DOCSLIB.ORG

Combating Recidivist Crime in London: the Origins and Effectiveness of Legislation Against Habitual Criminals, 1869 to 1895

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Combating Recidivist Crime in London: the Origins and Effectiveness of Legislation Against Habitual Criminals, 1869 to 1895 Combating Recidivist Crime in London: the Origins and Effectiveness of Legislation against Habitual Criminals, 1869 to 1895 Matthew Bach (159451) Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2017 School of Historical and Philosophical Studies The University of Melbourne Abstract There has been much research beginning in the 1970s regarding efforts of the mid and late Victorian state to control repeat offenders. These offenders were widely believed to be habitual criminals, who collectively constituted a criminal class. The overall image that emerges from the literature is of increasingly organised police forces working with the courts in order to successfully target members of the so-called criminal class for arrest and harsh punishment. However, little is known about the operation of the only two acts of parliament that specifically targeted this group: the Habitual Criminals Act 1869 and the Prevention of Crime Act 1871. This study investigates the genesis of these measures and the outcomes desired by their proponents. It then assesses the extent to which these outcomes were achieved in London, which was the focal point of many anxieties regarding crime and the activities of repeat offenders. An analysis of the available evidence contradicts the widely held assumption that in Victorian Britain the police and the courts willingly worked alongside parliament, with significant success, to repress elements of the working class that were deemed a threat to law and order. Indeed, in London the police and courts did not cooperate closely with the parliament to enforce these acts. ii Declaration This thesis comprises my own work, and due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used. The thesis is fewer than 100,000 words in length, exclusive of text accompanying tables and the bibliography. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements v List of tables vi Introduction 1 Chapter 1 The Origins of the Habitual Criminals Act 1869 35 Chapter 2 The Passage and Early Operation of the Habitual Criminals Act 1869 74 Chapter 3 The Registration of Habitual Criminals, 1871-1895 106 Chapter 4 Police Supervision of Habitual Criminals, 1871-1895 140 Chapter 5 The Sentencing of Habitual Criminals, 1871-1895 168 Conclusion 201 Bibliography 210 iv Acknowledgements I would very much like to thank my supervisor, Professor Elizabeth Malcolm, for her expert advice, great patience and fulsome encouragement. Without her this work would certainly not have been possible. My other supervisors, Professors Joy Damousi and Gillian Russell and Dr Una McIlvenna, were also of much help. Lastly, but by no means least, I would like to thank my wife Amy for her unfailing love and support over the course of this study. v List of tables 3.1. Use and success of the Registry in London, 1870-3, p. 114 3.2. Attendances at the Convict Supervision Office, 1890-4, p. 122 3.3. Search forms filed at the Convict Supervision Office, 1891-4, p. 122 3.4. Identifications made at the Convict Supervision Office, 1890-4, p. 123 3.5. Prisoners identified in Holloway by Criminal Investigations Officers and Warders as having been previously convicted, p. 129 3.6. The rate of prosecution of habitual criminals in various English cities, 1871-90, p. 136 4.1. People convicted within the Metropolitan Police District and sentenced to a period of police supervision, 1870-3, p. 149 4.2. Habitual criminals apprehended in the Metropolitan Police District for failure to report, 1888-94, p. 161 4.3. Licence holders, supervisees, and expirees apprehended for fresh offences, 1888-94, p. 161 5.1. Persons convicted within the Metropolitan and City of London Police Districts of crime, with sentences and proportion of all convictions, 1870-3, p. 178 5.2. Sentences of penal servitude in London, including as a percentage of all those convicted, 1870-3 and 1893-5, p. 190 vi Introduction The criminal classes … is [sic], in fact, a great army – an army making war on society, and it is necessary that society should for its own defence make war upon them … Now, the question that presents itself is this – How are we to deal with this vast mass of criminals – with this great army of crime with which we have to contend?1 The Earl of Kimberley, Liberal peer, 26 Feb. 1869. In 1869 the new Liberal government of the United Kingdom, led by William Gladstone, provided a response to this question through the introduction of a remarkable piece of legislation. The Habitual Criminals Act 1869 introduced a system of police supervision in the community for specified repeat offenders and a central registry containing information regarding all so-called habitual criminals. The former measure, the government hoped, would lead to a decrease in crime among this group of offenders. The latter was intended to aid police supervision and to ensure magistrates and judges had all relevant information about offenders before them at the point of sentencing. The legislation, which was re-enacted in 1871 with several alterations, was remarkable for its repressive potential and for the manner in which it reversed the parliament’s long-held position on police supervision. The threat posed by repeat offenders was apparently so great that individual liberty was now relegated to a position of secondary import. Historians have offered differing views regarding the motivation for and effects of mid and late Victorian efforts to control elements of the working class that were deemed unruly. However, the genesis and impact of the only two pieces of legislation that were specifically designed to combat the so-called criminal class are poorly understood. This thesis aims to assess why the legislation was introduced and why it was re-enacted so soon after. Then, it seeks to explore the extent to which the key aims of the government were achieved in London’s Metropolitan Police District in the period up to 1895. In doing so this thesis will, in 1 The Earl of Kimberley (Liberal), 194 Parl. Deb., H.C. (3rd ser.), col. 338 (26 Feb. 1869). 1 particular, contribute to broader debates concerning the ability of the mid and late Victorian state to control the working class. Firstly, it is necessary to explain why this location and time period have been chosen. The legislation applied throughout the United Kingdom. Yet London was the focal point of many anxieties regarding crime and the activities of a so-called criminal class.2 As will be discussed below, concerns about a criminal class were fostered by published statistics estimating its size, and because of the gradual cessation of transportation to Australia, which occurred between 1840 and 1868. Such concerns centred on London because of the opportunities for concealment of criminal activity presented by a city of its size and character, its great wealth, and a significant media-inspired panic regarding crime in the capital in 1862. The 1851 census revealed that London’s population was 2,362,236. This figure grew significantly over the coming decades, reaching 4,231,431 in 1891. The commissioner of the Metropolitan Police Force consistently noted that such a large, and growing, population centre presented great opportunities for criminals to evade the police.3 Anonymity was made easier by the physical layout of the city. In 1869 the journalist James Greenwood listed various ‘vile nests’ – often called rookeries – that appeared almost to have been designed for the concealment of crime.4 Other contemporary sources also noted that London appeared to be a ‘maze’.5 In addition, London was the seat of much wealth. According to the social commentator Henry Solly, this made it a magnet for what he labelled ‘the rough’.6 In short, evidence reveals 2 S. J. Stevenson, ‘The ‘Habitual Criminal’ in Nineteenth-Century England: Some Observations on the Figures’, Urban History, vol. 13 (May 1986), pp. 37-60; Donald Thomas, The Victorian Underworld, London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1998, p. 3; Lynda Nead, Victorian Babylon: People, Streets and Images in Nineteenth-Century London, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000, pp. 3-10, 71-2. 3 For representative comments see the Report of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, [C 150] H.C. 1870, xxxvi, p. 2; Report of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, [C 358] H.C. 1871, xxviii, p. 3; Report of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, [C 652] H.C. 1872, xxx, p. 3; Report of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, [C 839] H.C. 1873, xxxi, p. 1. 4 James Greenwood, The Seven Curses of London, London: Stanley Rivers and Co., 1869, p. 68. 5 Nead, Victorian Babylon, p. 4; Jon Mee, The Cambridge Introduction to Charles Dickens, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 56. 6 Henry Solly, A Few Thoughts on how to Deal with the Unemployed Poor of London, and with its ‘Roughs’ and Criminal Classes, n.p.p.: Society of Arts, 1868. 2 significant concern that London was, in Gareth Stedman Jones’ words, ‘the Mecca of the dissolute’.7 The impact of the 1869 and 1871 legislation in the City of London, which was policed by a small and separate force, is not considered here. This is because there is limited data for London’s financial and business centre, which covers only slightly more than one square mile. A press-inspired panic regarding violent crime in London by repeat offenders in 1862 heightened these anxieties.8 Between midnight and one o’clock on the morning of 17 July 1862 James Pilkington, M.P. for Blackburn, was attacked by two men while en route to the Reform Club following a late sitting of the House of Commons. This attack was widely reported as an example of garotting, in which the victim is attacked from behind and incapacitated by pressure from the assailant’s arm upon the throat.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thesis Is Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Western Australia
    SURVIVING THE COLONY THE IMPACT OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN CONVICT SYSTEM ON PRISONER HEALTH, 1850-1877 Louis W. Marshall BA (Hons.), BSc This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia School of Humanities Discipline of History August 2018 THESIS DECLARATION I, Louis Marshall, certify that: This thesis has been substantially accomplished during enrolment in the degree. This thesis does not contain material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in my name, in any university or other tertiary institution. No part of this work will, in the future, be used in a submission in my name, for any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution without the prior approval of The University of Western Australia and where applicable, any partner institution responsible for the joint-award of this degree. This thesis does not contain any material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. The work(s) are not in any way a violation or infringement of any copyright, trademark, patent, or other rights whatsoever of any person. This thesis does not contain work that I have published, nor work under review for publication. Signature: Date: 16/8/ ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines the severity of convict experiences in Western Australia, through an analysis of the illnesses and injuries transportees suffered. Harnessing prisoner medical records in conjunction with convict-written accounts and official correspondence and statistics, it explores the living and labour conditions convicts faced, the health impacts of their punishment, and the objectives of convict administrators.
    [Show full text]
  • Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zoab Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 46106 7619623
    INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) dr section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages, This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Fremantle Prison Australian History Curriculum Links
    AUSTRALIAN HISTORY CURRICULUM @ FREMANTLE PRISON LINKS FOR YEAR 9 FREMANTLE PRISON AUSTRALIAN HISTORY CURRICULUM LINKS FOR YEAR 9 THE MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD – MOVEMENT OF PEOPLES 1 AUSTRALIAN HISTORY CURRICULUM @ FREMANTLE PRISON LINKS FOR YEAR 9 CONTENTS Fremantle Prison 3 Curriculum Links 4 Historical Inquiry 6 Planning a School Excursion 8 Suggested Pre‐Visit Activity 11 Suggested Post‐Visit Activity 13 Historical Overview – Convict and Colonial Era 14 2 AUSTRALIAN HISTORY CURRICULUM @ FREMANTLE PRISON LINKS FOR YEAR 9 FREMANTLE PRISON In 2010 Fremantle Prison, along with 10 other historic convict sites around Australia, was placed on the World Heritage Register for places of universal significance. Collectively known as the Australian Convict Sites these places tell the story of the colonisation of Australia and the building of a nation. Fremantle Prison is Western Australia’s most important historical site. As a World Heritage Site, Fremantle Prison is recognised as having the same level of cultural significance as other iconic sites such as the Pyramids of Egypt, the Great Wall of China, or the Historic Centre of Rome. For 136 years between 1855 and 1991 Fremantle Prison was continuously occupied by prisoners. Convicts built the Prison between 1851 and 1859. Initially called the Convict Establishment, Fremantle Prison held male prisoners of the British Government transported to Western Australia. After 1886 Fremantle Prison became the colony’s main place of incarceration for men, women and juveniles. Fremantle Prison itself was finally decommissioned in November 1991 when its male prisoners were transferred to the new maximum security prison at Casuarina. Fremantle Prison was a brutal place of violent punishments such as floggings and hangings.
    [Show full text]
  • EXAMINER Issue 4.Pdf
    Jabez Balfour THE CASEBOOK The Cattleman, Analyses The Lunatic, The Ripper & The Doctor Murders Tom Wescott issue four October 2010 JACK THE RIPPER STUDIES, TRUE CRIME & L.V.P. SOCIAL HISTORY INTERNatIONAL MAN OF MYSTERY R J Palmer concludes his examination of Inspector Andrews D M Gates Puts his stamp GOING on the 1888 Kelly Postal POStal Directory THE CASEBOOK The contents of Casebook Examiner No. 4 October 2010 are copyright © 2010 Casebook.org. The authors of issue four signed articles, essays, letters, reviews October 2010 and other items retain the copyright of their respective contributions. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication, except for brief quotations where credit is given, may be repro- CONTENTS: duced, stored in a retrieval system, The Lull Before the Storm pg 3 On The Case transmitted or otherwise circulated in any form or by any means, including Subscription Information pg 5 News From Ripper World pg 120 digital, electronic, printed, mechani- On The Case Extra Behind the Scenes in America cal, photocopying, recording or any Feature Stories pg 121 R. J. Palmer pg 6 other, without the express written per- Plotting the 1888 Kelly Directory On The Case Puzzling mission of Casebook.org. The unau- D. M. Gates pg 52 Conundrums Logic Puzzle pg 128 thorized reproduction or circulation of Jabez Balfour and The Ripper Ultimate Ripperologists’ Tour this publication or any part thereof, Murders pg 65 Canterbury to Hampton whether for monetary gain or not, is & Herne Bay, Kent pg 130 strictly prohibited and may constitute The Cattleman, The Lunatic, and copyright infringement as defined in The Doctor CSI: Whitechapel Tom Wescott pg 84 Catherine Eddowes pg 138 domestic laws and international agree- From the Casebook Archives ments and give rise to civil liability and Undercover Investigations criminal prosecution.
    [Show full text]
  • Hazelwood School – a Catalyst for Reformatory Education?
    HAZELWOOD SCHOOL – A CATALYST FOR REFORMATORY EDUCATION? Daniel Wale Abstract Hazelwood School was established at the beginning of the nineteenth century, in Birmingham, by the Hill family. This paper argues that the ethos and unique practices adopted at the school by the Hills, together with their individual activities, which were influenced by a series of socially-minded individuals with whom they came into contact, can be seen as contributing to the choice of Birmingham as the location for the first national conference on the reform of juvenile criminals, held in 1851, and to the development of the reformatory and industrial schools that were later established to accommodate criminal children. Additionally, the efforts of successive generations of the Hill family, who continued to work to improve the treatment of neglected and criminal children, were so progressive that their influence extended beyond Victorian Britain. In 1851 Birmingham hosted the first national conference on the reform of juvenile criminals (Barnard, 1857, p.307). Later legislative changes eventually abolished the jailing of children but why did Birmingham host this first conference? My research into juvenile crime in Victorian Birmingham has led me to examine Hazelwood School as being a potential catalyst for both this and the subsequent development of reformatory education. Historians and educationalists have examined the school before, though only for its influence on mainstream education. The practical application of many of the subjects offered was noteworthy when compared to traditional teaching methods. Michael Sadler (1923, p.5) highlighted this and John Adamson (1930, pp.272-273) underlined the unusual diversity of its curriculum.
    [Show full text]
  • Unitarian Members of Parliament in the Nineteenth Century
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stirling Online Research Repository Unitarian Members of Parliament in the Nineteenth Century A Catalogue D. W. Bebbington Professor of History, University of Stirling The catalogue that follows contains biographical data on the Unitarians who sat in the House of Commons during the nineteenth century. The main list, which includes ninety-seven MPs, is the body of evidence on which the paper on „Unitarian Members of Parliament in the Nineteenth Century‟ is based. The paper discusses the difficulty of identifying who should be treated as a Unitarian, the criterion chosen being that the individual appears to have been a practising adherent of the denomination at the time of his service in parliament. A supplementary list of supposed Unitarian MPs, which follows the main list, includes those who have sometimes been identified as Unitarians but who by this criterion were not and some who may have been affiliated to the denomination but who were probably not. The borderline is less sharp than might be wished, and, when further research has been done, a few in each list may need to be transferred to the other. Each entry contains information in roughly the same order. After the name appear the dates of birth and death and the period as an MP. Then a paragraph contains general biographical details drawn from the sources indicated at the end of the entry. A further paragraph discusses religious affiliation and activities. Unattributed quotations with dates are from Dod’s Parliamentary Companion, as presented in Who’s Who of British Members of Parliament.
    [Show full text]
  • Vladimir Burtsev and the Russian Revolutionary Emigration: Surveillance of Foreign Political Refugees in London, 1891-1905
    Vladimir Burtsev and the Russian revolutionary emigration: surveillance of foreign political refugees in London, 1891-1905. Henderson, Robert The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author For additional information about this publication click this link. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/1461 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] Vladimir Burtsev and the Russian Revolutionary Emigration: Surveillance of Foreign Political Refugees in London, 1891-1905. Robert Henderson Queen Mary, University of London PhD Thesis September 2008 I Declaration I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Signed: ýý` Date: .. .... ............ (Robert Henderson) 2 Abstract The thesis describes the early life in emigration of the Russian revolutionary, historian journalist (17/29 and radical Vladimir L'vovich Burtsev November 1862 - 21 August 1942). Particular emphasis is placed on the nature and extent of the police surveillance of Burtsev and the emigre community in Europe during the period. The relationship between the Criminal Investigation Department of London's Metropolitan Police and their Russian counterparts in Europe - the Zagranichnaia in detail. agentura, ('Foreign Agency') - is examined Burtsev's biography has great contemporary relevance, unfolding, as it does, in an atmosphere of increasing anxiety in Britain (both governmental and non-official) about growing numbers of foreign anarchists, terrorists, and `aliens' in general (which would lead, in due course, to the passing of the 1905 Aliens Act) and the increasingly interventionist police methods of the era.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix I: Biographical and American Notes
    Appendix I: Biographical and American Notes Liberal leaders Bright, John (1811–89): MP 1843–89; President of the Board of Trade, 1868–70; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1873–74 and 1880–82; supported the North during the Civil War. Primary American interest: free trade vs. protection. American friends: C. Sumner, Emerson, J. Motley, and J. Lowell. Bryce, James (1838–1922): MP 1880–1906; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1892–94; President of the Board of Trade, 1894–95; Chief Secretary for Ireland, 1905–06; Ambassador to US, 1907–13; The American Commonwealth (1888); regular contributions to the Nation; many other American articles, diaries of American visits, 1870, 1881, 1883 (Papers). Visited US 1870, 1881, 1883, 1889–90, 1891, 1901, 1904, and 1907–13. Many American friends. Chamberlain, Joseph (1836–1914): Birmingham municipal leader; Liberal MP 1876–86; Unionist MP 1886–1914; President of the Board of Trade, 1880–85; President of the Local Government Board, 1886; Colonial Secretary, 1895–1903; second wife, the American Miss Endicott (1888); articles on American politics and cities; diary of American visit, 1887–88 (Papers). Visited US 1887–88, 1888, 1890, and 1896. American friends: Henry White, Endicott family, and various others. Childers, H. C. E. (1827–96): MP 1860–92; First Lord of the Admiralty, 1868–71; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1872–73; Secretary of State for War, 1880–82; Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1882–85; Home Secretary, 1886; American business interests. Visited US 1859, 1874, 1875, 1876, and 1877. Dilke, Sir Charles W. (1843–1911): MP 1868–86, 1892–1911; Under-Secretary of the Foreign Office, 1880–82; President of the Local Government Board, 1882–85; Greater Britain (1868); Problems of Greater Britain (1890); expert on imperial affairs.
    [Show full text]
  • EXAMINER Issue 7.Pdf
    THE CASEBOOK Rogues’ A Cat’s Lick Gallery or Two Tom Wescott Jane Coram issue seven April 2011 JACK THE RIPPER STUDIES, TRUE CRIME & L.V.P. SOCIAL HISTORY Melville Macnaghten Revisited Part II: The Honourable Schoolboy BY JONATHAN HAINSWORTH Deemed Insane: Daniel Olsson An Interview with takes us on a tour Rob House of Gothenburg THE CASEBOOK The contents of Casebook Examiner No. 7 April 2011 are copyright © 2010 Casebook.org. The authors of signed issue seven articles, essays, letters, reviews and April 2011 other items retain the copyright of their respective contributions. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication, except for brief quotations where credit is given, maybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, CONTENTS: transmitted or otherwise circulated in any form or by any means, including digital, electronic, printed, mechanical, Has it Really Been a Year? Pg 3 Photographs of Dr LionelDruitt photocopying, recording or any other, Adam Went Pg 69 without the express written permission Melville Macnaghten Revisited of Casebook.org. The unauthorized Jonathan Hainsworth Pg 5 Book Reviews Pg 73 reproduction or circulation of this publication or any part thereof, A Berner Street Rogues Gallery Open Book Exam whether for monetary gain or not, is DonSouden Pg 81 Tom Wescott Pg 30 strictly prohibited and may constitute copyright infringement as defined in Ultimate Ripperologists’ Tour A Cat’s Lick or Two domestic laws and international agree- Gothenburg ments and give rise to civil liability and Jane Coram Pg52 Daniel Olsson Pg 87 criminal prosecution. The views, conclusions and opinions expressed in What if It Was? Deemed Insane: An Interview with articles, essays, letters and other items Don Souden Pg 63 Rob House Pg 99 published in Casebook Examiner are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views, conclusions and opinions of Casebook.
    [Show full text]
  • HENDERSON FAMILY Papers, 1852-97 Reel M2254
    AUSTRALIAN JOINT COPYING PROJECT HENDERSON FAMILY Papers, 1852-97 Reel M2254 Sir Edmund Neville Sloley Old Hall Sloley Norfolk National Library of Australia State Library of New South Wales Filmed: 1976 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES George Henderson (1785-1864), the son of a naval officer, joined the Royal Navy in 1794. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1804. He served under Sir Alexander Cochrane and Sir Samuel Hood. He was appointed a captain in 1810 and took part in the capture of Mauritius. At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, he went on the retired list. He was made a vice-admiral in 1855 and an admiral in 1860. Henderson married Frances Walcott in 1817 and they had six children. The eldest son, William G. Henderson (1819-1905) was dean of Carlisle Cathedral and the third son, Samuel Hood Henderson (1823-1882) was an admiral. Sir Edmund Yeamans Walcott Henderson (1821-1896) was the second son of George Henderson. He was born near Christchurch, Hampshire, and educated at King Edward’s School, Bruton, Somerset, and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers in 1838. He served in Canada from 1839 to 1848, apart from a year spent at Portsmouth, and carried out a detailed survey of the western half of New Brunswick to determine the possibility of establishing a railway between Halifax and Quebec. In 1847 he was promoted to captain and in 1848 he married Mary Murphy. In 1850 Henderson was appointed comptroller of convicts in Western Australia and arrived in Perth with the first party of convicts and a guard of sappers.
    [Show full text]
  • Munro Australia
    Munro Australia Newsletter of the Clan Munro (Association) Australia Volume 3 Issue 2 August 2005 Have you visited our Website at http://geocities.com/clanmunroau/index Chat From Scotland Sarah Munro of Foulis fiddle music videos are available, as is In the previous issue I suggested that our newsletter should have a name. The response was the Clan Munro video & a Clan not what I had hoped but I did receive a number of suggestions. The one I liked best was Munro Magazine index - details “The Eagle” but that is already being used so I decided, as one member suggested, to stick on page 3. with what we had (well almost). My thanks to those who took the trouble to respond. New Zealand Family trees - could members who have not already done so, please send me their family Margaret Weeden tells me that trees. It would be good to have a data base showing all our ancestors and maybe even they hold a Clan lunch every finding those who connect. This we have already started to do, sometimes by chance! This is few months in different parts of obviously a long term project for the future & could keep Ron & myself busy when we have the country – perhaps the time to get on to it. So start those trees rolling in. something that our individual states could do. I have started a new section this month called “The Things We Do.” The purpose is to let us all know what we do or if we have retired, what we used to do.
    [Show full text]
  • The Slump in This Issue
    ac istory• the slump In this issue- • Quakers • Poet & Painter . Madhouses • Industry • Workhouse • The Slump Hackney History is the annual volume of the Friends of Hackney Archives. The Friends were founded in 1985 to act as a focus for local history in Hackney, and to support the work of Hackney Archives Department. As well as the annual volume they receive the Department's regular newsletter, The Hackney Terrier. Hackney Historyis issued free of charge to subscribers to the Friends. Membership is£10 for the calendar year 2002. For further information - telephone 020 7241 2886 fax 020 7241 6688 e-mail [email protected]. ISSN 1360 3795 £4.00 free to subscribers HACKNEY History volume eight Dedication 2 Quakers in Stoke Newington, to the mid-19th century Peter Daniels 3 From windmills to rockets: the white lead works, Southgate Road Norman H uxford 12 The madhouse-keepers of Hackney E laine Murphy 18 'Delineations of home scenery', or, the lyrical commuter William Fox and C H . Matthews 29 Hackney workhouse 1920-1923 Dick H unter 3 7 Surviving the slump A. J Root 44 Contributors to this issue 5f< Abbreviations used 58 Acknowledgements 59 About this publication 59 In previous volumes 60 2002 This volume of Hacknry History is dedicated to the memory of Angela Jean Wait QUAKERS 1946-2002 IN STOKE NEWINGTON formerly Senior Assistant Archivist, to the mid-19th century Hackney Archives Department Peter Daniels George Fox and the first Quakers The Quakers, or Society of Friends, arose from and developing London's eventual position as the new ideas around in England of the 1640s.
    [Show full text]