidor ) ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﻴﻮن ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺷﺪه ﺧﻴﺲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه Tween 20 ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ور ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﭘﺲ از (SC) از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﮔﻴﺎه اﻳﺮان ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ از ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ، دﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻤﻮم ﻧﺌﻮﻧﻴﻜﻮ ﺗﻴﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ اﺷﻐﺎل ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي روي ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎزﻛﻲ از آﮔﺎر 1 2-3% ( ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ) در ﻇﺮوف ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﻴﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﻴﻞ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻦ در ﻏﺸﺎي ﻓﻴﺒﺮي ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻋﺼﺒﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﺮد ﺑﻪ ا رﺗﻔﺎع 52 و ﻗﻄﺮ 40 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﺮار داده ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻛﺎر ﻋﺎدي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺪه و ﺣﺸﺮه را از ﭘﺎ در ﻣﻲ آورد. ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . در اﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮگ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮف ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮد . آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺳﻦ ﺳﻮم ﭘﻮرﮔﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﭘﻨﺒﻪ در ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻇﺮوف 4 ﺳﻮراخ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ( ﻗﻄﺮ 10 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ) ﺑﻪ روي ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻴﺎر ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪ . -50 40 ﺟﻔﺖ زﻧﺒﻮر E. inaron اﺑﺘﺪا ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ 30 ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ( ﻣﺎده و ﻧﺮ ) روي ﻳﻚ روزه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 48 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻴﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﻴﺎر ( ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ 3-6 ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ) درون ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺪه درون ﻇﺮوف ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨ ﺪ . ﭘﺲ از 48 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ، ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 24 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ رﻫﺎﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﭘﺲ ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﻣﺎده ﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ از 24 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ، ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﻫﺎ از روي ﺑﺮگ ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻧﻔﺮادي روي ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻴﺎر ﺑﺎ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻢﻫ ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﺣﺪوداً 12 روز در ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ 2( 4، 8، ، 16 ، 32 و 64 ) از ﭘﻮره ﺳﻦ اﻧﻜﻮﺑﺎﺗﻮر ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ دﻣﺎي 1 ± 25 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮاد و ﺳﻮم B. tabaci درون ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﻲ رﻫﺎﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ 5 ± 70 درﺻﺪ و دوره ﻧﻮري 14 ﺑﻪ 10 زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 24 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ روي ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و 28 ﺳﻬﺮاﺑﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ زﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻨﺪه ﺑﻮﭘﺮوﻓﺰﻳﻦ و اﻳﻤﻴﺪاﻛﻠﻮﭘﺮاﻳﺪ ..
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