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Pakistan: Sindh Coastal Community Development Project – Mangroves Raised by Coastal Forest Division Sindh Forest Department, Government Of Environmental Monitoring Report Final Monitoring Report June 2013 Pakistan: Sindh Coastal Community Development Project – Mangroves Raised by Coastal Forest Division Sindh Forest Department, Government of Sindh At Shah Bundar & Keti Bundar Prepared by International Union for Conservation of Nature, Pakistan Country Office for the Government of Sindh, Pakistan and the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 June 2013) Currency unit – pak rupees (PRs) PRs 1.00 = $ .01005 $1.00 = PRs. 99.5500 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank CBO – community based organization CFD – Coastal Forest Department DFO – divisional forest officer CO – community organization EA – environmental assessment GIS – geographic information system GPS – global positioning system IUCN – International Union for Conservation Of Nature M&E – monitoring and evaluation MoU – memorandum of understanding NRSP – National Rural Support Programme PMU – project management unit SCCDP – Sindh Coastal Community Development Project SCD A – Sindh Coastal Development Authority SFD – Sindh Forest Department SRS – sample random sampling VO – village organization This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Final Monitoring Report Mangroves Raised by Coastal Forest Division Sindh Forest Department, Government of Sindh At Shah Bundar & Keti Bundar International Union for Conservation of Nature, Pakistan Sindh Coastal Community Development Project (SCCDP) June, 2013 Prepared by IUCN Pakistan IUCN Pakistan Country Office 1 Bath Island Road, Karachi 75530, kistan Tel: ++ 92 (21) 35861540-3 Fax: ++ 92 (21) 35861448, 5835760 Cover Photo: Ceriops tagal, Marwari Creek, Keti Bundar, May, 2013 Sindh Coastal Communities Development Project in Badin and Thatta Districts - IUCN Pakistan ii Table of Contents I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 5 II. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 7 II. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING ............................................................... 7 III. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 9 i. Pre-Planting Site Selection ........................................................................................ 9 ii. Post-Planting Monitoring .......................................................................................... 9 iii. Assessment of Survival/Success Percentage of Mangrove Plantations ................. 10 iv. Assessment of Planting Process and Approach ...................................................... 11 IV. FINDINGS OF MONITORING & EVALUATION .......................................................... 11 V. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................. 22 i. Technical Aspect of the Project .............................................................................. 22 a. Estimated Survival Percentage ............................................................................ 22 b. Plant Growth ........................................................................................................ 23 c. Choice of Species and Planting Methodology ..................................................... 24 d. Area Planted ........................................................................................................ 25 e. Container Plant Nursery ...................................................................................... 28 ii. Planting Process and Approach .............................................................................. 31 a. Community Engagement ..................................................................................... 31 b. Organisational Collaboration .............................................................................. 32 VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 32 Annexure I: Lists OF Randomly Selected Coordinates ............................................... 36 Annexure I: Lists OF Randomly Selected Coordinates ............................................... 37 Annexure II: Statistical Analysis .................................................................................. 38 Glossary ADB: Asian Development Bank CBO: Community Based Organization CO: Community Organization CFD: Coastal Forest Division EA: Environmental Assessment GIS: Geographic Information System GPS: Global Positioning System IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources M&E: Monitoring and Evaluation MoU: Memorandum of Understanding NRSP: National Rural Support Program PMU: Project Management Unit SCDA: Sindh Coastal Development Authority SFD: Sindh Forest Department SSCDP: Sindh Coastal Community Development Project SRS: Simple Random Sampling VO: Village Organization 4 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Sindh Coastal Community Development Project (SCCDP) aimed at reducing poverty among the poor inhabitants of the coastal zone of Thatta and Badin districts in Sindh. The project strategy was to help poor families by increasing their income, access to public services and their capacity to manage the natural resource based on which their livelihoods are dependent. The project envisaged implementation at two major technical levels, firstly, by undertaking mangrove restoration/rehabilitation activities and secondary by introducing aquaculture. Pakistan’s mangrove ecosystem provides a number of valuable goods and services. They support the fisheries sector by serving as breeding grounds for shrimp and fish species. They are also a source of fuel wood and fodder for local communities. Mangroves play an important role in disaster protection by reducing the impacts of strong waves generated cyclones and storms in coastal areas. The SCCDP is working towards increasing income, access to public services and capacity of local communities (who are mostly agriculturalists and fishermen) to manage the natural resource base on which they live. The Project also strives to improve conditions of coastal forestry and fisheries, as well as improve coastal zone management. IUCN Pakistan has developed a monitoring framework for monitoring the process and approaches adopted in the planting of 10,000 ha plantation done by the Sindh Forest Department under the SCCDP project. The methodology follows the specified guidelines and indicators identified and prescribed in the monitoring framework. The monitoring approach involved several steps. To establish a baseline, the sites were reconfirmed and intensively visited by IUCN staff jointly with the staff of the Coastal Forestry Division (CFD) of the Sindh Forest Department (SFD) during the months of Junuary to April each year. To select and assess the target area for 2013, a joint visit by the IUCN team and CFD staff was made in January, 2013 to establish the baseline. A GIS map was prepared and then shared with the Project Director, SCCDP and DFO-CFD, Karachi. Monitoring of mangrove areas is a daunting task in terms of their inter-tidal characteristics, remoteness which are subject to tidal phenomenon which limits access to these areas. Hence, the ability to access and monitor planted areas are subject to suitable tide and weather conditions. In order to assess survival and success percentage of new and previously planted areas, a Simple Random Sampling (SRS) approach was adopted. SRS is a widely used sampling approach to make inference about a population from data collected through the independently selected samples. Using SRS, randomly selected geographic locations were identified within the sites planted under the project at Shah Bundar and Keti Bundar. The randomization was undertaken on the basis of the extent of both East longitudinal and North latitudinal coordinates encompassing the entire planted areas. The findings of the Fifth Monitoring Report reveal that the Sindh Forest Department has achieved the physical targets of mangrove plantations over 10,000 ha assigned to them, with the overall highly satisfactory level of survival or success. Up to 2013, the net area planted has been estimated 10,250 ha against reported area 10,000 ha by SDF, with a difference of 250 ha which makes 2.43% of the total target area which is surplus to the actual target. This indicates that the SFD has successfully achieved 100% target by June, 2013. 5 The observed survival percentage of plantation established in 2009-2012 has been estimated 76% at Keti Bundar and 74% at Shah Bundar which may be considered as a reasonably good success considering the adverse silvicultural and climatic factors. Moreover, the excellent survival rate was recorded in the areas planted during 2013, at Shah Bundar with 96% ad Keti Bundar 100% with overall success of 98%. In addition, the newly and old planted areas have a very good and profuse natural regeneration of Avicennia spp: which is coming up very well and needs immediate thinning operations
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