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Collecting and recording disaster damages and loss data according to at the local scale: issues and proposed solutions

11th EU Loss Data Workshop DG-ECHO -Bruxelles, 16-17 April 2018 Our own experience in the Idea project that we have presented several times, mainly regarding the work conducted with the Umbria Region Civil Protection Authority and with the Catalunya Civil Protection Authority

2 Ex-post requests of reporting: starting from a very recent experience with the coordination committee for CI in Lombardia Region

Other River NUM Lifeline manager Muùnicipality ISTAT Prov. municipalities basin Date x1 y1 Location on the line Segment Type of event 1 ANAS VERANO BRIANZA 108048 MB 25-giu-09 016+500 S.S. N° 36 "DEL LAGO DI Esondazione/Allagamento 1 ANAS CARDANO AL CAMPO 12032 VA 08-giu-11 dal km 5+000 al km 8+000 S.S. N° 336 "dell'Aeroporto Esondazione/Allagamento 1 ANAS GEMONIO 12074 VA 15-mag-15 dal km 15+300 al km 15+900 S.S. N° 394 "del Verbano Esondazione/Allagamento 1 ANAS GERMIGNAGA 12076 VA 04-apr-10 34+400 S.S. n° 394 "del Vberbano Frana 1 ANAS GERMIGNAGA 12076 VA 02-lug-16 32+900 S.S. N° 394 "del Verbano Frana 1 ANAS LONATE POZZOLO 12090 VA 18-dic-09 dal KM 22+000 al KM 23+000 S.S. N° 336 dir Nevicata 1 ANAS SOMMA LOMBARDO 12123 VA 12-nov-14 dal km 18+800 al km 21+734 S.S. N° 336 "dell'Aeroporto Esondazione/Allagamento 1 ANAS VARESE 12133 VA 29-lug-14 dal km 0+000 al km 8+600 S.S. N° 712 "Tangenziale di Esondazione/Allagamento 1 ANAS VERGIATE 12138 VA 15-mag-15 14+400 S.S. N° 629 "del Lago di Esondazione/Allagamento 1 ANAS VERGIATE 12138 VA 08-dic-16 dal km 0+000 al km 18+000 S.S. N° 629 "del Lago di Ghiaccio 1 ANAS BRIENNO 13030 CO 07-lug-11 dal km 12+750 al km 12+900 S.S. N° 340 "Regina" Frana 1 ANAS CARLAZZO 13047 CO 11-ott-14 39+500 S.S. N° 340 "Regina" Frana 1 ANAS COLONNO 13074 CO 10-set-17 dal km 17+000 al km 18+000 S.S. N° 340 "Regina" Frana 1 ANAS DOMASO 13089 CO GERA LARIO 17-lug-09 DAL KM 18+820 AL KM S.S. N° 340 DIR "REGINA" Frana 1 ANAS GERA LARIO 13107 CO 24-giu-14 dal km 28+552 al km 29+257 S.S. N° 340 dir "Regina" Incendio boschivo 1 ANAS MOLTRASIO 13152 CO 11-mag-10 5+500 S.S. n° 340 "Regina" Frana 1 ANAS MOLTRASIO 13152 CO 14-nov-11 7+100 S.S. N° 340 "Regina" Frana 1 ANAS PIANELLO DEL LARIO 13183 CO 10-mag-15 dal km 10+270 al km 13+806 S.S. N° 340 dir "Regina" Incendio boschivo 1 ANAS PIANELLO DEL LARIO 13183 CO 25-giu-17 10+270 S.S. N° 340 dir "Regina" Esondazione/Allagamento 1 ANAS VALSOLDA 13234 CO 17-lug-09 052+577 S.S. N° 340 "REGINA" Frana 1 ANAS VALSOLDA 13234 CO FRAZIONE SAN 06-feb-10 dal KM 49+000 al KM 49+100 S.S. N° 340 "Regina" Frana 1 ANAS VALSOLDA 13234 CO LOC. ORIA IN 05-mag-10 dal km 50+000 al km 51+000 S.S. n° 340 "Regina" Caduta Massi 1 ANAS VALSOLDA 13234 CO 12-lug-16 dal km 48+630 al km 51+000 S.S. N° 340 "Regina" Esondazione/Allagamento 1 ANAS VALSOLDA 13234 CO 25-giu-17 48+550 S.S. N° 340 "Regina" Esondazione/Allagamento 1 ANAS VALSOLDA 13234 CO 29-giu-17 dal km 51+740 al km 51+800 S.S. N° 340 "Regina" Esondazione/Allagamento 1 ANAS BORMIO 14009 SO 12-ago-09 114+000 S.S. N° 38 "del Passo dello Caduta Massi 1 ANAS BORMIO 14009 SO 25-ago-13 100+000 S.S. N° 38 "del Passo dello Caduta Massi 1 ANAS BORMIO 14009 SO 11-ott-13 dal km 107+000 al km S.S. N° 38 "del Passo dello Nevicata

3 Conceptualization of the damage and loss framework for multiple sectors

Sector Sub-sector Direct damage Second order damage Long term damage

People Victims Evacuation Abandonment Power Physical damage Functional and Prolongued loss to plants, systemic failures of services Telecomm. networks, (local, regional) Lifelines operating Water systms Transportation impact Strategic services Physical damage Service Loss of services Public to buildings, interruption (local, regional) facilities Neighborhood equipment services

Agricolture Physical damage Business Declining trend Economic to soil, plants, interruption, (local, regional) Industrial equipment, loss of jobs, loss activities machinery, of revenue infrastructures Commercial Physical damage to buildings, Residential content Physical damage Loss of intangible Permanent loss Cultural to buildings, values, use of intangible heritage content restrictions values Natural Physical damage Loss of Loss of systems to ecosystems biodiversity biodiversity4 5 6 7 Having a modular approach to the development of the individual modules, so as to achieve at the end the result of a database which collects data that individual sectors already collect (but in a fragmented form) so that the database can be queried to support different types of data analyses and uses

8 Sector Sub-sector Direct damage Second order damage Long term damage

Strategic services Physical damage Service Loss of services Public to buildings, interruption (local, regional) facilities Neighborhood equipment services

9 The data model (ER diagram) for the residential module

1 0 The interface to the residential module

1 1 Type of analytical results that you can get. Example from the Umbria case

1 2 Sector Sub-sector Direct damage Second order damage Long term damage

Strategic services Physical damage Service Loss of services Public to buildings, interruption (local, regional) facilities Neighborhood equipment services

1 4 The interface to the lifelines- telecommunication module

15 The interface to the lifelines- telecommunication module

16 Sector Sub-sector Direct damage Second order damage Long term damage

Strategic services Physical damage Service Loss of services Public to buildings, interruption (local, regional) facilities Neighborhood equipment services

17 The interface to the economic sector- agricolture module

1 8 The sequence of data input for the agricultural sector and interfaces

19 What you get in the database

2 0 The process behind the data model conceptualization builds on several sources of knowledge including consultation with stakeholders who are in charge of repairing/recovering from damage in case of need  Forms that have been already developed;  Case studies and reports regarding past events  Consultation with stakeholders as the basic question is:

How can the sector be damaged? How does it funtion? And therefore what types of second order damage are expected?

2 1 Sector Sub-sector Direct damage Second order damage Long term damage

Strategic services Physical damage Service Loss of services Public to buildings, interruption (local, regional) facilities Neighborhood equipment services

Agricolture Physical damage Business Declining trend Economic to soil, plants, interruption, (local, regional) Industrial equipment, loss of jobs, loss activities machinery, of revenue infrastructures Commercial Physical damage to buildings, Residential content Physical damage Loss of intangible Permanent loss Cultural to buildings, values, use of intangible heritage content restrictions values Natural Physical damage Loss of Loss of systems to ecosystems biodiversity biodiversity 22 Effect of the 2012 Emilia Romagna earthquake on the economic sector (biomedical)

23 How does the biomedical sector work in the Emilia Romagna region

24 Damage to economic sectors in Umbria Region after the earthquake 2016

* A study of the Association of Italian insurers: 40% of businesses that could not resume activity within 3 months after the event closed within the successive two years; * This is why there is an increased role for companies able to clean up and support quick restart of activities; * Problem of no insurance or under-insurance * New models of insurance provided by loss adjustors

25 So as we have identified a need, a clear need for improved preparedness in businesses, particularly small businesses, based on shared lessons learnt from events that in Italy are quite frequent

The case of the Benevento flood in 2015 just another example of an important industrial district in a significantly flood prone area 26 So we have activated a network of trade associations, individual firms that we have met in different occasions, insurance companies to consider the possibility to share such experience on past damage in order to raise awareness about the issue and also to produce knowlege in a form that can be useful not for individual firms (this is not our task) but for the associations at a higher level, in the form of recommendations given damage to different types of activities

2 7

Programma

14.15 – 14.25 Welcome (Emanuela Curtoni – Assolombarda)

14.25 – 14.40 Proposal of an observatory of the systemic and territorial resilience of Italian firms (Scira Menoni e Giulia Pesaro – Politecnico di Milano)

14.40 - 15:20 What are useful maps and information for companies?

Introduction to the session: the experience of Unipol in the Life project Derris.

- How they can better inform locational decisions? - What measures can firms adopt to protect themselves given the specifities of their activities (machinery, stock, business model)? - How to enable firms to adopt protective measures given an early warning?

Crucial point: The scale of information starting from the work of insurance damage experts. 15:20 –16:00 The public private partnership in fostering regulations, norms and incentives to promote resilience

Introduction to the session: the experience of Fondazione Enel

- Can we think of incentives to trigger protection measures for CCA and to protect from natural disasters? - What norms and legislation given the current policies on CCA strategies at national and regional levels? - How to enforce PPP so as to guarantee the functionality of critical infrastructures?

Crucial point: Does the systemic and territorial perspective encourage the creation of safety and adaptation services at the municipal or district level? 16.00-16.15 Pausa caffé 28

16.15-17.00 Organisational and networking needs to provide an effective response to extreme events and develop a “retour of experience” in the form of preventive measures (in recovery and reconstruction but also in similar areas)

Introduction to the session: the experience of Confindustria Emilia Romagna following the 2012 earthquake

- What are specific needs for recovery of different economic activities (by type and size)? - How can Civil Protection ordinances effectively support and enable recovery and business continuity in the aftermath of a disaster? - What support may trade associations, chambers of commerce etc provide?

Crucial point: Can we create a sort of territorial service to support economic activities in the aftermath of a calamity? And to learn from it? 17.00 -17.30 Synthesis and concluding remarks

29 Tipologia Attività Economica Quantità PARRUCCHIERA 4 Riparazione Auto 4 Vendita Automobili 3 NEGOZIO ALIMENTARI 3 AUTORICAMBI 2 CARROZZERIA 2 FABBRICAZIONE CORNICI & ESPOSIZIONE 2 Immobiliare 2 INGROSSO E MINUTO VENDITA MATERIALE ELETTRICO ED ELETTRONICA 2 MATERIALE PLASTICO 2 NEGOZIO PRIMA INFANZIA 2 Officina Meccanica 2 RISTORAZIONE 2 Sport 2 STUDIO TECNICO GEOMETRA 2 Assemblaggi meccanici per conto terzi 1 Autoscuola 1 Bar 1 Bar - Trattoria 1 CARTA, SHOPPER ALIMENTARI, 1 CARTOLIBRERIA 1 CARTOTECNICA 1 CENTRO ABBRONZATURA 1 CENTRO ASSISTENZA NOKIA-SONY-ERICSSON-ECC. 1 CENTRO ESTETICO 1 COMMERCIANTE - MATERIALE IDRAULICO 1 COMMERCIO ALL'INGROSSO DI MACCHINE UTENSILI ED AUTOATTREZZATURE 1 Consulenza finanziaria e commerciale 1 DENTISTA 1 Distributore di Benzina 1 DISTRIBUTORI AUTOMATICI 1 Edicola 1 ELETTRONICA, COMPUTER 1 ESPOSIZIONE PARQUET & MOBILI 1 Descrizione Categoria ATECO ATECO 2002 Numero FALEGNAMERIA 1 % 1 DIGIT GUARINIZIONI ARTICOLI TECNICI 1 IDRAULICO 1 Attività manifatturiere C 22 18,49 IMPRESA DI PULIZIE 1 Costruzioni F 12 10,08 INGROSSO CANCELLERIA E FORNITURE PER UFFICIO 1 LABORATORIO ARTIGIANALE RESTAURO MOBILI 1 Commercio all'ingrosso e al dettaglio; Riparaz. di autoveicoli, motocicli, beni personali e per la casa G 46 38,66 LATTONERIA 1 Trasporto e magazzinaggio H 1 0,84 LIBRERIA 1 I 7 5,88 MOBILIFICIO 1 Servizi di alloggio e ristorazione NEGOZIO INTIMO 1 Attività finanziarie e assicurative K 3 2,52 NOLEGGIATORE GIOCHI (FLIPPER, JUKE BOX, ECC.) 1 Attività immobiliari L 3 2,52 OGGETTISTICA VARIA 1 PIASTRELLISTA 1 Attività professionali, scientifiche e tecniche M 5 4,20 PLASTICHE E ALLUMINIO 1 PNEUMATICI 1 Noleggio, agenzie di viaggio, servizi di supporto alle imprese N 4 3,36 POSA E VENDITA PARQUET 1 Istruzione P 1 0,84 PRODOTTI ORTOFRUTTICOLI 1 Sanità e assistenza sociale Q 2 1,68 Produzione di apparecchiature dedicate al dosaggio, 1 distribuzione e controllo di prodotti detergenti nell'industria Attività artistiche, di intrattenimento e divertimento R 6 5,04 alimentare Altre attività di servizi S 7 5,88 PRODUZIONE MOLLE E FASCETTE IDRAULICHE 1 RIPARAZIONI APPARECCHI TV E IMPIANTI ANTENNA 1 Totale TOT 119 100,00 STUDIO PROFESSIONALE 1 STUDIO TECNICO ARCHITETTO 1 TABACCHERIA 1 TECNOLOGIE DIGITALI ED ANALOGICHE 1 VENDITA ELETTRODOMESTICI 30 1 VENDITA TENDE 1 Veterinaria 1 One word of the role of damage data collected at different times and used and re- used in different times

Pre-event impact emergency recovery reconstruction t

• improving risk models • crisis response • prioritize needs ʺforensic ʺ analysis • accounting • prioritize funds • identify needs C/B of plans Sendai Framework Flood Directive EU Mechanism EU Solidarity Fund Sendai Framework & Solidarity Fund National schemes National schemes EU Mechanism (National RA) States’ response Donors National prevention policies Donors

Pre-event data Post-disaster damage data • Cadastral maps • Civil protection direct surveys • Risk and hazard maps • Statistical data and assessments • Copernicus service data • Base maps • Crowdsourced data • Statisical data • Insurance data • Special surveys • Data of lifelines operators

31 One word on aggregation at higher levels

Sector Sub-sector Asset level Municipal level Regional-national

People Number (CP) Number (CP) Number (CP) Power Plants, cabins, % and number % and number individual of outages of outages by Telecomm. segments and province Lifelines lines of Water networks Transportation

Strategic services Individual Unavailable Unavailable/rel buildings, services, ocated services Public relocated facilities Neighborhood equipment etc. by province services services

Agricolture Individual farm, % or total by % or total by Economic plants, municipality; province/region Industrial buildings, duration of lost activities infrastructures, working days soil, crops Commercial Individual Municipal By households reports province/region Residential reports Physical damage Need of By province or Cultural and required relocation of region heritage intervention goods, number Natural Physical damage By region systems to ecosystems 32 If we look at what has been done for the Central Italy earthquake for applying to the Solidarity Fund….

Comuni maggiormente colpiti Bumero di scuole Inagibili Stima dei costi di primo intervento Assisi, Fologino, Perugia, Cascia, Spoleto, Norcia 78 B 2 M euro Norcia, Cascia, Foligno, Perugia 36 C, F 6 new buildings are forecasted, coupling two school units in Spoleto. A private foundation from Milan has Cascia, Norcia, donated school containers for the cities Perugia, Spoleto 13 E of Norcia and Cascia. Numero di Città edifici pubblici Breve descrizione danneggiati diversi spazi pubblici, l'archivio 5 Cascia comunlae, l'ufficio postale Foligno 1 posto medico archivio storico, una chiesa e il 3 Giano dell'Umbria cimitero pronto soccorso dell'ospedale, una 5 Norcia casa di cura per anziani, il COC Preci 1 il municipio

Sellano 2 incluso il municipio ufficio turismo, Palazzo Ancaiani: 2 ufficio postale e Centro Studi Spoleto Medioevo Vallo di Nera 3 incluso l'ufficio postale

33 In a recently concluded project Educen we actually wrote the procedure if someone wishes to conduct the same type of assessment as we conducted in the Umbria Region

34 In a recently concluded project Educen we actually wrote the procedure if someone wishes to conduct the same type of assessment as we conducted in the Umbria Region

35 ACTOR ACTION SECTOR

ACTIVITIES RCPA Expert. Centre Survey Gathering Coordination Residences Businesses Farms Infrastructures items Public Emergency People Environ./cultural scenario Physic. Acquisition of pre-existing knowledge on the hazard X X X In a recently Acquisition of pre-existing knowledge on exposure and vulnerability X X X X X X X X X X Set-up and management of the IS X X concluded Data sharing X X Event project Educen Acquisition of data on the physical event X X X Data sharing X X we actually 2-3 days Survey of the flooded area/water elevation X X X wrote the Organization and coordination of the survey (flooded areas) X X X Data analysis (field survey) X X procedure if Data validation (physical event) X X Inputting data (physical event) X X someone Data sharing X X 20 days wishes to Survey of damage to residences and businesses X X X X Organization and coordination of the survey (residences and businesses) X X X X conduct the Acquisition of damage data from the Regional Emergency Room (SOUR) X X X X X X X X Data analysis (field survey) X X same type of Data validation (residences/businesses/SOUR) X X Inputting data (residences/businesses/SOUR) X X Data sharing X X assessment as 90 days Survey of damage to residences (optional) X X X we conducted Organization and coordination of the survey (residences) X X X Acquisition of damage data from the responsible stakeholders (optional) X X X X X X X X in the Umbria Acquisition of monetary damage data X X X X X X X X X Data validation (all sectors except businesses/monetary damage data) X X Region Inputting data (all sectors except businesses/monetary damage data) X X Data analysis (field survey, complete event scenario) X X Data sharing X X 6 months Survey of damage to businesses X X X Organization and coordination of the survey (businesses) X X X Acquisition of damage data from the responsible stakeholders X X X X X X X X Acquisition of monetary damage data X X X X X X X X X Data validation (all sectors except residences/monetary damage data) X X Inputting data (all sectors except residences/monetary damage data) X X Data analysis (field survey, complete event scenario) X X Data sharing X X 36 12 months In a recently concluded project Educen we actually wrote the procedure if someone wishes to conduct the same type of assessment

ACTOR ACTION SECTOR In a recently concluded ACTIVITIES project Educen RCPA Expert. Centre Survey Gathering Coordination Residences Businesses Farms Infrastructures items Public Emergency People Environ./cultural scenario Physic. Acquisitionwe actually of pre-existing knowledge on the hazard X X X Acquisition of pre-existing knowledge on exposure and vulnerability X X X X X X X X X X Set-upwrote and managementthe of the IS X X Dataprocedure sharing if X X Event Acquisitionsomeone of data on the physical event X X X Datawishes sharing to X X 2-3 days Surveyconduct of the floodedthe area/water elevation X X X Organizationsame type and coordinationof of the survey (flooded areas) X X X Data analysis (field survey) X X Dataassessment validation (physicalas event) X X Inputting data (physical event) X X Datawe sharingconducted X X in the Umbria 20 days Survey of damage to residences and businesses X X X X OrganizationRegion and coordination of the survey (residences and businesses) X X X X Acquisition of damage data from the Regional Emergency Room (SOUR) X X X X X X X X Data analysis (field survey) X X Data validation (residences/businesses/SOUR) X X Inputting data (residences/businesses/SOUR) X X Data sharing X X 90 days

We were glad that our German colleagues in Potsdam University have tried the same approach after the 2016 flash flood in Braunsbach and Baden-Württemberg

38 It is a very challenging task and this is the reason why since at least half a century we have not achieved more advanced comprehensive assessments. While recognising the fact that achieving a «perfect» assessment is a «chimera».