William Henry Harvey

PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD:

WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY

“NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY

“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project People of Cape Cod: William Henry Harvey HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

CAPE COD: One species of kelp, according to Bory St. Vincent, has PEOPLE OF a stem fifteen hundred feet long, and hence is the longest CAPE COD vegetable known, and a brig’s crew spent two days to no purpose collecting the trunks of another kind cast ashore on the Falkland Islands, mistaking it for drift-wood. (See Harvey on Algæ.) This species looked almost edible, at least, I thought that if I were starving I would try it. One sailor told me that the cows ate it. It cut like cheese; for I took the earliest opportunity to sit down and deliberately whittle up a fathom or two of it, that I might become more intimately acquainted with it, see how it cut, and if it were hollow all the way through. The blade looked like a broad belt, whose edges had been quilled, or as if stretched by hammering, and it was also twisted spirally. The extremity was generally worn and ragged from the lashing of the waves. A piece of the stem which I carried home shrunk to one quarter of its size a week afterward, and was completely covered with crystals of salt like frost. The reader will excuse my greenness –though it is not sea-greenness, like his, perchance– for I live by a river shore, where this weed does not wash up. When we consider in what meadows it grew, and how it was raked, and in what kind of hay weather got in or out, we may well be curious about it. One who is weather- wise, has given the following account of the matter:–

“When descends on the Atlantic, The gigantic Storm-wind of the equinox, Landward in his wrath he scourges The toiling surges, Laden with sea-weed from the rocks. “From Bermuda’s reefs, from edges Of sunken ledges, On some far-off bright Azore; From Bahama and the dashing, Silver-flashing Surges of San Salvador; “From the tumbling surf that buries The Orkneyan Skerries, Answering the hoarse Hebrides; And from wrecks of ships and drifting Spars, uplifting On the desolate rainy seas; “Ever drifting, drifting, drifting On the shifting Currents of the restless main.”

WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

But he was not thinking of this shore, when he added– “Till, in sheltered coves, and reaches Of sandy beaches, All have found repose again.”

These weeds were the symbols of those grotesque and fabulous thoughts which have not yet got into the sheltered coves of literature. “Ever drifting, drifting, drifting On the shifting Currents of the restless heart,” And not yet “in books recorded They, like hoarded Household words, no more depart.” HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1811

February 5, Tuesday: William Henry Harvey was born at Summerville near Limerick, Ireland, the youngest of 11 children of Friend Joseph Massey Harvey and Friend Rebecca Mark Harvey. His father, Friend Joseph Massey Harvey, was a prominent merchant. He would start his education at Ballitore School in County Kildare (a Quaker institution, emphasizing science). Upon leaving school he would join the family business. In person I am tall, and in a good degree awkward. I am silent, and when I do speak say little, particularly to people of whom I am afraid, or with whom I am not intimate. I care not for city sports, or for the diversions of the country. I am equally unknown to any healthful amusement of boys. I cannot swim nor skate. I know nothing of the delight of these, and yet I can amuse myself and be quite happy, seemingly without any one to share my happiness. My botanical knowledge extends to about thirty of the commonest plants. I am very fond of botany, but I have not much opportunity of learning anything, because I have only to show the plant to James White, who tells me all about it, which I forget the next minute. My mineralogy embraces about twelve minerals, of which I know only the names. I am totally unacquainted with foreign shells, and know only about two hundred and fifty native ones. As to ornithology, I have stuffed about thirteen birds. In chemistry I read a few books, and tried some experiments. In lithography I broke a stone and a printing press. These are my pretensions to science.

King George III of England having been legally declared to have become in some unknown manner incapacitated –insane– George, Prince of Wales set his signature to documents making him regent for his father. He was 48 years old while his whacko daddyo was 72. (Although by strict interpretation the Regency Era begins in this year and ends in 1820 with the death of George III and the crowning of the Prince Regent as King George IV, in common use the term often describes a broader era, to wit the period between the end of the Georgian age and the beginning of the Victorian age, many of what we term “Regency” romances actually being set during the previous decade.)

In America, Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 3rd day 5 of 2 M My mind has been refreshed this Afternoon with the precious savor of the spirit of life, it is as food to an hungry Man - Set the eveng at home except a short call at Neighbor Towles —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT

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1829

At the age of 18, Friend William Henry Harvey had the opportunity to kibitz at a science recognition ceremony. The proceedings seems to have amused him: The President wore a three-cocked hat of ample dimensions, and sat in a crimson arm-chair in great state. I saw a number of new Fellows admitted. They were marched one by one to the president, who rose, and taking them by the hand, admitted them. The process costs £25. (This would not be the only science recognition ceremony that Friend William would ever attend.)

NO-ONE’S LIFE IS EVER NOT DRIVEN PRIMARILY BY HAPPENSTANCE

“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project People of Cape Cod: William Henry Harvey HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1831

Professor William Jackson Hooker’s BRITISH FLORA CRYPTOGAMIA.

SIR WM. JACKSON HOOKER Discovering a moss new to Ireland, Hookeria laetevirens, at Killarney, led William Henry Harvey to a lifelong friendship with Professor Hooker. It also led to an opportunity for him to devote his life to something other than, as he would delicately put the matter, “buying cheap and selling dear.”

DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD.

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THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1833

William Henry Harvey’s “Div. II. Confervoideae. Div. III. Gloiocladeae,” in Professor William Jackson Hooker’s edition of THE ENGLISH FLORA OF SIR JAMES EDWARD SMITH (London).

The British government was being persuaded to send along botanists on all their exploring expeditions. While Professor Hooker’s works were in progress his herbarium at Kew was receiving very substantial contributions from all regions of the earth. His status with the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences was changed from that of just another “corresponding member,” to that of foreign member. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

William Hooker in this year produced a NEW POCKET PLAN OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK (but, this is not the same person as the Professor William Jackson Hooker above):

LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? — NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES. LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD.

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THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1834

William Henry Harvey’s “Algologhical illustrations. No. 1; Remarks on some British algae and descriptions of a new species recently added to our flora,” in Hooker’s Journal of Botany (1:296-305).

THE FUTURE IS MOST READILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT

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THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1835

The father of the Harvey family, Friend Joseph Massey Harvey, had just died, disrupting home life. When his brother, Friend Joseph Harvey, instead of him, was mistakenly nominated by Thomas Spring-Rice (afterward, Lord Monteagle) as Colonial Treasurer, Friend William Henry Harvey went along with his brother to South Africa aboard the Carnatic.

THE FUTURE CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT

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THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1836

When the health of his brother, Friend Joseph Harvey, failed, Friend William Henry Harvey took over his duties in Cape Town, South Africa as Colonial Treasurer.1

WHAT I’M WRITING IS TRUE BUT NEVER MIND YOU CAN ALWAYS LIE TO YOURSELF

April 14, Thursday: The brothers Friend William Henry Harvey and Friend Joseph Harvey embarked in Cape Town, South Africa for the journey back to the British Isles.

David Henry Thoreau’s Harvard College essay on assignment “Literary Digressions.” Under this date in Thoreau’s literary notebook there is a detached fragment which appears to be the conclusion to a forensic which might have been titled something like “Do Digressions or Examples Destroy the Unity of a Literary Work?” This detached fragment, which Thoreau indicates that he wrote while in Concord town, evidently on vacation, rather than while in Cambridge town, reads as follows:

author may chance, here and there, to throw out, upon the characters and actions of his personages, and which are regarded by the majority of his readers as interrupting to the course of the narative [sic], and are generally passed over with little if any notice, for wherein, I would ask, do these differ from the admonitions and exhortations of the express moral teacher? Perhaps his interests in the work, like an accompanying sweet, may induce the reader to swallow the bitter potion. Physiologists, however, would say, “let the draught be swallowed voluntarily, if you would expect it to produce its full effect!” With regard to the “exemplification” business, it reminds me of the fable of the lion and the painter; — if lions had been painters it would have been otherwise. Examples may be divided into good and bad.

In exegesis of this fragment’s “reminds me of the fable of the lion and the painter; — if lions had been painters it would have been otherwise,” we may refer to the fables of Æsop2:

1. When his pet ostrich died he so grieved that he resolved to keep no more pets. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

Page 41 of the Ernest Rhys edition:3 Once upon a time a Man and a Lion were journeying together, and came at length to high words which was the braver and stronger creature of the two. As the dispute waxed warmer they happened to pass by, on the road-side, a statue of a man strangling a lion. “See there,” said the Man; “what more undeniable proof can you have of our superiority than that?” “That,” said the Lion, “is your version of the story; let us be the sculptors, and for one lion under the feet of a man, you shall have twenty men under the paw of a lion.” Men are but sorry witnesses in their own cause.

2. Do not assume that you know the Æsop fables. Most editions are highly selective, and your experience may well be with a very partial and tendentious subset of the fables. For the Greek text, consult Ben Perry’s AESOPICA (which can be ordered from amazon.com, shipped in 4-6 weeks), and for an English translation, consult Ben Perry’s Loeb edition of BABRIUS AND PHAEDRUS (shipped within 2-3 days from amazon.com). This Loeb volume contains in addition English translations of 143 Greek verse fables by Babrius, 126 Latin verse fables by Phaedrus, 328 Greek fables not extant in Babrius, and 128 Latin fables not extant in Phaedrus (including some medieval materials) for a total of 725 fables. 3. London, 1936. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

Steve Mailleaux’s version: A Man and a Lion traveled together through the forest. They soon began to boast of their respective superiority to each other in strength and prowess. As they were disputing, they passed a statue carved in stone, which represented “a Lion strangled by a Man.” The traveler pointed to it and said: “See there! How strong we are, and how we prevail over even the king of beasts.” The Lion replied: “This statue was made by one of you men. If we Lions knew how to erect statues, you would see the Man placed under the paw of the Lion.” One story is good, till another is told.

[There is, however, an interesting cross-pollination here between the fables of Æsop and the philosophical fragments of the Presocratic Eleatic Xenophanes. For three of his sentences as incidentally preserved for our eyes in the seven books of the MISCELLANIES (STROMATEIS) of St. Clement of Alexandria (but not elsewhere) read as follows: #14: But mortals deem that the gods are begotten as they are, and have clothes like theirs, and voice and form. (5.109) #15: Yes, and if oxen and horses or lions had hands, and could paint with their hands, and produce works of art as men do, horses would paint the forms of the gods like horses, and oxen like oxen, and make their bodies in the image of their several kinds. (5.110) #16: The Ethiopians make their gods black and snub-nosed; the Thracians say theirs have blue eyes and red hair. (7.22)] HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

CAPE COD: It is remarkable that there is not in English any PEOPLE OF adequate or correct account of the French exploration of what is CAPE COD now the coast of New England, between 1604 and 1608, though it is conceded that they then made the first permanent European settlement on the continent of North America north of St. ÆSOP Augustine. If the lions had been the painters it would have been XENOPHANES otherwise. This omission is probably to be accounted for partly by the fact that the early edition of Champlain’s “Voyages” had CHAMPLAIN not been consulted for this purpose. This contains by far the most particular, and, I think, the most interesting chapter of what we may call the Ante-Pilgrim history of New England, extending to one hundred and sixty pages quarto; but appears to be unknown WEBSTER equally to the historian and the orator on Plymouth Rock. Bancroft BANCROFT does not mention Champlain at all among the authorities for De Monts’ expedition, nor does he say that he ever visited the coast of New England. Though he bore the title of pilot to De Monts, he was, in another sense, the leading spirit, as well as the historian of the expedition. Holmes, Hildreth, and Barry, and BARRY apparently all our historians who mention Champlain, refer to the edition of 1632, in which all the separate charts of our harbors, &c., and about one half the narrative, are omitted; for the author explored so many lands afterward that he could afford to forget a part of what he had done. Hildreth, speaking of De Monts’s HILDRETH expedition, says that “he looked into the Penobscot [in 1605], which Pring had discovered two years before,” saying nothing PRING about Champlain’s extensive exploration of it for De Monts in 1604 (Holmes says 1608, and refers to Purchas); also that he followed HOLMES in the track of Pring along the coast “to Cape Cod, which he PURCHAS called Malabarre.” (Haliburton had made the same statement before HALIBURTON him in 1829. He called it Cap Blanc, and Malle Barre (the Bad Bar) was the name given to a harbor on the east side of the Cape.) Pring says nothing about a river there. Belknap says that Weymouth BELKNAP discovered it in 1605. Sir F. Gorges says, in his narration (Maine WEYMOUTH Hist. Coll., Vol. II. p. 19), 1658, that Pring in 1606 “made a GORGES perfect discovery of all the rivers and harbors.” This is the most I can find. Bancroft makes Champlain to have discovered more western rivers in Maine, not naming the Penobscot; he, however, must have been the discoverer of distances on this river (see Belknap, p. 147). Pring was absent from England only about six months, and sailed by this part of Cape Cod (Malebarre) because it yielded no sassafras, while the French, who probably had not heard of Pring, were patiently for years exploring the coast in search of a place of settlement, sounding and surveying its harbors. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

A WEEK: It is remarkable that Homer and a few Hebrews are the most Oriental names which modern Europe, whose literature has taken its rise since the decline of the Persian, has admitted into her list of Worthies, and perhaps the worthiest of mankind, and the fathers of modern thinking, — for the contemplations of those Indian sages have influenced, and still influence, the intellectual development of mankind, — whose works even yet survive in wonderful completeness, are, for the most part, not recognized as ever having existed. If the lions ÆSOP had been the painters it would have been otherwise. In every one’s youthful dreams philosophy is still vaguely but inseparably, and with XENOPHANES singular truth, associated with the East, nor do after years discover its local habitation in the Western world. In comparison with the philosophers of the East, we may say that modern Europe has yet given birth to none. Beside the vast and cosmogonal philosophy of the Bhagvat-Geeta, even our Shakespeare seems sometimes youthfully green and practical merely. Some of these sublime sentences, as the Chaldaean oracles of Zoroaster, still surviving after a thousand revolutions and translations, alone make us doubt if the poetic form and dress are not transitory, and not essential to the most effective and enduring expression of thought. Ex oriente lux may still be the motto of scholars, for the Western world has not yet derived from the East all the light which it is destined to receive thence. It would be worthy of the age to print together the collected Scriptures or Sacred Writings of the several nations, the Chinese, the Hindoos, the Persians, the Hebrews, and others, as the Scripture of mankind. The New Testament is still, perhaps, too much on the lips and in the hearts of men to be called a Scripture in this sense. Such a juxtaposition and comparison might help to liberalize the faith of men. This is a work which Time will surely edit, reserved to crown the labors of the printing-press. This would be the Bible, or Book of Books, which let the missionaries carry to the uttermost parts of the earth.

Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 5th day 14th of 4th M / Our Meeting was small & silent, but a good solid & favour’d season to me for which I feel thankful — Father Rodman was out & the first time he has been at Meeting since he was taken unwell. — RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS

CHANGE IS ETERNITY, STASIS A FIGMENT

“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project People of Cape Cod: William Henry Harvey HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

April 26: Joseph Harvey died at sea. Friend William Henry Harvey would eventually be returning to Cape Town as officially the Treasurer-General. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1837

March: Friend William Henry Harvey was back in Cape Town, South Africa, and was Treasurer-General. He had taken up residence at Bishop’s Court and was in the habit of rising before dawn to collect in the mountains or sea-shore, then working on his plant collections in the evenings. I have taken so many excursions lately that I almost fear I shall earn the sobriquet of Her Majesty’s pleasurer general. HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1838

William Henry Harvey’s THE GENERA OF SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS (Cape Town). HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1841

Professor Carl Adolph Agardh’s Systema algarum was printed as part of John Claudius Loudon’s ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PLANTS, COMPRISING THE DESCRIPTION, SPECIFIC CHARACTER, CULTURE, HISTORY, APPLICATION IN THE ARTS AND EVERY OTHER DESIRABLE PARTICULAR RESPECTING ALL THE PLANTS INDIGENOUS, OR CULTIVATED IN, OR INTRODUCED TO BRITAIN. Henry Thoreau would consult it there as he sought to learn about the algae.

William Henry Harvey’s A MANUAL OF THE BRITISH ALGAE. Also, his “Description of Ballia, a new genus of Algae,” in Hooker’s Journal of Botany (Bd 2). HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1842

Friend William Henry Harvey’s health required that he return from Cape Town, South Africa to the British Isles (he was, evidently, a lifelong consumptive, suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis). He would be appointed as curator of the Herbarium at Trinity College, Dublin. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1844

William Henry Harvey’s “Description of a minute alga from the coast of Ireland,” in Annals and Magazine of Natural History (14: 27-28). Also, his “Description of a new British species of Callithamnion (C. pollexfenii),” in Annals and Magazine of Natural History (14:109-131), and his “Algae of Tasmania,” in Journal of Botany, London (3:428-454). Friend William was awarded an honorary MD by Trinity College, Dublin. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1847

Daniel O’Connell died. IRELAND

William Henry Harvey’s PHYCOLOGIA BRITANNICA (Plates 73-78) (London: Reeve & Banham). Also, his “Nereis Ausrtralis or Algae of the Southern Ocean:...,” in Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy (Science) (22:525-566). HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1848

William Henry Harvey’s PHYCOLOGIA BRITANNICA (Plates 147-216) (London: Reeve & Banham). Also, his “Directions for Collecting and Preserving Algae,” in American Journal of Science and Arts (II, 6: 42-45). He was appointed Professor of Botany of the Royal Dublin Society.

To the current regulations for emigration, the British parliament added a requirement that each vessel carrying more than 100 passengers must have aboard a surgeon. This would result in advertisements offering free passage to surgeons. A requirement was stated, that the emigrants were to be inspected for infectious diseases before embarkation, and that none who could not be certified as free of such diseases might be embarked. Each vessel carrying more than 100 emigrants was required to provide a cook and a cooking place.

At this point the Irish who had emigrated to the USA aboard the horrendous “famine ships,” and survived, were beginning to provide a great deal of, and an increasing amount of, assistance for their relatives on the old sod:

Low Estimates for Total Remittances to Ireland Year Amount

1848 £460,000

1849 £540,000

1850 £957,000

1851 £990,000

Because of the fact that:

It is useless to disguise the truth that any great improvement in the social system of Ireland must be founded upon an extensive change in the present state of agrarian occupation, and that this change necessarily implies a long, continued and systematic ejectment of small holders and of squatting cottiers.

the trend among the “improving” absentee landlords of the island had become to hire gangs of thugs who HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

would evict small tenants and tear the roofs from their cottages to make certain they could not come back:

Families Evicted Year Families

1847 6,026

1848 9,657

1849 16,686

1850 19,949

1851 13,197 HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1849

William Henry Harvey’s A MANUAL OF THE BRITISH MARINE ALGAE... (London: John van Voorst). Also, his PHYCOLOGIA BRITANNICA (Plates 217-294). (London: Reeve & Banham). Also, his THE SEA-SIDE BOOK: BEING AN INTRODUCTION TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BRITISH COASTS (London: John Van Voorst, Paternoster Row; this would pass through a series of editions). THE SEA-SIDE BOOK

Dr. William Andrus Alcott’s FAMILIAR LETTERS TO YOUNG MEN ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS. DESIGNED AS A COMPANION TO THE YOUNG MAN’S GUIDE, first published in Providence, Rhode Island, added to his familiar preoccupations, such as that the cause of a man’s ails (such as the tuberculosis that was then endemic among the Irish workers in New England factories) must be that in defiance of God’s law and to the damage of his own health, he had not in private kept his hands off himself, the added details that just as spicy food was to be avoided because it stimulated the lusts, so also spicy reading (was he referring to one-handed magazines, or to WALDEN?), for the same reasons, was to be avoided.

Mr. The Spicy Life Is Not Worth Living MASTURBATION There is even a graver class of books than those to which I have here alluded, that are far too exciting for the healthy mental palate. This class is to be found in our bookstores. I scarcely HDT WHAT? INDEX

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THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

know a man who would hesitate to keep and sell them, even though he were a professed disciple of the Saviour. This may seem a very grave charge, but is it not founded on the strictest truth? It is not asserted, or even intimated, that these men who sell the machinery of Satan, even consider well what they are doing. They are trained to it — they act as mere machines, or almost so. If you say they have no right thus to act — they are bound to reflect — my reply is, that is your own assertion, and not mine. To their own master they stand or fall, who deal out to the community, in any way or shape, what operates like a fire-brand every where, whether it acts upon the body, the mind, or the heart. Nor does it mend their condition very much to be able to say in the great day of account, that they did it in sport, or even to obtain a livelihood. Should you be so fortunate as to escape the deteriorating influences of the whole paraphernalia of physical, intellectual, and moral excitement; and should the temptation present itself of spreading before the public, as a means of gaining a subsistence for yourself and family, such things as I have referred to, remember that you are not now in the condition of those whose minds have never been at all enlightened on this subject. Weigh well the consequences of your conduct, before you act. Remember your accountability to God, and to future generations. ...How can a person be expected to deny himself and take up his cross, in the larger, less frequently occurring affairs of life, who has not first learned to deny himself in small matters? The same remarks and the same admonitions may apply to the case of those before whom exciting intellectual and moral food is continually presented. If they govern the appetite — which incessantly cries, Give, give — in these smaller occurrences, may they not hope to pave the way for self-government in larger matters, whenever the time of trial shall come? ... For until each generation shall be as an improved edition of that which precedes it, the work of God, delegated to man on earth, will never be accomplished. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

July: Friend William Henry Harvey had been invited to visit the United States as a guest of the Smithsonian Institution and of Harvard College, by way of Nova Scotia and the port of New-York, and then Niagara Falls and Québec.4 While a guest of Harvard professor Asa Gray he delivered, in a series of a dozen lectures before The Lowell Institute of Boston, a comprehensive survey of the world of Cryptogamia, from the point of view of the “progressive organization of the vegetable entity.” He would pass on to deliver a popular lecture on seaweeds at the Franklin Institute in Providence, Rhode Island and make a coastal tour that included Wilmington, Delaware, Charleston, South Carolina, and Key West, Florida.

The Boston Athenæum formally opened its doors (Henry Thoreau had already visited that spring and Nathaniel Hawthorne would visit in the next spring).

The magnificent building for the use of the BOSTON ATHENÆUM is situated on Beacon Street, near the State House. It is of Patterson freestone, and in the Palladian style of architecture. It is one hundred and fourteen feet in length, of irregular breadth, sixty feet in height, and stands ten feet back from the street, the ground space in front being surrounded by a balustrade with stone coping. The main entrance opens into a pillared and paneled rotunda, from which fine WEBSTER/POWERS iron staircases conduct above.... Near the foot of the staircase stands Ball Hughes’s statue of Bowditch, and a very fine one of Webster, by Powers.

4. He wrote in a letter that while visiting the famous Falls he had glimpsed an inscription to a young lady who had fallen over the cliff while picking flowers, “Miss Ruggs at the age of twenty-three / (Who) Was launched into eternity” — and that he had resolved to name a flower Ruggia in her honor (it is rather more likely that what he had seen was some sort of touristy joke tablet having to do with the reputation of the place, rather than that he had glimpsed an actual memorial inscription; it seems that although he named many species for his friends, he did not ever actually name a flower Ruggia). HDT WHAT? INDEX

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Winter: Lecture Season of ’49/50, at the Odeon Hall in Boston:

11th Season of The Lowell Institute Professor William Henry Harvey, M.D. Cryptogamia ...... 24 lectures Right Reverend Alonzo Potter, D.D. Natural Religion ...... 12 lectures George T. Curtis, Esq. Constitution of the United States ...... 12 lectures Professor Edward Lasell Physical Forces ...... 24 lectures Professor James F.W. Johnston, F.R.S. Agriculture ...... 24 lectures

THE LOWELL INSTITUTE HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1850

In Ireland, the Tenant League was founded.

William Henry Harvey’s PHYCOLOGIA BRITANNICA (Plates 295-354) (London: Reeve & Banham). Also, his “Observations on the Marine Flora of the Atlantic States,” in Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (pages 79-80).

March: After spending time at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Charleston, William Henry Harvey delivered a series of four lectures at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC (he would return in the spring to Dublin). HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1851

Professor Louis Agassiz went to Charleston to teach at the Medical College of South Carolina and scarf up on some of that good living enabled by race slavery and establish a seaside laboratory on Sullivan’s Island to study the flora and fauna of the Atlantic Ocean.

William Henry Harvey’s NEREIS BOREALI-AMERICANA: OR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTORY OF THE MARINE ALGAE OF NORTH AMERICA. PART I.— MELANOSPERMEÆ (Smithsonian Institution).

MELANOSPERMEÆ HDT WHAT? INDEX

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THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1852

Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland’s PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF TRAVELS TO THE EQUINOCTIAL REGIONS OF AMERICA, DURING THE YEAR 1799-1804 ... TRANSLATED AND EDITED BY THOMASINA ROSS (Three volumes; London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden — unfortunately, only volumes one and three have been scanned by Google Books). NARRATIVE OF TRAVELS NARRATIVE OF TRAVELS

This edition would be available to Henry Thoreau at the Concord Public Library and he would make notes from it in his Fact Book.

Thoreau copied material into his Fact Book from Professor Carl Adolph Agardh’s Systema algarum, printed as part of John Claudius Loudon’s 1841 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PLANTS, COMPRISING THE DESCRIPTION, SPECIFIC CHARACTER, CULTURE, HISTORY, APPLICATION IN THE ARTS AND EVERY OTHER DESIRABLE PARTICULAR RESPECTING ALL THE PLANTS INDIGENOUS, OR CULTIVATED IN, OR INTRODUCED TO BRITAIN.

At about this point Thoreau copied from Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau’s Traité des arbres et arbustes qui HDT WHAT? INDEX

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se cultivent en France into his Indian Notebook #6.5

THE TREES OF FRANCE, I THE TREES OF FRANCE, II

5. The original notebooks are held by the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, as manuscripts #596 through #606. There are photocopies, made by Robert F. Sayre in the 1930s, in four boxes at the University of Iowa Libraries, accession number MsC 795. More recently, Bradley P. Dean, PhD and Paul Maher, Jr. have attempted to work over these materials. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD HDT WHAT? INDEX

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William Henry Harvey’s NEREIS BOREALI-AMERICANA: OR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTORY OF THE MARINE ALGAE OF NORTH AMERICA. PART II.— RHODOSPERMEÆ (Smithsonian Institution). HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD HDT WHAT? INDEX

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Thoreau would copy from this into his Fact Book, and refer to the material in CAPE COD:

WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY HDT WHAT? INDEX

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But he was not thinking of this shore, when he added– “Till, in sheltered coves, and reaches Of sandy beaches, All have found repose again.”

August: Friend William Henry Harvey began a 3-year round-the-globe voyage on which he would visit Egypt, Aden, Ceylon, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Tonga, the Fiji Islands, and Valparaiso.

January 7, Saturday: Friend William Henry Harvey arrived at Albany on the coast of Western Australia. After a month at Cape Riche he would hike overland through the bush to Perth to visit Fremantle, Rottnest Island (where he would live in a deserted convict establishment), and Garden Island. He would collect some 10,000 specimens of seaweed, many of them new to science.

Having been awarded a hero’s welcome when he arrived in New-York, complete with a banquet attended by prominent Americans of Irish extraction, John Mitchel, along with Thomas Meagher, began to put out The Citizen. Within a few weeks this libertarian newspaper, which obsequiously pandered to every rancid prejudice of its target audience, would be enjoying press runs of 50,000.

The publication would of course be greatly in favor of freedom for Ireland. Along the way it would also defend our inalienable right to own other human beings (that is, human slavery), would attack the great humbug of the Colonization Society, and would insist upon the unimpeachable privilege of a white man to engage in any business at all (that is, for instance, return to the international slave trade). Covering all bases, this paper would also be used to argue against the emancipation of the Jews. ANTISEMITISM RACISM HDT WHAT? INDEX

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January 7 P.M. –To Ministerial Swamp. I went to these woods partly to hear an owl [Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus], but did not; but now that I have left them nearly a mile behind, I hear one distinctly, hoorer hoo. Strange that we should hear this sound so often, loud and far, –a voice which we call the owl,– and yet so rarely see the bird. Oftenest at twilight. It has a singular prominence as a sound; is louder than the voice of a dear friend. Yet we see the friend perhaps daily and the owl but a few times in our lives. It is a sound which the wood or the horizon makes.

(George Edwards’s A NATURAL HISTORY OF UNCOMMON BIRDS, 1745) HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1854

September: Friend William Henry Harvey reached Victoria in Australia. He would collect extensively on the beaches of Port Phillip, Westernport Bays, and Port Fairy. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1855

In the Victoria colony of southeastern Australia, named of course after the queen, a law was passed to restrict Chinese immigration, which had soared during the recent gold rush. The new law stipulated that there would be a poll (head) tax on each Chinese immigrant. (Presumably this wasn’t Queen Victoria’s fiat but something dreamed up locally.) THE TRAFFIC IN MAN-BODY

William Henry Harvey’s “Some account of the marine botany of the colony of Western Australia,” in Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy (22:525-566). Also, his “Algae,” in J.D. Hooker’s THE BOTANY OF THE ANTARCTIC VOYAGE 2: FLORA NOVA-ZELANDIAE II (London: pages 211-266, plates 107-121).

January: Friend William Henry Harvey visited Tasmania, where some of his dredging for marine specimens would be performed for him by chained convicts guarded with dogs (new transportations of convicts to this island had ceased only a couple of years earlier).

June 15, Friday: Friend William Henry Harvey departed from Sydney, Australia on his way to New Zealand, the Friendly Islands, Tonga, and the Fiji Islands.6

The hilly peninsula upon which Boston had been being created had been bordered by shallows which, when filled, in and of themselves had over the years more than double the relatively level area available for construction: • Mill Pond or North Cove had been filled over a period of 25 years. • South Cove had been filled over a period of almost 40 years. • Town or East Cove had been filled over a period of almost 50 years. • West Cove had been filled over a period of 60 years.

At this point the ready availability of immigrant labor, its destitution, made possible an enormous Back Bay fill project, the largest earth-altering operation ever attempted in America, almost as much as all these other projects combined: 600 acres requiring 47 years. This biggie would be complete in 1894 after transport of fill materials (over and above trash tipping of course) costing the city more than $1,600,000 even at these immigrant bargain desperation rates of pay.

6. On Fiji he was amused to learn that the title of his guide, “Koroe,” as an honorific, was awarded to those who had killed at least five times. HDT WHAT? INDEX

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It would be many, many years before the Back Bay of Boston began to look like this:

In addition there would be some 250 acres filled on Dorchester Neck in South Boston, at Commonwealth Flats, and in East Boston at what had been Noddle’s and Breed’s Islands. By these fill operations which also functioned as a convenient means of municipal trash disposal, and by annexation of the neighboring towns –Dorchester Neck in 1804, Washington Village in 1855, Roxbury in 1868, Dorchester in 1870, Charleston in 1874, Brighton in 1874, West Roxbury in 1874, and Hyde Park in 1912– Boston would be growing to more than 38 times its original colonial extent. The work of filling in Boston’s Back Bay was of course officially and ceremonially begun by a group of officials who had never so much as hefted a shovel in their lives, and would presumably never touch one again. (Some things never change.) A 10-mile railroad was being constructed to convey the earth of Needham Heights to the area which would become Back Bay Station.7 Swamp no more!

7. The Back Bay district would not be completely covered with structures as now, until about the year 1910. HDT WHAT? INDEX

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PROVENANCE HDT WHAT? INDEX

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GOD IN CONCORD by Jane Langton © 1992 Penguin Books USA Inc. 13 The twelve labors of Hercules were trifling in comparison with those which my neighbors have undertaken. . . . Walden, “Economy” Viking Penguin

Julian Snow’s two-week vacation was over. He was back at work at the landfill next to Pond View. His boss at Public ISBN 0-670-84260-5 — PS3562.A515G58

June 15. Friday. To Moore’s Swamp. Robin’s nest in apple tree, twelve feet high — young nearly grown. Hair-bird’s nest on main limb of an apple tree, horizontal, ten feet high. Many pollywogs an inch long. In the swamp a catbird’s nest in the darkest and thickest part, in a high blueberry, five feet from ground, two eggs; bird comes within three feet while I am looking. Viburnum nudum, how long? Not long. Wool(?)-grass . I see a strange warbler still in this swamp. A chestnut and gray backed bird, five or six inches long, with a black throat and yellow crown; note, chit chit chill le le, or chut chut a wutter chut a wut, che che. Crimson frosting on maple leaves . The swamp pyrus twigs are in some places curving over and swollen, and curling up at ends, forming bunches of leaves . HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1856

April: Achievement, by some workers in some skilled trades in one district of Australia, of a workday limited to eight hours.

Their motto was “888”: eight hours for labor, eight hours for rest and recreation and family, and eight hours for sleep.

In this month or the following one, Friend William Henry Harvey would sail toward Ireland by way of the port of Valparaiso on the coast of South America.

October: The Reverend Richard Chenevix Trench became dean of Westminster.

Arriving back in Dublin, Ireland, Friend William Henry Harvey would receive an appointment as Professor of Botany at Trinity College. HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1857

Professor Asa Gray issued FIRST LESSONS IN BOTANY AND VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY.

Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation was biological.

Professor William Henry Harvey’s NEREIS BOREALI-AMERICANA: OR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTORY OF THE MARINE ALGAE OF NORTH AMERICA. PART III.— CHLOROSPERMEÆ (Smithsonian Institution). Also, his “Short description of some new British algae, with two plates,” in Natural History Review (4:201-204). HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

From this year into 1859, Professor Sir William Jackson Hooker’s FILICES EXOTICAE (EXOTIC FERNS). HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1858

Charles Scammon discovered the breeding grounds of the gray whale, in Baja waters. Soon the Pacific population of these animals, the Atlantic population of which had already been wiped out, would also be seriously threatened.

Up to this point, findings of human remains and artifacts in conjunction with the remains of extinct species had been disputable, because there was always the possibility that modern human hoaxers had dug holes and buried modern artifacts and/or human bones with the remains of these extinct species. In this year the entrance to an entirely undisturbed cave was uncovered on Windmill Hill above Brixham harbor in England, and the new site was excavated under the attentive supervision of a committee of eminent geologists. A layer of cave stone that sealed the site was first fully exposed and it was painstakingly verified that this barrier contained no breaks or holes from modern excavations. Under this intact layer were discovered the bones of cave lion, cave bear, hyena, mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, and reindeer, along with numerous flint tools which could have been shaped only by humans. There could be no doubt of the stratigraphy or the association. The existence of prehistoric humans had finally been verified in such manner as to put to rest all dissension.

The prospect of human extinction as a consequence of climatic change was first hypothesized, by J. Spotswood Wilson, in a paper entitled “On the General and Gradual Deterioration of the Earth and Atmosphere.” From this point forward, the building levels of greenhouse gasses being created by human civilization would come to be identified more and more as a focus for concern.

Alfred Russel Wallace had already written, in 1855, an essay “On the Law Which Has Regulated the Introduction of New Species” which made clear his belief in what we now term evolution, which had been seen by Lyell and shown to Charles Darwin. In 1856 and 1857 he had followed this up by describing a provisional model of the relation of biogeography to organic change. In this year he wrote Darwin directly and much more specifically about new thoughts he had been having on the topic of descent with modification. Darwin and Wallace were hastily paired to jointly present their ideas “On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection” before the Linnaean Society. Darwin had been slow and cautious about publishing his concepts concerning evolution. When a letter describing many of the same, independently conceived ideas arrived from Wallace to be read before the Society, arrangements were made to establish Darwin’s priority — as he had been circulating drafts of future publications among friends in London.

In this year Wallace set up a residence in New Guinea. He came to be of the suspicion that the Papuans were not of Malay stock. He defended, and eventually would institutionalize, the faunal realms classification scheme that had been developed by Philip L. Sclater.

Professor Asa Gray issued HOW PLANTS GROW, and revised his BOTANICAL TEXTBOOK.

Professor William Henry Harvey’s “List of Arctic Algae, Chiefly Compiled from Collections Brought Home by Officers of the Recent Searching Expeditions,” in SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO KNOWLEDGE (Part III, Supplement 2:132-134). Also, his and Otto Wilhelm Sonder’s three-volume 1859-1865 FLORA CAPENSIS (Cape Town and Dublin). FLORA CAPENSIS HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1860

Mr. Shaw’s Garden, later to become the Missouri Botanical Garden, in St. Louis, opened to the public.

Professor William Henry Harvey’s “Algae” (pages 242-383, plates 185-196 in THE BOTANY OF THE ANTARCTIC VOYAGE, PART III. FLORA TASMANIAE (Volume 2, edited by J.D. Hooker) (London: L. Reeve).

During this year and the following one, Professor Sir William Jackson Hooker’s A SECOND CENTURY OF FERNS.

February 17, Friday: Bronson Alcott came home from Boston with a copy of the March issue of Atlantic Monthly, containing Louisa May Alcott’s article “Love and Self-Love.”

Professor William Henry Harvey read a “serio-comic squib” on Darwinism, before the Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association. This would subsequently be printed for private circulation as A GUESS AS TO THE PROBABLE ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN ANIMAL CONSIDERED BY THE LIGHT OF MR DARWIN’S THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION, AND IN OPPOSITION TO LAMARCK’S NOTION OF A MONKEY PARENTAGE. Charles Darwin, who had a great admiration for Harvey’s work, would display a remarkable forbearance: I am not sorry for a natural opportunity of writing to Harvey, just to show that I was not piqued at his turning me and my book into ridicule, not that I think it was a proceeding that I deserved, or worthy of him.

Feb. 17. P. M.—Cold and northwest wind, drifting the snow. 3 P. M., thermometer 14°. A perfectly clear sky except one or two little cloud-flecks in the southwest, which, when I look again after walking forty rods, have entirely dissolved. When the sun is setting the light reflected from the snow-covered roofs is quite a clear pink, and even from white board fences. Grows colder yet at evening, and frost forms on the windows. I hear that some say they saw a bluebird and heard it sing last week!! It was probably a shrike. Minott says that he hears that Heard’s testimony in regard to Concord River in the meadow case was that “it is dammed at both ends and cursed in the middle,” i. e. on account of the damage to the grass there. GEORGE MINOTT We cannot spare the very lively and lifelike descriptions of some of the old naturalists. They sympathize with the creatures which they describe. Edward Topsell in his translation of Conrad Gesner, in 1607, called “The CONRAD GESNER History of Four-footed Beasts,” says of the antelopes that “they are bred in India and Syria, near the river Euphrates,” and then—which enables you to realize the living creature and its habitat—he adds, “and delight EDWARD TOPSELL much to drink of the cold water thereof.” The beasts which most modern naturalists describe do not delight in anything, and their water is neither hot nor cold. Reading the above makes you want to go and drink of the Euphrates yourself, if it is warm weather. I do not know how much of his spirit he owes to Gesner, but he proceeds in his translation to say that “they have horns growing forth of the crown of their head, which are very long and sharp; so that Alexander affirmed they pierced through the shields of his soldiers, and fought with them very irefully: at which time his company slew as he travelled to India, eight thousand five hundred and fifty, which great slaughter may be the occasion why they are so rare and seldom seen to this day.” Now here something is described at any rate; it is a real account, whether of a real animal or not. You can plainly see the horns which “grew forth” from their crowns, and how well that word “irefully” describes a beast’s fighting! And then for the number which Alexander’s men slew “as he travelled to India,” — and what a travelling was that, my hearers! — eight thousand five hundred and fifty, just the number you would have guessed after the thousands were given, and [AN] easy one to remember too. He goes on to say that “their horns are great and made like a saw, and they with them can cut asunder the branches of osier or small trees, whereby it cometh to pass that many times their necks are taken in the twists of the falling boughs, whereat the beast with repining cry, bewrayeth himself to the hunters, and so is taken.” The artist too has done his part equally well, HDT WHAT? INDEX

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for you are presented with a drawing of the beast with serrated horns, the tail of a lion, a cheek tooth (canine?) as big as a boar’s, a stout front, and an exceedingly “ireful” look, as if he were facing all Alexander’s army. Though some beasts are described in this book which have no existence as I can learn but in the imagination of the writers, they really have an existence there, which is saying not a little, for most of our modern authors have not imagined the actual beasts which they presume to describe. The very frontispiece is a figure of “the gorgon,” which looks sufficiently like a hungry beast covered with scales, which you may have dreamed of, apparently just fallen on the track of you, the reader, and snuffing the odor with greediness. These men had an adequate idea of a beast, or what a beast should be, a very bellua (the translator makes the CAT word bestia to be “a vastando”); and they will describe and will draw you a cat with four strokes, more beastly or beast-like to look at than Mr. Ruskin’s favorite artist draws a tiger. They had an adequate idea of the wildness of beasts and of men, and in their descriptions and drawings they did not always fail when they surpassed nature. Gesner says of apes that “they are held for a subtil, ironical, ridiculous and unprofitable beast, whose flesh is not good for meat as a sheep, neither his back for burthen as an asses, nor yet commodious to keep a house like a dog, but of the Grecians termed gelotopoios, made for laughter.” As an evidence of an ape’s want of “discretion,” he says: “A certain ape after a shipwreck, swimming to land, was seen by a countryman, who thinking him to be a man in the water gave him his hand to save him, yet in the mean time asked him what countryman he was, to which he answered that he was an Athenian: Well, said the man, dost thou know Piraeus (a port in Athens)? Very well, said the ape, and his wife, friends and children. Whereat the man being moved, did what he could to drown him.” “They are best contented to sit aloft although tied with chains.... They bring forth young ones for the most part by twins, whereof they love the one and hate the other; that which they love they bear on their arms, the other hangeth at the dam’s back, and for the most part she killeth that which she loveth, by pressing it too hard: afterward, she setteth her whole delight upon the other.” HDT WHAT? INDEX

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November 3, Sunday: Professor William Henry Harvey wrote to Harvard professor Asa Gray about the completion of his reading of Charles Darwin’s ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES: I have no objection per se to a doctrine of derivative descent.... I have had a short friendly correspondence with Darwin on the subject, but without much result one way or the other.... His latter chapters are those which have most impressed me.... Certainly there are many broad facts which can be read by a supposition of descent with variation. How broad those facts are, and how broad the limits of descent with variation may be, are questions which I do not think his theory affords answer to. It opens vistas vast, and so it evidently points whence, through time, light may come by which to see the objects in those vistas, HDT WHAT? INDEX

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but to my mind it does no more.... A good deal of Darwin reads to me like an ingenious dream. ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES

Friend Lucretia Mott, the foremost spokesperson for nonviolence in the abolitionist movement in America, brought forward the position she had taken in regard to the “Christiana riot” near Philadelphia by declaring in regard to the raid by John Brown that8

It is not John Brown the soldier we praise, it is John Brown the moral hero; John Brown the noble confessor and patient martyr we honor, and whom we think it proper to honor in this day when men are carried away by the corrupt and proslavery clamour against him. Our weapons were drawn only from the armory of Truth; they were those of faith and love.

Nevertheless, in this supercharged atmosphere in which men were just then being asked to abandon the arms of faith and love in order to pick up the “New Minnie,” Lucretia’s use of the vocabulary of violence, her use of terms like “weapons” and “armory,” were bound to be problematic, bound to be misused by those, such as Horace Greeley, who were determined to misunderstand and mock.

8. We might say that HDT was the most belligerent nonresistor of evil the world had yet seen, but in fact that description had already been awarded to someone. It was awarded by Robert Purvis to Lucretia Mott, and there is no shadow of a doubt that Friend Lucretia was a convinced disbeliever in violence. These words of hers are from the National Anti-Slavery Standard of November 3, 1860. HDT WHAT? INDEX

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[NO ENTRY IN THOREAU’S JOURNAL, FOR 3 NOVEMBER] HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1861

Professor William Henry Harvey got married with Friend Elizabeth Lecky Phelps of Waterpark, County Limerick (they had known each other for a very long time; unfortunately, however, the bridegroom would soon begin to hemorrhage). HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1862

Friend Alfred H. Love’s AN APPEAL IN VINDICATION OF PEACE PRINCIPLES, AND AGAINST RESISTANCE BY FORCE OF ARMS (Philadelphia: Maas and Vogdes). THE QUAKER PEACE TESTIMONY

Professor William Henry Harvey’s PHYCOLOGIA AUSTRALICA (London: Volume 4, plates 181-240). Also, his “Notice of a collection of algae made on the northwest coast of North America, chiefly at Vancouver’s Island, by David Lyall, Esq., M.D., R.N., in the years 1859-1861,” in Journal of the Linnaean Society Bot. (6:157- 177). Also, Friend William’s religious views as expressed in correspondence with his friend Josiah Gough were published in the form CHARLES AND JOSIAH: OR FRIENDLY CONVERSATIONS BETWEEN A CHURCHMAN AND A QUAKER (Dublin: Hodges, Smith and Co. Grafton-Street; London:—Bell and Daldy). CHARLES AND JOSIAH HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1865

Late in the year: The British authorities struck again against the “Fenian” movement of the secret Irish Republican Brotherhood. Among those arrested was their recruiter John Boyle O’Reilly. He would be sentenced to transportation into a 20-year period of penal servitude (after initially having been marked for execution).

Professor William Henry Harvey became seriously ill. HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1866

May 15, Tuesday: William Henry Harvey succumbed to his lifelong tuberculosis at Torquay. The body is there in Devon on the south-western tip of England, while his main algal herbarium is at Trinity College, Dublin. During his 55 years he had described in excess of 750 species, and more than 75 genera of algae. His friend Harvard professor Asa Gray would issue a 4-page pamphlet of tribute, WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY. HDT WHAT? INDEX

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1868

James Arnold left a portion of his estate in trust and Harvard College agreed to establish the Arnold Arboretum.

Posthumously, William Henry Harvey’s THE GENERA OF SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS was reissued in London, in an enlarged 2d edition edited by Sir J.D. Hooker. BOTANIZING

Opening of the American Museum of Natural History in New-York. Let’s conserve our natural history — let’s put it where it belongs, in a museum where it can be properly respected. CONSERVATIONISM HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

1869

Lydia J. Fisher edited a MEMOIR OF W.H. HARVEY, M.D., F.R.S., ETC., ETC., LATE PROFESSOR OF BOTANY, TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN. WITH SELECTIONS FROM HIS JOURNAL AND CORRESPONDENCE (London: Bell and Daldy, York Street, Covent Garden). MEMOIR OF W. H. HARVEY HDT WHAT? INDEX

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2010

Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon, and Susan F. Marseken’s WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY (VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller AG & Co. Kg).

Henry Petroski’s THE ESSENTIAL ENGINEER: WHY SCIENCE ALONE WILL NOT SOLVE OUR GLOBAL PROBLEMS.

“MAGISTERIAL HISTORY” IS FANTASIZING: HISTORY IS CHRONOLOGY

“Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project People of Cape Cod: William Henry Harvey HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

COPYRIGHT NOTICE: In addition to the property of others, such as extensive quotations and reproductions of images, this “read-only” computer file contains a great deal of special work product of Austin Meredith, copyright 2015. Access to these interim materials will eventually be offered for a fee in order to recoup some of the costs of preparation. My hypercontext button invention which, instead of creating a hypertext leap through hyperspace —resulting in navigation problems— allows for an utter alteration of the context within which one is experiencing a specific content already being viewed, is claimed as proprietary to Austin Meredith — and therefore freely available for use by all. Limited permission to copy such files, or any material from such files, must be obtained in advance in writing from the “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project, 833 Berkeley St., Durham NC 27705. Please contact the project at .

“It’s all now you see. Yesterday won’t be over until tomorrow and tomorrow began ten thousand years ago.” – Remark by character “Garin Stevens” in William Faulkner’s INTRUDER IN THE DUST

Prepared: February 16, 2015 HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD ARRGH AUTOMATED RESEARCH REPORT

GENERATION HOTLINE

This stuff presumably looks to you as if it were generated by a human. Such is not the case. Instead, someone has requested that we pull it out of the hat of a pirate who has grown out of the shoulder of our pet parrot “Laura” (as above). What these chronological lists are: they are research reports compiled by ARRGH algorithms out of a database of modules which we term the Kouroo Contexture (this is data mining). To respond to such a request for information we merely push a button. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF CAPE COD:WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY PEOPLE MENTIONED IN CAPE COD

Commonly, the first output of the algorithm has obvious deficiencies and we need to go back into the modules stored in the contexture and do a minor amount of tweaking, and then we need to punch that button again and recompile the chronology — but there is nothing here that remotely resembles the ordinary “writerly” process you know and love. As the contents of this originating contexture improve, and as the programming improves, and as funding becomes available (to date no funding whatever has been needed in the creation of this facility, the entire operation being run out of pocket change) we expect a diminished need to do such tweaking and recompiling, and we fully expect to achieve a simulation of a generous and untiring robotic research librarian. Onward and upward in this brave new world.

First come first serve. There is no charge. Place requests with . Arrgh.