Appendix A The Monro Family

Legend traces the origins of the Clan Munro to an eleventh-century prince of Fermanagh. Written records at least as far back as the fourteenth century show the Clan as occupying ancestral lands north of Inverness, at Fowlis (pronounced `Fowls', hence the eagles in the family arms). The chief of the Clan was made a baronet by Charles I. Harold's branch of the Clan, the Monros of Fyrish, one of several cadet families, started in the sixteenth century and later adopted the spelling `Monro'. In 1690 Alexander Monro was dismissed as Principal of University and incumbent of St Giles for his Jacobite sympathies; he was apparently sent to so that the government could keep an eye on him. Dr James Monro (1680±1752), Alexander's son, became physician in charge of Bethle- hem Hospital for Lunatics, the ancient asylum better known as Bedlam. He was succeeded there by his son, Dr John Monro (1715±91). Both men were criticised for discouraging research and for keeping their knowledge and patients to themselves. John went so far as to say that madness was `a distemper of such a nature, that very little of real use can be said concerning it`. A preference for doing rather than theorising was perhaps a family characteristic, but there were probably good financial reasons for keeping a monopoly. In 1781 John acquired control of Brooke House, a medieval mansion in Hackney which had been converted into a profitable asylum for patients from wealthy families. John was a man of culture, a Shakespeare scholar, a friend of Hogarth and a keen collector of books and prints. His house at 43 Bedford Square, , one of the newest and grandest squares in London, contained a fine library, rich in seventeenth- century drama, travel books and many texts in French, Italian and Latin. He shared his father's political opinions and is said to have frequented the Pretender's court in Rome. It was presumably John's eminence which made Sir Harry Munro of Fowlis, 7th Bt, entail his estates on the Monros of Fyrish, should his own line ever fail. Had enough Munros and Monros died, Harold might have found himself heir to `the manor-place, tower fortalice of Fowlis' and all its

tofts, crofts, . . . milns, multures, . . . all and sundry houses, biggings, yards, orchards, mosses, muirs, marshes, outsets, insets, shealings, loanings, grazings, woods, fishings, annexis, connexis, customs, arriages, carriages, secular services, tenants, tenandries, and services of tenants, parts, pendicles, and whole universal pertinents.

John was survived by three sons, James, Charles and Thomas, all of whom inherited shares in the profits from Brooke House. The wealth accumulated by James's line was eventually left to Caius College by the last of his descendants, the law don who befriended Harold. James's brother Charles had numerous descendants. One of his grand- sons, Robert Webber Monro, became Chief Clerk to the House of Lords in 1901 (Robert was a typical Monro of Harold's parents' generation: Harrow and Oxford, Lincoln's Inn barrister, cricketer, supporter of London slum charities). John was succeeded at both Bedlam and Brooke House by his third son, Thomas (1759± 1833), whose career coincided with a change in attitudes to madness. For centuries

266 Appendix A 267

Londoners had enjoyed watching the ravings of the Bedlamites, wretched creatures kept in chains amid straw and filth, but the new sensibilities of the Enlightenment (and perhaps the sufferings of George III, whom Thomas attended in 1811±12) made the spectacle intolerable. A handsome classical building was erected in Lambeth (the core of it survives as the Imperial War Museum), and the patients were ferried across London in a fleet of hackney carriages. Even so they had to endure a first winter without glass in many of the windows. Summoned before a Parliamentary committee in 1815, Thomas said his methods had been `handed down to me by my father, and I do not know of any better practice'. It emerged that he attended Bedlam `but seldom', and that at Brooke House there were as many servants as patients ± and no chains. Chains were `fit only for pauper lunatics', Thomas said; gentlemen would not like them. He was forced to resign. But if Thomas was undistinguished as a physician, he remains famous as a patron of artists. His discovery of the young Turner in 1791 is pictured in Arthur Sabin's autobio- graphy:

riding his cob down Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, the Doctor saw drawings stuck up in the shop window of Turner the barber. He rapped on the pane with his stick, and enquired about them. `They are by my son,' said Mr Turner, not, I am sure, without pride. `He is just sixteen and works for John Raphael Smith the engraver, colouring mezzotints.' `Send him round to me of an evening,' said the Doctor, `and he can get some practice with several other young artists, and make friends with them.'

Varley, De Wint, Linnell and Girtin were among the artists who regularly gathered at 4 Adelphi Terrace. Harold inherited some drawings by Thomas and his circle and sold them to a Bloomsbury dealer in about 1917, presumably to raise money for the Bookshop. The Victoria and Albert Museum had long been looking for products of Thomas's philan- thropy, so some of the collection was acquired for the nation; an exhibition was organised by Sabin, who was on the Museum's staff at the time. The Monro family was annoyed by Harold's carelessness, but they came forward with more drawings and information. Sabin thus met several of Harold's relations, including a cousin, William Foxley Norris, Dean of York and later Westminster. Thomas was replaced at Bedlam by his son, Monro (1790±1856), whose resignation in 1853 brought the long family rule there to an end. Edward Thomas married a daughter of a Master in Chancery and Treasurer of the Foundling Hospital, and had eleven children. He made a fortune from medico-legal work, but lost much of it through extravagance. Edward Thomas's eldest son, the Rev. Edward Monro, set up a short-lived school for poor boys at Harrow Weald and then took a parish in Leeds, where he became famous for his preaching. His Parochial Lectures on and Other Subjects (1856) reveals a love of poetry as passionate as Harold's, and some of his descriptions of boys discussing literature might almost be portraits of Harold and Maurice at Cambridge:

Schoolboy days and college days, how they are mixed up with the first, deep consum- ing passion of the love of poetry! . . . How many a long summer evening among hay- cocks, or sitting in a little room with the window open, with one companion and no candle, and the bat whirling outside, and the yellow glow of sunsat melting off to cool the dewy twilight ± how many such scenes we remember, when we sat and talked of poetry! or the long hot walk with that one friend we meant always to love, and in loving whom we first learnt what love meant when we were both sixteen, and we always have loved him, and always shall! 268 Appendix A

Edward Thomas's second son, Dr Henry Monro (1817±1891), Harold's grandfather, was the fifth and last Monro doctor, although the DNB is mistaken in saying he was at Bedlam. His hospital was actually another asylum, St Luke's, but he probably spent most of his time in private practice. He owned a collection of valuable pictures, inherited from Thomas, and was himself a talented portraitist. With Gladstone and others he founded the House of Charity (now the House of St Barnabas), Soho, in 1846; this was originally a hostel for families left homeless on the London streets, people who had sold all they had to emigrate to the colonies only to find that shipwreck or swindle had made their tickets worthless. At the House, as at Radley, where Henry sent his three eldest sons, High Church observance was the rule. Harold probably remembered his grandfather best at Orchardleigh (now the Lake Hotel), Henry's villa at Bonchurch, Isle of Wight. Bonchurch was a favourite resort for cultured Victorians. The largest house belonged to the Swinburne family, and the poet spent much of his boyhood there. Dickens, Thackeray, Carlyle and Macaulay all spent holidays in the village. Among the long-term residents was the educationist Elizabeth Sewell, whose brother was the founder of Radley, a connection which may explain Henry's choice of the school. Henry Monro and his brother Theodore married two daughters of Sir William Russell on 5 April 1842. Sir William, another doctor, had earned his baronetcy for work in a cholera epidemic ten years earlier. Theodore died in April 1843, having fathered one child, Theodore Russell Monro. His widow then married Peter Margary; their only child was Arabel Sophia, Harold's mother. So Sophia had a Monro half-brother and numerous Monro first cousins, one of whom, Edward, became her husband. Henry's eldest son, Russell, married Emily, daughter of Sir George Nugent, 3rd Bt, grandson of a Field Marshal. The present Baronet, Sir Robin, tells me that Sir George's diary records satisfaction at the match but also the expectation that the couple would not be rich. Russell seems to have prospered, however, perhaps because he had a partnership in a Yorkshire brewery. He lived as a country gentleman and lord of the manor at Somerby, where he is still remembered locally as an autocrat. Several other connections are worth noting. One of Harold's first cousins married a lawyer named Matthew Arnold, a relation of the poet. The family firm of solicitors still exists, the current partner, David Monro, being the son of Lionel and grandson of Fred, both of whom worked for Harold, and great-grandson of Dr Henry's solicitor and first cousin, another Frederic. In one of those complicated marriage patterns the family seems to have been prone to, one of Fred's sisters married her first cousin, Percy; another married Edward Weaver; and one of Percy's brothers married Maude Weaver. The two Weavers were siblings of Harriet Shaw Weaver, editor of The Egoist and patron of . When Miss Weaver first decided to send money to Joyce, she did so anonymously through Fred, who thereafter became a regular intermediary, earning an honoured place in Joyce biography. One of Dr Henry's daughters, Harold's Aunt Sophia, married R. T. Raikes, a barrister and devoted Radleian. Their only son, Frederick Monro Raikes, who left Radley a year before Harold went there, was killed in action in 1917. Aunt Sophia died a few years after her marriage, so R. T. Raikes married again, producing five sons, all of whom went to Radley. Raikes eventually became President of the Radleian Society; there is a conspicuous mem- orial to him in the College chapel. He was one of Dr Henry's executors and a trustee of Harold's parents' marriage settlement, so that his permission was needed if Harold wanted to withdraw capital. Harold is sometimes confused with his distant relative, Hector Hugh Munro, better known as Saki, the author of satirical short stories. The two men were very different in Appendix A 269 their political beliefs, but they had acquaintances in common, including Robert Ross, and they probably knew each other; Saki is listed in the huge address book kept at the Poetry Bookshop.

Sources

Several members of the Monro family, including Jim Jefferiss, Tom Curtis Hayward, Kenneth Monro of Fyrish and David Monro, have helped me with information. D. Roe and William Bayliss told me much about Somerby, and D. G. Saunders and Edna Funnell shared their knowledge of the House of St Barnabas-in-Soho. Printed sources include Alexander Mackenzie, History of the Monros of Fowlis (1898); Charles Ian Fraser, The Clan Monro (1954); The Clan Monro Magazine ii (1954); Biblioteca Elegantissima Monroiana: A Catalogue of the elegant and valuable library of John Monro M. D. (1792); Arthur Sabin, Catalogue of an Exhibition of Drawings chiefly by Dr Thomas Monro (Victoria and Albert Museum, 1917 [an error for 1927?]); Anthony Masters, Bedlam (1977); Edward O'Dono- ghue, The Story of Bethlehem Hospital (1914); Denis Leigh, The Historical Development of British Psychiatry i (1961). For Peter John Margary, see Institution of Civil Engineers Proceedings cxxv, 409±10. Portraits of all five Monro doctors are reproduced in G. Wol- stenholme, ed., The Royal College of Physicians: Portraits (1964). For Brooke House, see the Survey of London xxviii (1960). Appendix B Galloway Kyle and The Poetry Review

Kyle began as a newspaper journalist in his native Yorkshire, but soon went freelance. He founded an `Authors' Association' in Darlington in 1902 with the Countess of as President, but he soon aroused the suspicions of the Society of Authors; the Countess quickly resigned. He denied that he was running a commercial agency, yet he charged fees for reading and placing MSS. One of his letterheads claimed that the Association had a Press Department with a hundred branches worldwide. In July 1907 an editorial in Truth warned that he was offering to include poems in an anthology in return for cash. His Authors' Association seems to have disappeared soon afterwards, but on 24 February 1909 he started the Poetry Recital Society (renamed the Poetry Society a few years later) in London. The Society's first President was Lady Margaret Sackville, herself a poet, and its Hon. Patrons soon included Galsworthy, Bennett, Gilbert Murray, Florence Farr, Eustace Miles and many others. It had a motto from Matthew Arnold: `A clearer and deeper sense of the best in poetry and of the strength and joy to be drawn from it'. `Membership implies a missionary spirit', Kyle wrote in 1910. Members were encouraged to devote an hour a day to memorising verse, programmes of study were drawn up, and exams, prizes and a diploma were announced. The Society's early success was undoubtedly a symptom of, possibly even a contributory factor to, the great pre-war revival of interest in poetry. Harold was one of many serious-minded people to be attracted by Kyle's outward show; he was also one of the first to see through it. In wresting The Poetry Review from its founder±editor in December 1912 (see Chapter 7 above), Kyle obtained a flourishing journal at no cost to himself. A victory had been won for `Poetry', and the Society was no longer in danger of being trodden under the heels of and other futuristic versifiers. The new editor, Stephen Phillips, would supply ± or at any rate sign ± the right sort of editorials, and the promised `brilliant list' of contributors would consist of docile nonentities. `Let the singing be full-throated and from any bush', declared the Review's first 1913 editorial in Kyle's typical language. He openly took over the editorship when Phillips died in 1916. Every now and then his unsigned news columns contained a thinly veiled sneer at Harold and the Bookshop. In October 1909 the Society's journal, The Poetical, later The Poetical Gazette, included an announcement that a `slim edition of the poems of Mr Alfred Williams, the Swindon forgeman', was to be published by a Mr Erskine Macdonald. This seems to be the first mention of Macdonald, whose publications were thereafter recommended in the Gazette and after 1912 often mentioned in the Review itself. He was always willing to consider work by previously unknown poets. It was an ingenious arrangement: aspirants were drawn in through the magazine, Macdonald published them at their own expense, and Kyle made them feel successful by supplying generous reviews. Macdonald cashed in on the adjective `Georgian' in 1915 by launching the `Little Books of Georgian Verse'; anyone interested in becoming a `Georgian' poet in the series was told that they would first have to buy four Little Books and subscribe to the Review. Business prospered in 1914±18, London Opinion remarking approvingly that `Mr Erskine Macdonald is the unofficial publisher in general to the poets of the British Army'. Most of

270 Appendix B 271

Macdonald's authors were sadly untalented, but 's first book appeared in the `Georgian' series, and would have been caught in the net if Harold had not warned him off in 1916. Mr Macdonald proved to be elusive. Royalty statements were hard to obtain, letters went unanswered, and callers at his office were told he was out. Several poets, including Emilia Lorimer and Max Plowman, wrote to Harold for help, but he had to be cautious, having learned that Kyle knew how to use the law. He reluctantly ordered Macdonald books if customers asked for them, and when he tried to resist high charges in 1915 Kyle seems to have sued him successfully for a small sum. Members of the public often confused the Poetry Bookshop with the Poetry Society, sometimes writing to the wrong address. Kyle probably took the chance to reply, advert- ising his own services; Harold accused him of `fraudulently appropriating' the shop's mail in 1916. By 1918 Erskine Macdonald Ltd, as the business had now become, was insisting on cash with orders and a discount of only one percent unless books were ordered by the dozen, terms which Harold rejected as exorbitant. All this provoked laughter as well as fury at the Bookshop. Alida and Harold sometimes exhanged news of an invented war poet, Rawnsley Atkinson Smythe, whose Poems, Paeans, and Posies were typical of the work of many Macdonald `songsters'. Smythe was no doubt named after W. F. Rawnsley and the Alfred Smythe who had announced himself to Harold as no `mushroom' in 1912. Alida even sent in some spoof war poems to the Review under the name of Miss Gwladys Smythe; Kyle did not print them, but he offered to consider them for publication at Miss Smythe's expense. In 1919 Kyle said he would do no further business with the Bookshop. Harold replied that his friends had been amused by the letter, and that the shop would no longer attempt to conceal Kyle's methods. The response was vituperative, but Kyle knew the game was up. The Society of Authors had received so many complaints from members ± fourteen in 1917 alone ± that its journal had finally exposed him in April 1918, revealing, inter alia, the obvious truth that `Mr Macdonald' did not exist. Kyle sued for libel, but had to delay in order to accumulate funds. Evidence was provided by Harold and many others. When the case came before the Lord Chief Justice in 1922, the jury had no difficulty in finding for the defendants. Kyle was ordered to pay costs, but was unable to comply, so the Society of Authors had to raise emergency cash (this was the origin of its modern Defence Fund). Kyle said in court that he had chosen the name Erskine Macdonald because he had been `rather attracted' to it; presumably he had hoped it might be confused with that of Elkin Mathews. The idea for the `Little Books of Georgian Verse' was blatantly copied from Mathews, who had invented the system of cheap series publishing for new poetry; his `Little Books for Little Folks', a series of children's books, may have been the source of Kyle's title. A further confusion could be hoped for after 1912: by lucky chance the editor of identified himself only as `E. M.' (at least one reviewer fell into this trap). The Macdonald imprint seems to have disappeared after the trial, but its perpetrator continued unabashed with the Poetry Society and the Review. `Kyle still thrives,' Harold told Pound on 18 February 1930, `(and as far as I know his daughters still attend the Band of Hope) and The Poetry Review has reached the end of its twentieth volume'. Kyle was still thriving in 1947, when Muriel Spark took over from him as editor; even after that, he and his wife stayed on in the handsome flat the Society had provided for them. The new editor found it was usual for poets to send in their work with cheques enclosed, made out to Kyle personally; she soon concluded that he was thoroughly dishonest, as devoid of scruples as he was of genuine culture. 272 Appendix B

Sources

I am grateful to Muriel Spark, John Heath-Stubbs, Kate Pool (Society of Authors) and Chris Green (Poetry Society) for information. The Monro±Kyle correspondence is at BL. 39. See also The Author (March 1903) 171±2, (April 1918) 114±15, (April 1922) 232±8, (Summer 1968) 71±3; Muriel Spark, Curriculum Vitae (1992); and my `A publisher of First World War poetry: Galloway Kyle', Notes and Queries (June 1986), 185±6. Sources

The five main collections of Harold Monro and Poetry Bookshop papers, at the British Library, the Berg Collection and the Universities of Michigan, California at Los Angeles and New York at Buffalo, are noted below. and the University of Texas at Austin have numerous letters between Monro and his literary acquaintances. There are smaller collections at the other libraries listed below, and at the Lilly Library, University of Indiana; the Newberry Library, Chicago; the John Rylands Library, University of Manches- ter; the Brotherton Library, University of Leeds; and elsewhere. The following abbreviations are used in the notes:

AdR Arundel del Re. AK Alida Klemantaski (Monro). BL British Library, Monro papers, Additional MSS 57734±68. My references are abbreviated: e.g., BL.47 indicates Add. MS 57747. BL is the principal collec- tion of HM's and AK's personal papers (letters between them, diaries, note- books), general correspondence, Bookshop business records, rhyme sheets, press cuttings, etc. Bought from AK's executors in 1971. Described in Jenny Stratford, The Arts Council Collection of Literary Manuscripts 1963±1972 (1974), 140±53. Buffalo Poetry/Rare Books Collection, State University of New York at Buffalo. A large, miscellaneous collection of letters, mainly to HM from other poets. Harvard Houghton Library, Harvard University. HM Harold Monro. HRC Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin. Huntington Huntington Library, San Marino, California. JG Joy Grant. King's King's College Library, Cambridge. MB Maurice Browne. NY Berg Collection, New York Public Library. Correspondence between HM and . Oxford Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. RT Ruth Tomalin, or typescripts and photocopies made by her from originals lent to her by AK's executors, and from other sources, c. 1970. Most, but by no means all, of the originals are in BL. Where the originals are missing, the RT copies are now in BL, together with RT transcripts from Arthur Sabin's autobiography, and letters and other papers sent by AdR to Ruth Tomalin in 1969±70. UC Department of Special Collections, University Research Library, University of California at Los Angeles. The main collection of Bookshop correspond- ence (3 boxes) and HM's MS verse, plays, stories (5 boxes: mostly not paginated, so that one can usually only give references to the box and sometimes the file, e. g. UC.5Q). UI University Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. UM Special Collections Library, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. MB's papers, including many letters between him and HM.

273 274 Sources

UT McFarlin Library, University of Tulsa. Yale Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

Giving a reference for every quotation from the main collections would have made the Notes impossibly long. All letters between HM and AK, and all HM's diaries, are in BL; all letters between HM and MB are in UM; and all these MSS are filed in chronological order. References are only given when the source might otherwise be difficult to find. Notes

To save repetition, references to a published source which is drawn on more than once are usually given as author's name, date of publication and page number. An abbreviated title is also given if confusion might otherwise occur. Full titles can be found in the Biblio- graphy. Place of publication London unless otherwise stated. Consecutive references are sometimes given in one note, identified by key words where necessary. In quoting from MSS, I have eliminated ampersands and made minor amendments to spelling and punctuation. Omitting apostrophes was a fashion of the time. The quotations at the heads of chapters are all from HM's poems or verse drafts.

Introduction

1 Devonshire Street: renamed in the 1930s (after the original builder, not Johnson's Boswell). There was already a Boswell Court across the road ± hence, no doubt, the name of one of HM's young men, Boswell Gary.

Chapter 1. Inheritance

1 AK left reminiscences of HM and his family in various brief attempts at a biography (BL.47) and in her last memoir (RT). Other sources for this chapter include HM's autobiographical notes (BL.43) and his `How I Began' (1913). 2 AK, last memoir. 3 Edward Monro, The Parish (1853). 4 BL.36 (A). 5 Information about Radley and HM's career there is from College registers, magazine, archives and Boyd (1948). The archives contain a file of letters assembled in 1965 by Michael Meredith and James Thomson for an article on HM in The Radleian. 6 Wilkinson (1934), 68±9. 7 Wilkinson (1934), 69±70, refers to a distinguished Old Radleian, unnamed but clearly HM, whose recent obituary in The Radleian had not mentioned that he had been expelled for a homosexual offence. Wilkinson confirmed the reason for HM's expul- sion in a 1965 letter to Thomson (n.5 above), adding that it was another boy, not HM, who was sacked for having drink in his study. Entries in HM's diaries suggest that he considered sending his own son to Radley. The Times of 17 July 1929 published a letter from him about the College's fortunes in the Henley Regatta, and one of his notebooks contains a nostalgic, unfinished poem about revisiting the school. 8 `How I Began'.

Chapter 2. Cambridge 1898±1902

1 MB to HM, n. d. [Nov 1905] (UM). The story of HM and the bookmaker is told in Flint's introduction to HM (1933). Flint seems to have taken much of his information from AK, whose knowledge of HM's early life was sketchy.

275 276 Notes

2 The Caian records HM only once as a sportsman, rowing in the second boat in the Lent races, 1899. BL has the libretto of a comic opera he wrote at Cambridge. 3 MB to his mother, 27 Jan. 1901 (UM). 4 AK to HM, 6 Apr. 1917 (BL.48). MB's great-grandfather, father, nephew and brother committed suicide. His grandfather made several attempts and was confined as a lunatic for a time. His father's suicide was reported in gruesome detail in The East Anglian Times (1 Aug. 1894). 5 Wilkinson (1934) describes MB. They were friends for many years. 6 `Song to Sleep', The Granta (14 Mar. 1901). `The Pine Tree' (anon., but said by a later reviewer to be by HM), The Caian (Lent 1901). 7 Quotations from MB (1955). MB to HM, [Nov. 1905] (UM), recalls seeing the portrait of Keats at Connaught Square. MB (1955), 65, remembers it at Caius, Haslemere and the Bookshop. AdR (Apr. 1932) describes it in the tower at Florence and says it was of Shelley, but RT, who saw it in AK's house long after HM's death, tells me it was certainly of Keats. 8 The Caian (Lent 1902). HM also read this paper and one on Goethe to the University Modern Language and Literature Society (scripts at UC). 9 Straus's novel eventually appeared much revised as The Man Apart (1906). A poem by him declaring his orientation survives in an album kept by MB (UM). 10 Many details in the preceding few pages are from MB's letters, but Sophia's exclama- tion is from AK (memoir, RT), who heard the story from Sophia herself.

Chapter 3. Ireland 1902±6

1 HM to MB, verse letter, n. d. [late 1902] (UM). 2 Quoted, Eastbourne and Sussex Society (8 Dec. 1903). 3 MB (1955), 75. 4 Several letters are missing or incomplete. MB (1955) fudges the story. One of his letters soon after Monte Carlo mentions a debt of £500 to HM, but an Oct. 1905 letter says HM had refused a loan. Perhaps the refusal was to a second request. HM wrote a long, outspoken letter to MB after the fiasco, but MB kept only the end of it, a declaration of spiritual friendship. 5 Sussex Country Herald (12 Dec. 1903); Eastbourne Chronicle (5 Dec.); Eastbourne and Sussex Society (8 Dec.). 6 In MB's album (UM). 7 Woolmer (1986) gives details: 100 copies, and two bound in vellum, privately printed by the Chiswick Press, 1905. The dedications seem to have been printed by mistake; HM advised that they should be omitted from a reprint (11 copies) in Dec. 1906.

Chapter 4. The Samurai 1906±8

1 Bentinck (1919). 2 Information on the Gooches and Hylands from family albums ( Jill White) and Essex Archives (including reminiscences quoted in Jane Dansie, `Hylands: Family Home through 200 years: a stage documentary'). According to Dansie, Curly eventually lost a leg to frostbite; for his Antarctic adventure (he only got as far as S. Georgia), see R. Huntford, Shackleton (1985), 396. 3 Untitled story, filed as `Oswald', UC.7. Notes 277

4 MS dated Apr. 1906 (UC). HM's diary first mentions the Samurai on 15 Apr.; by the 18th he was drafting rules. UC.6Q has his Samurai papers. UM has MB's: creeds, comments, prospectus, etc.; letters from Sabin, Green, Skilton, Guthrie, Ficke; MB's explanatory notes: press cuttings, including a few from Australia (Straus seems to have gone there soon after his visit to Ranworth ± hence his absence from later Samurai activities). UI has nine letters and a draft prospectus from MB to Wells, 1906±10; eight from HM to Wells, 1907±11; three from Wells to HM, 1907±8. 5 Drinkwater (1932), 223±4. 6 HM, Poems (1906), No. 37 in the Vigo Cabinet Series (the number was later changed). HM probably had to pay Mathews a commission. Among the poets already in the series were at least four he was to know later: Yeats, Plarr, Masefield, Gibson. Two sonnets in Poems were published in The Idler in July (`my first remunerated appear- ance in print'). 7 R. C. Carton, Lady Huntworth's Experiment (Samuel French, c.1900). Audiences at Chelmsford, Colchester and Braintree were enthusiastic, according to local news- papers. 8 Press cuttings (UM). 9 Farnham, Haslemere and Hindhead Herald (4 Nov. 1908). Green seems to have been a friend of Curly Gooch, which may explain why the Monros chose to live at Haslemere. 10 Mentions of `the Russells' in HM's diaries seem to have misled AK into believing he had been friendly with Bertrand. Bertrand often stayed at Hindhead, but I have found no evidence that HM met him. HM's Russell ancestors seem to have been unrelated to Rollo's family. 11 MB to Ficke, 21 Apr. 1907 (UM). 12 Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, tr. R. J. Hollingdale (1969), 42. 13 Sabin: RT transcripts. 14 Wells's creed (copies, with a covering letter, UC, UM, UI) was a summary of a lecture, `The Faith I Hold', given to the Fabians on 6 Dec. 1907 (HM was in the audience). 15 MB (1955), 89±94. MB's 1907±8 letters reveal some of the true story, including names. On 16 Oct., still on Capri, he told Spedding he didn't love Rosina and couldn't afford to have children; presumably Spedding persuaded or tricked him into taking her to Sicily. 16 Straus to HM, n. d. [1907±8] (UM). MB later pretended he had been keen to take Rosina back to Italy. 17 Warren Sylvester Smith, The London Heretics 1870±1914 (1967), gives an informative account of Coit and other reformers. 18 HM, `The Inglenook' (1910). 19 See Woolmer (1986). Sabin also printed a few books for Guthrie's Pear Tree Press. 20 Eight titles had been published by Sep. 1907, mostly priced at 2s. Print runs seem to have varied from 300 to 500 copies. If income from sales was £35, Maurice must have sold about 350 books, leaving perhaps as many as 3000 unsold. 21 Gibson to MB, 28 Apr. 1907 (UM). 22 MS: UC.7.

Chapter 5. Pilgrimage to Freedom 1908±9

1 He weighed himself in clothes and boots at 11st. 71b. In 1896 as a schoolboy in rowing clothes, and in 1929 as a sanatorium patient fully clothed, his weight was exactly one stone less. 278 Notes

2 HM to Wells, 23 May 1908 (UI). 3 A UC notebook contains drafts of over 40 of these poems, some unfinished. 18 are dated between 18 and 23 June 1908 (Florence); 11 between 29 June and 26 July (Gland); 2 in Aug.; and 9 between 8 Sep. and 1 Oct. (mostly Waidberg). The last (`So wayward') is 30 June 1910. Revised versions of 21 of these, and 9 new pieces, were published in Before Dawn as `Impressions'. 4 `A modern Hermit', typed article (UC.7); a companion piece, `The ideal air-bath', describes HM's arrival at Waidberg. Both articles seem intended for publication; his diary for June 1909 mentions typing and posting `2 newspaper articles'. Harald Szeemann has kindly sent me photocopies of an old album of Waidberg photographs which confirm HM's description. The brochure specifies a Bircher-Benner diet. 5 1908±9 diaries give dates: `The Tomb of Christ' (conceived and completed, 30 Dec.); `The Kingdom of Christ' (begun and nearly finished, 3 Jan.); `God' (begun, 6 Jan.); `Two Visions' (conceived and completed, 9 Jan.); `Dawn of Womanhood' (in progress, 17 Jan.). All these poems are in Before Dawn. 6 The Poetical: The Official Journal of the Poetry Recital Society i. 2 (Jan. 1910). HM's lecture is at UC.

Chapter 6. The Mountain and the Tower 1909±11

1 Ascona: see Szeemann (1978), a detailed and richly illustrated catalogue, and Green (1986). Some of the Monte Verita buildings are now a museum. 2 Leopold Wolfling, My Life Story (New York, 1931). 3 See Ralph Freedman, Hermann Hesse: Pilgrim of Crisis (1979). 4 Not the modern Casa Sasso, apparently built in the twenties. Old maps show a hexangular room attached to the next house up the hill. 5 HM to AK, 11 Aug. 1913. 6 Extracts from BL.36 (B). Pan emerging from the woods was a theme of the period, as in e.g. stories by E. M. Forster and Saki. 7 HM's diary does not mention MB's involvement, nor does MB (1955) mention HM's, but MB had certainly suggested that they should share a flat in Florence. MB refers to the tower in a letter to his mother of 8 July, when HM was still in . HM signed the lease on 18 Aug. MB contributed to the rent, keeping up payments for some years; he stayed in the tower in 1914. 8 AdR (Apr. 1932), 323±4. 9 HM, `Florentine Evening' (UC.7). Information about AdR from his letters to Ruth Tomalin, 1969±72. See also Who Was Who and Balliol College registers. 10 The Florence Herald (1910±11), Biblioteca Nazionale, Florence. 11 Letters to W. B. Yeats, ed. R. J. Finneran (1977), 259. Craig was annoyed when he wrote this letter; he became friendly with HM in later years and remembered him as `a good fellow'. 12 Thomas to HM, 19 May 1911 (Buffalo). Writing to Wells on 15 July (UI), HM said he was thinking of taking a cottage in England for perhaps seven months a year. 13 Sabin gave a date which RT copied as 7 July, JG as 7 June; June seems more likely, as HM used the tower as an address for a letter to MB on 19 July. 14 AdR to RT, 30 Nov. 1969. 15 AdR, incomplete typescript apparently made from a recorded interview, c. June 1967 (RT). Notes 279

Chapter 7. The Poetry Review 1911±12

1 Carpenter to HM, 3 Oct. 1911 (UC). 2 For HM's dealings with the Poetry Society, see his `Personal Explanation', Poetry & Drama i. 1 ( Jan. 1913) and BL.39. 3 Letters from Edward Thomas to , ed. R. G. Thomas (1968), 218±9. 4 Newbolt, New Paths on Helicon (1927), 378±9. 5 HM's income for 1911 was about £1500, mostly from Brooke House and a few dividends. Out of that he paid £275 to Dorothy (there may have been a second, similar payment, as he had agreed to pay her £400 a year when they separated), £103 to Oedenkoven (rent for Casa Sasso?), £200 for purchase of the mill house, £103 rent for the Chancery Lane office and associated expenses, and a £100 float for the Review (BL.44). 6 AdR (1934), 30±1. 7 HM had presumably chosen Essex to be within reach of the Gooches. 8 Woolf (1977), 289. 9 Rhys, Everyman Remembers (1931), 271. Eric Homburger, `A glimpse of Pound in 1912 by Arundel del Re', Paideuma iii. 1 (Spring 1974), 85±8. See also Rhys, Letters from Limbo (1936), 222±4. 10 Pound to HM, 28 Oct. 1913 (UC). 11 Pound to HM, n.d. [Gibson]; 21 Feb. n.y. [Aberbubble] (UC). 12 BL.40 and RT. 13 For Watt, see The Student, Edinburgh University (1907), 271±2, 709±10, 762±4. 14 Pound (1988), 249. 15 Marsh, Brooke, Gibson and Sassoon all mention this ordeal in letters or memoirs. 16 The text of Hulme's 1912 lecture is apparently not known; I assume that then and on other occasions HM heard the arguments in the `Lecture on Modern Poetry' in Roberts (1938), 258±70. 17 Pound to Aldington, 14 Jan. [1928?] (HRC). 18 Church (1964), 57±64. Flint's papers (HRC) include correspondence with HM and others. His article is reprinted and discussed in Pondrom (1974). My account of the development of draws on letters by Flint and Pound (HRC). 19 HM to Drinkwater, 10 Aug. 1912 (Yale). Watt to HM, 22 Aug. 1912 (BL.40). 20 Press cutting, Gooch family album ( Jill White). 21 Nelson (1989) gives an invaluable account of Mathews. 22 Marsh (1939), 320±2, and AdR (Sep. 1932), 464±5, agree on the six persons at the lunch. Drinkwater (1932), 228, adds Abercrombie and omits AdR and Gibson, but he is unreli- able; he implies he already knew Marsh, but his first surviving letter to Marsh, 29 Sep. 1912 (NY), thanks him for being friendly to a stranger. See also Hassall (1959), 190. 23 Marsh (1939), 325. HM, `Personal Recollections of Rupert Brooke' (1930). Hassall (1964), 360. Drinkwater had been in correspondence with Gibson for a year or more. 24 Marsh (1939), 322. 25 Marsh (1939), 324 [curious], 328 [Crowley]. HM to Brooke, 9 Feb. 1913 (King's). Drinkwater (1932), 224. 26 Rogers (1977), 102. 27 HM, `Personal Recollections . . .' (1930). Brooke (1968), 403, and unpublished post- card to HM, 3 Oct. 1912 (described in a Michael Silverman catalogue, 1994). See also JG (1967), 50. 28 Cambridge Magazine (23 Nov. 1912). Lecture text at UC. 29 Alford: obituary, King's College Annual Report (Nov. 1960), 14±15. 280 Notes

Chapter 8. The Poetry House

1 Sitwell (1949), 35. AK, quoted JG (1967), 61. See also AdR (1932±4), MB (1955), etc. Fletcher to HM, 5 Jan. 1913, and sonnet, `Poetry in the Slum', dated 3 Jan. (Yale). 2 Information from Post Office directories (Guildhall Library); Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, London ii (1925), which describes the street as in `fairly good' condition and mentions the `modillioned cornice and pediment' of No. 35; Hamilton (1926); Greater London Record Office photographs (82.0 DEV). Cecil House, first annual report (1927), contains interior photos of the house in 1927. 3 Bottomley to HM, 8 Jan. 1923 (NY). 4 H. S. Ede, Savage Messiah (1931), 189±90 [Gaudier]. Gibson, `Gold', Friends (1916); `The First Meeting', Hazards (1947). 5 Disher to JG, n.d. (UT). Gillett, `The Poetry Bookshop', BBC Third Programme talk, 28 Sep. 1962 (RT). 6 Abercrombie to HM, n.d. (Buffalo). Frost to Flint, 18 May 1914 (HRC). Vines to HM, n.d. (UC). Hulme to HM, postmark 3 July 1914 (Donald Gallup). 7 HM to Lowell, 24 Jan. 1914 (Harvard). Watkinson et al. (BL.40). 8 Song of Love: The Letters of Rupert Brooke and Noel Olivier, ed. Pippa Harris (New York, 1991), 234: Brooke said his reading had been very well attended, but the register tells another story. 9 Marsh (1939), 295. Waugh (1917), 287. Monroe, `The Editor in England', Poetry (Oct. 1923), 35. Other details from JG (1967), 75±86, register of readings (BL. 56), RT, etc. Rhys Davies (1969), 104±5, describes Eliot, Wickham and as readers, shadowy figures in the `religious air of repose'. 10 Frost (1965), 105. Fletcher (1937), 50. Fletcher should have been more appreciative: when he first made contact with HM in 1912 he was in despair at not being pub- lished; The Poetry Review made his name known. 11 HM's diaries often note `Yeats' on a Monday, although an undated letter to him from Pound implies that he stayed away for a while because Pound was there. Nevinson (1937), 65, remembers HM at Hulme's parties. Violet Hunt to HM, n.d. [1918] (HRC), implies that he had been among her and Hueffer's guests before the war. 12 HM to Flint, 11 Sep. 1912 (HRC). 13 Brooke to HM, 11 June 1913, from New York (King's). Advertisement in Georgian Poetry 1916±1917. 14 HM, `The Poetry Bookshop . . .' (1914).

Chapter 9. Alida 1913±14

1 Poets' Club: founded 1907 on a suggestion from Gosse. Hulme was treasurer for the first few years. The Second Book of the Poets Club (1911) contains a poem by HM. 2 AK, notebook: BL.36 (O) . Other information from her last memoir. 3 HM's paper: UC.7. 4 Woolf (1982), 294. AK's father is also officially recorded as a `Russian merchant'. She herself said he was Polish. 5 MB (1955), 162. MB wrongly says the party was on the first night of the ballet. HM's guest list: BL.56 (A). Alford's Doves, first shown at a Post-Impressionist and Futurist exhibition at the DoreÂ, Oct. 1913, is now in Jerusalem; another version is in the Tate. Correspondence about Doves: HM to Alford, Margaret Epstein to HM (UC). The story of covering the sculpture was told to me by Samuel Hynes, who heard it from AK. Notes 281

6 MB gave an ebullient interview about his theatre to The Pall Mall Gazette (24 July 1913). 7 Gibson: details from his MSS (Brotherton Library) and his letters to Marsh (NY) and MB (UM). Abercrombie to HM, 21 Oct. [1913] (Buffalo). Several of HM's correspond- ents expressed surprise that he was not involved in New Numbers. He told Drinkwater on 23 Dec. 1913 (Yale) that he had been very upset. 8 `Devonshire (street) Cream', BL.57. 9 HM to Lowell, 24 Mar. 1915 (Harvard). 10 Quoted, Times (5 May 1914). Details of Marinetti's visit and the Cabaret from his letters to HM (UC), press reports, Cork (1976), Marsh (1939), Nevinson (1937), Wees (1972) etc. 11 Press cuttings (BL.66). 12 Rhyme sheets: see Woolmer (1988). Once again, HM seems to have borrowed an idea from Elkin Mathews, who had published broadsheets ten years earlier with poems by Masefield, Yeats and others (Oxford, John Johnson Collection). 13 Lewis (1937), 111±12. 14 `Harold Monro who . . . shepherds the ``Imagist'' poets', Herbert Palmer, `Modern English Poetry', Vox Studentium ii, 7±8 (c.1924, copy at UC). 15 Pound (1932). Basil's parody: Chapbook (May 1921), part-reprinted in Peter Jones, ed. Imagist Poetry (1972), 151±2. 16 Aldington to HM, 25 May 1914 (UC), and to Charles Norman, 5 Nov. 1960 (HRC). 17 Lewis (1937), 36. Wees (1972) shows from newspaper reports that Lewis is unreliable. See also Cork (1976), 232. The Bookshop archives contain a copy of the Nevinson manifesto (UC). 18 Abercrombie to Marsh, n.d. [summer 1914] (NY). 19 Cutting (BL.57) from the Literary Digest (25 Apr. 1914). 20 Trench to HM, 20 June 1914 (UC). 21 MB (1955), 164. 22 Pound to HM, n.d. [ June 1914] (UC). Gillett, see ch.8 n.5. Fletcher to HM, n.d. (UC). Fletcher certainly gave £10, although he was later so annoyed by inefficiencies in the editorial office that he insisted on being paid for contributions like everyone else. 23 Ould (1947), 365±6. Lowell (1914), 6. 24 AdR (Sep. 1932), 42.

Chapter 10. War 1914±16

1 Hassall (1964), 459. 2 Thomas to HM, n.d. [autumn 1914] (Buffalo). 3 HM, `A True Adventure . . .' (1928). Cournos to JG, 23 Dec. 1961 (UT), describes HM pleading with a young poet, almost certainly Basil. 4 Roger Hogg, `W. W. Gibson: People's Poet', unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Newcastle (1990), points out that `Breakfast', first published 17 Oct. 1914, derives from a story in The Nation (4 Oct.). 5 JG (1967), 85±6. HM to Lowell, 24 Mar. 1915 (Harvard), and Lowell (1915) are important sources of information about the Bookshop. Later Lowell±HM corres- pondence is sometimes prickly. 6 HM, `Personal Recollections of Rupert Brooke' (1930). 7 `HM was in love . . .': quoted to me by Wickham's son James Hepburn, 1995. Her unpublished poem, `To Harold Monro', is at HRC. The entirely different poem of the 282 Notes

same title in Writings (1984), 332, should probably be read as affectionately humor- ous, although `The Indictment', 342, seems harsher; both these poems refer to AK with scorn and envy. AK to HM, 27 Oct. 1930, implies that he and Wickham had spent a night together. 8 Eliot (1988), 59 and note. 9 JG (1967), 101±2, gives the story Aiken told her, correcting the version in Charles Norman, (1960). See also T. S. Eliot: A Symposium, ed. R. Marsh and Tambimuttu (1965), 22. 10 Aiken (1978), 36±7, 39. Unpublished letters to HM, 22 Oct. 1913, 5 Apr., 22 May, 3 July 1914 (Harvard). Aiken drew HM's attention to `The Pall Bearers', a poem by the unnamed friend; as far as I know, there is no Eliot poem of this title. 11 Aiken to Norman, 30 Oct. 1960 (HRC), alters the story by saying `Prufrock' was submitted to Poetry and Drama by mail, and HM described it as insane some time after the July party. 12 Carpenter (1988), 257±8. Pound (1951), 108. 13 HM to W. L. Phelps, 22 June 1920 (Buffalo). 14 The lettering on the cover was by AK, who had been teaching herself calligraphy. 15 Newbolt to HM, 31 Jan. Sabin to HM, 21 Jan. 1914 (UC). Palmer (1938), 180. 16 Early work for the poem appears in a c.1909±10 notebook (UC). Pound's amend- ments: UC.5N. 17 William Cooke, Edward Thomas: A Critical Biography (1970), 264. Eleanor Farjeon, Edward Thomas: The Last Four Years (1958), 104. The lack of any 1915±17 letters from Thomas to HM in the collection at Buffalo does not prove that the friendship ended; UC has two 1915 letters, 11 Apr. and 24 Dec., the second suggesting a meeting. Many of the earlier letters are to do with Poetry and Drama business. 18 The Peasant Shop had connections with several Jewish artists whom HM knew, including and John Rodker. Rodker to HM, n.d. (UC), accepts an invitation from HM to become assistant editor on Poetry and Drama if a vacancy should occur. (But HM loathed Rodker's later poems, often quoting one of them in lectures as an example of Modernism carried to an absurd extreme.) 19 Cambridge Magazine: E. J. Dent, `Rupert Brooke' (8 May 1915), 390±6; HM, `Some Thoughts . . .' (22 May). HM to EM, 19 May 1915 (NY). 20 Aldington (1968), 100 [lunch]. Aldington to HM, 22 Feb. 1915 (UC). Flint's papers (HRC) confirm the hostile intention of his article. Wartime letters (HRC) by him, Aldington, H. D. and Cournos, contain bitter comments about Pound. 21 Robert P. Eckert, Edward Thomas: A Biography and Bibliography (1937), 165. 22 `Carrion'. Basil is recorded on the Loos memorial as having no known grave, but his body was later identified in the Canadian No. 2 Cemetery, Neuville St Vaast. 23 Divorce file, PRO (WD 7414). 24 Owen (1967), 360±5. 25 Bridges, Selected Letters (1983), 690. HM to Marsh, 19 Mar. 1916 (NY). 26 For AK's friendship with Mew, see Fitzgerald (1984). 27 Pound to HM, n.d. [1915] (UC). 28 Owen (1967), 382±4 (where the letter is wrongly dated 5 March), 501. 29 Shanks, `The Week-end school of Poetry', My England (1938), 61. 30 Ross (1967), 153. Thomas (1995), 127. 31 Frost (1965), 185; de la Mare to HM, several 1915 letters (HRC); Fletcher to HM, 9 Mar. 1915 (UC); Lawrence, Letters ii (1981), 581. Jean Moorcroft Wilson, (1998), 262. HM to Rothenstein, several 1915±16 letters (Harvard). Pound (1951), 132, and letters to HM (UC). Eliot (1988), 125: `my putative publisher will probably Notes 283

be conscripted' (10 Jan. 1916) ± to whom does this refer, if not to HM? Aldington as literary editor of The Egoist, the magazine which finally published Eliot's book in June 1917? But Eliot could hardly have described him as a publisher, and I'm not sure anyone had as yet suggested the Egoist Press might take on the book. 32 Laurence Housman, ed., War Letters of Fallen Englishmen (1930), 301. BL.40 has the originals of this and other letters from Wilson to HM. Mrs Wilson wanted to get her son's letters into print after the war, but HM could not find a publisher. A collection of Wilson's writings was published in New York as Waste Paper Philosophy (1920). 33 HM's army file, released in 1998 (PRO), records details: height 5'10'', weight 150 Ib., chest 39'', physical development `Good'. Slight chronic colitis, first suffered at Volun- teer camp while at Cambridge. Varicose veins in legs. Fit for service, except infantry. Certificate of moral character signed by Edward Marsh from 10 Downing Street.

Chapter 11. Casualty 1916±19

1 Waugh (1962), 192±3, dates this reading autumn 1915, but summer 1916 was the only time HM could have been seen in private's uniform. Waugh was introduced to HM in 1917 by Ian Mackenzie. 2 Note for a post-war lecture in Manchester (BL.37). 3 Scattered hints of these quarrels with Hewlett survive in letters from him to HM (Harvard) and to AK (RT), all n.d., and in AK's letters to HM and her last memoir. 4 AK to HM, n.d. [probably 15 Dec. 1916]. Boulton: probably Sir Harold Boulton, 2nd Bt, a minor poet. HM had known him in France. 5 Watson, The Man Who Saw (1917). 6 HM to Hodgson, 17 Nov. 1916 (Yale). 7 Eliot, `Reflections on Contemporary Poetry', The Egoist (Sep. 1917), 119. 8 AK's copy of Strange Meetings has a place name against each poem title, and some dates. 9 Gosse to HM, 21 Apr. 1917 (UC). 10 BL.36 (O), AK's notebook of poems. HM could see her poetry was poor, so to save embarrassment she pretended it was by an imaginary Gladys Biff. 11 Owen (1967), 506, 508, 511. 12 Apteryx [Eliot], `Verse Pleasant and Unpleasant', The Egoist (Mar. 1918), 43±4. 13 HM to Drinkwater, 12 Dec. 1917 (Yale). 14 Some of these consignments may have gone to the War Office. It had certainly ordered 50 copies of the previous volume for army libraries (the unopened parcels were found years later in a Whitehall cellar). 15 AK told these stories to Samuel Hynes. 16 AK to Hodgson, 7 Mar. 1918 (Yale). Sophia had taken a flat in Chelsea in 1912. 17 Correspondence in HM's army file. He left the army on joining the Ministry, but went back on army pay at M17D in the autumn. 18 Gosse to HM, n.d. [June 1918] (UC). 19 Waugh (1917), 97. 20 Pound (1988), 247. 21 HM (1909), 111 [threshold]. HM, `This Our Life' [vaunted].

Chapter 12. A New Start 1919±20

1 Hull shop: JG (1967), 75 n.2. Sylvia Beach, Shakespeare and Company (New York, 1956), 18, mentions getting advice from AK at the Bookshop, `a wonderful place'. 284 Notes

Woolf (1977), 289±90, records a visit from AdR about his Book Club. The Club produced at least one broadside, with a prose passage by Woolf, illustrated by Vanessa Bell (Oxford, John Johnson Collection). 2 Goldring (1935), 233±4; (1945), 153±4. Waugh (1962), 192±3; (1967), 96, 146. Wolfe (1934), 157. 3 Aldington to HM, 29 Apr. 1921 (UC). HM drafted part of a poem on the verso of this letter, so the MS was filed among his verse fragments, eluding Aldington researchers. 4 Yeats to HM, 10 June 1921 and n.d. (HRC). 5 Uranians: see Timothy d'Arch Smith, Love in Earnest (1970). Several of HM's Cam- bridge acquaintances, including Edward Dent, were homosexual. He also knew Charles Scott Moncrieff, who sent him a cryptic verse dated 22 Apr. 1914 (UC), seemingly implying a shared secret, if not a shared relationship. The link may have been Ian Mackenzie, who seems to have been one of Scott Moncrieff's lovers. 6 Draft work for `Unknown Country'. This and the next few quotations from UC notebooks. 7 Sitwell (1949), 34. Osbert was a frequent visitor, always full of comic anecdotes; AK liked him, but thought him a poor listener. 8 Vivien's diary (Oxford). 9 Reviews reprinted in Rogers (1977), 260, 256, 233, 236. 10 HM to Bax, 15 Jan. 1920 (HRC). Not knowing of this letter, Rogers (1977), 11, follows Hassall in attributing the first pejorative use of `Georgian' to HM in 1922. Rogers says the first use of `neo-Georgian' is in HM (1920), 156. Punch (30 Sep. 1925). 11 HM to Geddes, 6 Dec. 1918 (National Library of Scotland). 12 Ford (1934), 186; (1965), 147±8. See also Bowen (1974). I assume Nash stayed at the villa; he certainly told HM he wanted to rent it. Causey (1980), 397±8, catalogues two versions of `Cap Ferrat, Mediterranean', a painting of the sea from a high garden. 13 HM to Eliot, 17 Dec. 1919 (Harvard). Eliot (1988), 388. 14 RT has photocopies of four letters from Hewlett to AK, all undated and barely legible. AK notes on one that it was written just before her marriage. Her last memoir says that Kauffer persuaded HM to marry her, but Kauffer's letters to HM (Donald Gallup) show that the two men did not meet until Jan. 1923. 15 Fitzgerald (1984), 177. 16 Aiken (1952), 258. The term `squash' (an informal party), which Aiken used in a letter, has been seen as a Bookshop coinage, but it is an old Cambridge expression. 17 Ford (1965), 100, 132. 18 Bax, Some I Knew Well (1951), 174±5, and letters to HM (HRC); Meynell, My Lives (1971), 66±7, 193; Squire, The Invalids (1923); Waugh (1962), 171, and (1967), 62±3. The famous cricket chapter in A. G. Macdonell, England, Their England (1933), is based on Invalids matches. 19 Details from `Oswald' (see Ch.4, n.3 above). 20 HM to Eliot, 24 Oct. 1920 (Harvard). Rhys Davies (1969), 104±5. 21 Pound to HM, 24 Nov. 1920 (UC). Pound's paranoia: see the note at the end of his Cathay (1915); Aldington drew HM's attention to this. 22 Reviews of HM (1920) mostly quoted from RT. Hewlett's Wiltshire Essays (1921), 224± 7, reprints his review. Kyle's (anonymous) comment: Poetry Review (1921), 113. Cour- nos to JG, 2 Dec. 1961 (UT). Notes 285

Chapter 13. Disillusion 1921±5

1 `Obituary Verses`, Saturday Westminster Gazette (2 Feb. 1921), 10. Another epitaph: `Ezra Pound/Has gone to ground'. Mew to AK, several letters (Buffalo). Fitzgerald (1984), 177, is mistaken in saying that AK went to France alone. 2 Freda McGregor remembers AK saying this. 3 AK suffered at least one haemorrhage, 1922±5. 4 AK to Ottoline Morrell, 23 Feb. 1929 (HRC). 5 BL.36 (E). The only date in this much-used notebook is 1924, but some notes in it showing HM preparing for the Chapbook questionnaire cannot be later than July 1922. 6 HM to Marsh, 4 Feb. 1923 (NY). 7 The East End incident is referred to in several UC MSS. Correspondence about the questionnaire: King's (Barnes Papers MS 32). An absurd answer by `Galloway Keetes' was no doubt composed by HM. 8 HM to Sebastian Sprott, 20 Jan. 1923 (King's) [Heretics]. HM to MB, March 1923 (UM) [Barker]. Disher to HM, 18 Apr. 1923 (Buffalo). 9 Kauffer to HM, 17 May 1923 (Donald Gallup). 10 Eliot to HM, 27 May 1923 (Donald Gallup). 11 Warden Fox to James Thomson, 30 Mar. 1965 (Radley). The Radleian (29 July 1923). Boyd (1948), 318. 12 Quotations up to this point selected from a notebook begun in Jan. 1923; the rest from one begun in Sep. 1923 (BL.36 (C±D)). 13 `Great Distance', MS dated 2 Jan. 1925. MSS of `Sleeping by the Sea' and `Too Near the Sea' are dated 18 and 21 Jan. 1925. 14 Nash's painting is reproduced and discussed in Causey (1980), 179±83. UC has letters between Nash and HM. 15 HM to Marsh, 8 June 1925 (NY). Marsh (1939), 33.

Chapter 14. Great Russell Street 1926±8

1 HM was elected FRSL in 1925, proposed by Drinkwater. Early brochures, n.d., of EVSA show him as treasurer; AK and several other regular readers at the Bookshop were also on the council. 2 Aldington (1968), 238±40. 3 Sims (1982), 265. 4 Details of the new shop from press cuttings (RT). 5 Cecil House, First Annual Report (1927±8), kindly lent to me by Cecil Houses. 6 BL.41 and RT. Aldington, Kauffer and Rutherston undertook to take 5 £1 shares each; Wolfe, John Bailey and Mrs M. Ball 10; Halliday 5 or 10; Major H. Brodie 20; Arnold Bennett 25. Galsworthy, Forster, Gordon Bottomley, Sydney Cockerell and Owen Seaman were among those who declined to subscribe. Other papers may well have been lost, but the total offer of capital must have been far less than HM had hoped. 7 Letters between Wolfe and Edward Thompson, and AK to Wolfe, 1926±7 (NY). 8 Allen, As I Walked Down New Grub Street (1981), 23±4. Grigson, `Coming to London ± IV', London Magazine (June 1956), 45. Ould (1947), 306. 9 Woolf (1980), 157. See also her Letters iii (1977), 416. HM knew most of the so-called Bloomsbury Group, including the Woolfs, Duncan Grant and Lytton Strachey, but 286 Notes

there was not much contact between their (north-west) Bloomsbury and his (south- east). 10 Unsigned typescript, 30 Aug. 1926 (UC, with HM±Eliot correspondence). HM wrote the paper; Flint typed it, making a copy for HM to sign and send to Eliot (Flint to HM, 31 Aug. 1926, UC). 11 Invitations: Eliot±Fletcher correspondence (HRC); Aiken papers (Huntington). DobreÂe: in Allen Tate, T. S. Eliot: The Man and His Work (1967), 77±8. 12 HM to Jack Lindsay, 3 Sep. 1923 (UC) [strong]. Eliot to HM, 13 Oct. 1924 (UC) [fastidious]. 13 Eliot to Fletcher, 6 Mar. 1928 (HRC). 14 From a notebook, among drafts of wartime poems (UC). 15 Palmer, draft of an article on HM (HRC). 16 MB (1955), 306, 319. MB's account may well be exaggerated, but the play was certainly a huge success.

Chapter 15. No Way Out 1929±32

1 Eliot, critical introduction to HM (1933), xvi. 2 Plomer, At Home: Memoirs (1958), 60±1. Plomer had corresponded with HM from South Africa. 3 Plough: see Davidson, The World, the Flesh, and Myself (1977), 160; Denise Hooker, Nina Hamnett: Queen of Bohemia (1986). 4 Seymour (1992), 406, 488. 5 Few details of the Plough affair survive. With a little guesswork, I reconstruct from AK's letters to Ottoline (HRC), AK's last memoir and HM's diaries and notes. 6 Pound to HM, 26 Oct. 1926; HM to Pound, 21 Feb. 1927 (UC). Ould (1947), 310 [cat]. 7 Pound to HM, `24 Nov.' (UC). 8 Brooke Memorial Committee: papers in PEN archive (HRC). HM's speech at the 4 Mar. dinner was published twice as an article (see Bibliography). 9 HM to Read, 28 June 1930 (University of Victoria, B. C.). 10 The first specialist was Edward Carew-Shaw, who in 1991 still remembered examining HM. 11 Aiken (1978), 259. 12 HM to Aiken, 8 Oct. 1930 (Huntington). Aiken (1978), 162. 13 HM, `Over Production of Books' (1931) is an adaptation of this speech. 14 Several 1931 letters from Helston to HM and HM to Abercrombie (BL.41). 15 Quotations, out of sequence and with slight amendments, from HM's last notebooks and other papers (BL). The first three are some of the anecdotes with which he used to start his lectures. 16 HM to Aiken, 16 Sep. 1931, from Bad Eilsen (Huntington). 17 MB (1955), 65±6. 18 Eliot to HM, 1 Jan. and 17 Feb. 1932 (Donald Gallup).

Chapter 16. Legacies

1 Flint, introduction to HM (1933). Months later, Pound described Flint as `draped in grief over ole 'Arold's tombstone' (Pound, 1951, 329±30). Flint was one of HM's executors (the others were AK and Fred Monro's son Lionel); HM had appointed Notes 287

him in place of Aldington, after Aldington had made an unkind reference to HM in an article. 2 Some Letters of E. H. W. Meyerstein, ed Rowland Watson (1959), 142. AK remedied the Bookshop's neglect of Meyerstein by publishing a collection of his verse in 1933, no doubt because it contained an elegy to HM. 3 Hodgson & Co catalogue (Oxford). Sale held on 11 Nov. 1932. 4 Lillah McCarthy organised the event for the English Verse-Speaking Association (scrapbook, HRC). 5 AK told this story to Samuel Hynes. See also `Robert Sencourt' (Robert Gordon George), T. S. Eliot: A Memoir (New York, 1971), 150, where she is unnamed but referred to as a `devoted friend'. Eliot to Ottoline, 9 and 14 Aug. 1933 (HRC), men- tions George in connection with AK. Other details from Ottoline's diary (Adrian Goodman) and Vivien's diary (Oxford); Eliot to AK, three letters, 1932±3 (HRC), and two further letters, 1934±5 (Donald Gallup). 6 Ottoline's diary, 20 Aug. 1933 (Adrian Goodman). 7 AK to Hodgson, 24 Feb. 1954 (Yale). 8 The Scottish writer Fred Urquhart, whose first published novel, Time Will Knit (1938), has a quotation from HM's `New Day' as its title, has told me that Nigel seduced him in 1934. Only when they met again ten years later did Urquhart discover that Nigel was married; by that time a divorce was under discussion, and Nigel was already on drugs. As well as inheriting HM's sexual uncertainty and proneness to addiction, Nigel seems to have had his father's tendency when drunk to get into arguments in public places; he often quarrelled in restaurants, on one occasion threatening to kill Urquhart. 9 AdR to AK, 11 Nov. 1966 (BL.52). AdR died in Australia in 1974. Bibliography

Harold Monro: published works

Books and pamphlets Poems (Elkin Mathews, Vigo Cabinet Series No. 37, July 1906). Proposals for a Voluntary Nobility, joint author with Maurice Browne (Samurai Press, Ran- worth Hall, January 1907). The Evolution of the Soul (Samurai Press, Ranworth Hall, April 1907). Judas (Samurai Press, Cranleigh, dated 1907 but published early 1908; reissued, Sampson Low, Marston, February 1911). The Chronicle of a Pilgrimage: Paris to Milan on Foot (Brown, Langham, November 1909; reissued Sampson Low, Marston, 1912, and Leonard Parsons, 1925). Before Dawn (Poems and Impressions) (Constable, July 1911). Children of Love (Poetry Bookshop, December 1914). Trees (Poetry Bookshop, dated 1916 but published December 1915). Strange Meetings (Poetry Bookshop, April 1917). Some Contemporary Poets (1920) (Leonard Parsons, November 1920; reissued Simpkin Marshall, 1928). One Day Awake (A Morality Without Moral) (The Chapbook No. 32; Poetry Bookshop, December 1922). Real Property (Poetry Bookshop, March 1922). Harold Monro, ed. Humbert Wolfe (Augustan Books of English Poetry, Benn, 1927). The Earth for Sale (Chatto & Windus, May 1928; Dial Press, New York, 1928). The Collected Poems of Harold Monro, ed. Alida Monro with a biographical sketch by F. S. Flint and a critical note by T. S. Eliot (Cobden-Sanderson, 1933). The Silent Pool and Other Poems, chosen by Alida Monro (Faber & Faber, 1942).

Selected articles and other prose pieces `The Inglenook', The Florence Herald (17 December 1910). `How I Began', T. P.'s Weekly (4 April 1913), 419. `Broadsides', The Imprint (September 1913), 61±73. `The Poetry Bookshop: A year's experience and results', The Daily Citizen (31 January 1914), 4. `Some Thoughts on the Poetry of Rupert Brooke', Cambridge Magazine (22 May 1915), 425±6. `Poetry in 1915', T. P.'s Weekly (15 January 1916). `A Dog's Agreement' (signed `Joggles'), Punch (24 April 1918), 262. `The Georgian Movement in Poetry' (letter), Book Monthly (April 1920), 240. `Words to Music' Music and Letters (January 1920), 52±9. `Wordsworth Revisited', The Criterion (July 1924), 468±76. `The Revival of the Broadside', The Town Crier (December 1926), 282. `Poetry and the Public', The Daily Chronicle (30 December 1926). `A True Adventure at Dawn', The Criterion (September 1928), 27±32. `The Future', The Radleian (June 1927), 238±9.

288 Bibliography 289

`What is Right with English Poetry', Everyman (6 February 1930), 35. `Personal Recollections of Rupert Brooke', Everyman (24 July 1930), 803. Another version in The Rising Generation (1 October 1930), 15±16. At least twenty articles in The Rising Generation (University of Tokyo, June 1930±July 1931), including `Over Production of Books' (15 July 1931, Monro's talk to the Double Crown Club) and various adaptations of lectures.

Periodicals and an anthology edited by Monro The Poetry Review (St Catherine Press, monthly, January-December 1912). Poetry and Drama (Poetry Bookshop, quarterly, March 1913±December 1914). The Chapbook (Poetry Bookshop, 1919±25). Published as The Monthly Chapbook (Poetry & Drama New Series), Nos 1±6, July-December 1919; The Chapbook A Monthly Miscellany, Nos 7±38, January 1920±June 1923 (no numbers for July 1921±January 1922 nor for March, April, June 1922); The Chapbook A Miscellany, Nos 39 and 40, October 1924 and 1925. Twentieth Century Poetry: An Anthology Chosen by Harold Monro (Chatto & Windus, 1929).

Poems Monro liked to publish his poems in periodicals before assembling the best of them in collections. No complete bibliography exists, but poems by him can be found in The Caian, The Cambridge Magazine, The Chapbook, Coterie, The Criterion, The Dial, The English Review, The Florence Herald, Form, The Idler, The Listener, Mandragora, Microcosm, The New Statesman, The Observer, Poetry, Poetry & Drama, The Poetry Review, Rhythm, The Saturday Westminster Gazette, The Spectator, To-Day, The Westminster Gazette and else- where.

General

Aiken, Conrad. Selected Letters, ed. Joseph Killorin (New Haven, 1978). ÐÐ Ushant: An Essay (New York, 1952). Aldington, Richard. Life for Life's Sake: A Book of Reminiscences (1968 edn, first published 1941). Bentinck, H. D. The Letters of Henry Major Bentinck, Coldstream Guards (1919). Bowen, Stella. Drawn from Life (Maidstone, 1974). Boyd, A. K. The History of Radley College 1847±1947 (1948). Brooke, Rupert. The Letters of Rupert Brooke, ed. Geoffrey Keynes (1968). Browne, Maurice. Too Late to Lament: An Autobiography (1955). Carpenter, Humphrey. A Serious Character: The Life of Ezra Pound (1988). Causey, Andrew. Paul Nash (1980). Church, Richard. The Voyage Home (1964). Cork, Richard. Vorticism (1976). Cournos, John. Autobiography (1935). Davies, Rhys. Print of a Hare's Foot: An Autobiographical Beginning (1969). Davies, W. H. Later Days (1925). del Re, Arundel. `Georgian Reminiscences', three articles in Studies in English Literature (University of Tokyo, April 1932), 322±31; (September 1932), 460±71; (1934), 27±42. Doyle, Charles. (1989). Drinkwater, John. Discovery: Being the Second Book of an Autobiography 1897±1913 (1932). 290 Bibliography

Eliot, T. S. The Letters of T. S. Eliot i, ed. Valerie Eliot (1988). Fitzgerald, Penelope. and Her Friends (1984). Fletcher, John Gould. Life is My Song (New York, 1937). Ford, Ford Madox. It Was the Nightingale (1934). ÐÐ The Letters of , ed. Richard M. Ludwig (Princeton, 1965). Frost, Robert. Selected Letters, ed. Lawrance Thompson (1965). Goldring, Douglas. The Nineteen-Twenties (1945). ÐÐ Odd Man Out (1935). Grant, Joy. Harold Monro and the Poetry Bookshop (1967). Green, Martin. Mountain Of Truth: The Counterculture Begins, Ascona 1900±1920 (Hanover, NH, 1986). Hamilton, G. H. Queen Square: Its Neighbourhood and Institutions (1926). Hassall, Christopher. Edward Marsh: Patron of the Arts: A Biography (1959). ÐÐ Rupert Brooke: A Biography (1964). Hodgson, Ralph. Poets Remembered (Ohio, 1967). Hutchins, Patricia. Ezra Pound's Kensington: An Exploration 1885±1913 (1965). Hynes, Samuel. Edwardian Occasions (1972). Lewis, Wyndham. Blasting and Bombardiering (1937). Lowell, Amy. `A Letter from London', The Little Review (October 1914), 6. ÐÐ`The Poetry Bookshop', The Little Review (May 1915), 19±22. Marsh, Edward. A Number of People: A Book of Reminiscences (1939). Monro, Alida ed. Charlotte Mew, Collected Poems (1953). ÐÐed., Recent Poetry 1923±1933 (1933). ÐÐwith Clara Bowring, The Popular Poodle (1953). Monroe, Harriet. A Poet's Life: Seventy Years in a Changing World (New York, 1938). Nelson, James G. Elkin Mathews: Publisher to Yeats, Joyce, Pound (Madison, 1989). Nevinson, C. R. W. Paint and Prejudice (1937). Ould, Hermon. Shuttle (1947). Owen, Wilfred. The Collected Letters of Wilfred Owen, ed. Harold Owen and John Bell (1967). Palmer, Herbert. Post-Victorian Poetry (1938). Pondrom, Cyrena. The Road from Paris: French Influence on English Poetry 1900±1920 (1974). Pound, Ezra `Harold Monro', The Criterion (July 1932), reprinted in Polite Essays (1937), 1±16. ÐÐThe Letters of Ezra Pound, ed. D. D. Paige (1951). ÐÐ`Merit', The Spectator (23 June 1933), 913. ÐÐPound/The Little Review: The Letters of Ezra Pound to Margaret Anderson (1988). Roberts, Michael. T. E. Hulme (1938). Rogers, Timothy. Georgian Poetry 1911±1922: The Critical Heritage (1977). Ross, Robert H. The Georgian Revolt: Rise and Fall of a Poetic Ideal 1910±22 (1967). Seymour, Miranda. Ottoline Morrell: Life on the Grand Scale (1992). Sims, George. `Alida Monro and the Poetry Bookshop', Antiquarian Book Monthly Review (July 1982), 262±7. Sitwell, Osbert. Laughter in the Next Room (1949). Szeemann, Harald. Monte Verita: Berg der Wahrheit (Milan, 1978). Thomas, Edward. Selected Letters, ed. R. George Thomas (1995). Waugh, Alec. The Early Years of Alec Waugh (1962). ÐÐThe Loom of Youth (1917). ÐÐMy Brother Evelyn and Other Profiles (1967). Bibliography 291

Wees, William C. Vorticism and the English Avant-Garde (Toronto, 1972). Wells, H. G. A Modern Utopia (1905). Wickham, Anna. The Writings of , Free Woman and Poet, ed. R. D. Smith (1984). Wilkinson, Louis (`Louis Marlow'). Swan's Milk (1934). Wolfe, Humbert. Portraits by Inference (1934). Woolf, Virginia. The Diary of Virginia Woolf, ed. Anne Olivier Bell, i. 1915±1919 (1977); ii. 1925±1930 (1980); iv. 1931±1935 (1982). Woolmer, J. Howard. The Poetry Bookshop 1912±1935: A Bibliography (Revere, 1988). ÐÐThe Samurai Press 1906±1909: A Bibliography (Revere, 1986). Index

HM stands for Harold Monro, AK for Alida Klemantaski (Monro), PB for Poetry Bookshop, PD for Poetry and Drama, PR for Poetry Review

Abercrombie, Lascelles, 5, 96±7, 99±102, Blake, William, 174 107±8, 117, 122, 126, 131±3, 140, 144±5, Blast, 144, 153 160, 170, 201±2, 205, 212, 214, 224, 248, Blunden, Edmund, 5, 271 250±1, 254±5, 259 Bottomley, Gordon, 93, 97, 115; King Lear's Ackerley, J. R., 202, 226, 248, 257 Wife, 171, 175 Aiken, Conrad, 145±6, 153±4, 187, 211, Boulton, (?Sir Harold), 184±5 238, 241, 252, 256 Bowen, Stella, 209 Ainley, Henry, 161, 171 Bridges, Robert, 1, 123, 126, 131, 151±2, Aldington, Richard: contributor to PR, 97, 167, 171, 234 126; on HM's poems, 105, 156, 220, 254; Brooke, Alfred, 142 Futurist costume, 142; literary editor, Brooke, Rupert: at PB, 1, 116, 124; Egoist, 144; reviews PB books, 160; HM founder-Georgian, 4, 55, 96±7, 106; reviews for, 159, 161; Images (PB), 167, Poems, 96, 101; contributions to PR, 97, 169, 187; army service, 178, 217; at 103±4, 108, 125; avoids visiting Malting Mecklenburgh Square, 193; leaves House, 107; support for PB, 108±9, 145; London, 202; contributions to reads at PB, 118, 121, 145±6, 152±4; Chapbook, 204, 216, 224; dines with contributions to PD, 125±6; HM's regard Eliots and HM, 206; HM stays with, 217, for poems, 108, 120, 159, 173±4; HM on 232±3; HM's executor, 287 n1; his death, 160±1, 164; Memorial mentioned, 1, 5, 104, 141, 213, 251 Committee, 5, 250±1; mentioned, 42 n, Alford, John, 108±9, 116, 122, 124, 126, 99±100, 133, 135±6, 147, 149, 170, 183, 131±5, 140, 142, 148, 154, 162, 170 201, 202 n Allen, Walter, 238 Brooke House, 7, 14 n, 177, 240, 259, 261, Arnold, Matthew, 16±17, 28±30, 130, 257, 266±7 268 Browne, Dorothy (Maurice's sister): see Ascona (Monte Verita), 4, 29, 69, 71±4, Monro, Dorothy 76±7, 85±6, 88±90, 132, 134, 137, 139 Browne, Marsie (Maurice's mother), 15, 17, Asquith, H. H., 192 18±19, 22, 24±5, 27±31, 33, 48, 53, 142 Auden, W. H., 261 Browne, Maurice: at Cambridge, 13, Aumonier, Stacy, 235 15±19, 23±4, 267; feelings for HM, 16, 18, 24±6, 28, 36, 48, 258; poetic Baring, Maurice, 190 ambitions, 15, 17, 24, 28±30; Zetetes, 19, Barry, Iris, 224, 229 27±8, 54; in India, 27±8, 30; reads A Bax, Clifford, 196, 208, 212, 248 Modern Utopia, 29; Epithalamion, 31; Beach, Sylvia, 201, 209, 226 plans Samurai with HM, 35, 38; Samurai Belloc, Hilaire, 135 Press, 39±42, 46±7, 53±5; meets Wells, Bennett, Arnold, 1, 92, 234, 270 43±5; quarrel with HM, 48; flight to Bentinck, Henry, 21±2, 30, 33, 182 Capri, 47±9; the lost leader, 50, 52±3; Binns, Henry Bryan, 124 renews contact with HM, 68, 70; in Italy Binyon, Laurence, 124 with HM, 77, 79±81; marries in USA, 81; Birch, Frank, 145±6, 170, 225 praises Before Dawn, 86; contribution to Bircher-Benner, Max, 61±2, 69, 73, 77, 124, PR, 98±9; Little Theatre (Chicago), 101, 218 105, 109, 239; visits London, 131±2, 145;

292 Index 293

returns to England, 239; finds HM assistant editor, PD, 116, 118, 124, 126, drunk, 240, 249; and Journey's End, 245; 134; readings at PB, 122, 152; and AK, financial help to HM, 246, 254; on 134, 186; and Marinetti, 135, 143; war Brooke Memorial Committee, 250; service, 149, 161, 168, 197; Chelsea nurses HM, 257±8; at HM's funeral, 259; Book Club, 201; university posts, 225, later life, 263 252, 264; marries, 228; last meeting with Buzzi, Paolo, 137 HM, 252; letter to AK, 264±5; Byron, Lord, 12, 22, 45, 114 mentioned, 3±4, 161, 175, 206, 250 Dent, Edward, 160±1, 169±71, 175, 182, Cabaret Club, 135±6, 264 197, 206, 225, 284 n5 Cafe Royal, 117 n, 124±5, 140, 215, 252 Dickinson, Goldsworthy Lowes, 169±70 Caius College, Cambridge, 13±14, 17, 30, Disher, M. Willson, 116±17, 223, 264 131, 266 DobreÂe, Bonamy, 124, 225, 241 Callwell, Albert, 96 Doolittle, Hilda (H. D.), 104, 142, 178, 180, Cambridge Magazine, The, 108, 160 186, 193, 202, 204, 209 Cammaerts, Emile, 171 Drinkwater, John, 3, 36, 54±5, 93, 96±7, Campbell, Roy, 231, 250 101±2, 105±7, 109, 116, 125, 133, 192, Cannan, Gilbert, 97, 124, 124, 144 n, 205, 212±15, 222, 234, 237, 250, 257, 145±6, 160 285 n Carpenter, Edward, 1, 37, 44, 84, 87, 91, Dunne, J. W., 256±7 123±4, 142, 185 Cecil House, 235, 247 Egoist, The, 99, 144, 159±61, 187, 190, 268 Chapbook, The, 200, 204±6, 208±9, 211±12, Eliot, T. S.: at PB, 3, 153, 213, 229, 242, 245, 216±7, 223±5, 229±30 252; HM's `rejection' of early poems, Charlton, Leo, 202, 240, 259 153±4, 169, 175, 187, 282±3 n31; HM Chesterton, Mrs Cecil, 235 gives reading of `Prufrock', 123, 169; Chesterton, G. K., 1, 51, 135, 142, 194, meets HM, 206; opinions of HM's work, 227, 235 5, 156, 169, 187±8, 192, 214, 220, 242±3, Church, Richard, 250, 254 246, 259, 261±2; reads at PB, 213; The Coit, Stanton, 42 n, 51, 55, 69 Waste Land and HM, 156, 219, 222, 224, Colvin, Sidney, 117 260 n; unable to open PB, 234; gratitude Cornford, Frances, 126, 159±60, 170 to HM, 241; Criterion, 205, 240±1, 242; Cournos, John, 126, 141, 180, 193, 210, Criterion Club, 240, 251, 257±8; 215, 225 contributions to Chapbook, 209, 216, Craig, Edward Gordon, 82, 85, 93, 105 n, 223, 241; introduces HM to Joyce, 249; 123, 126, 216, 224±5 and HM's death, 257, 259; friendship Crowley, Aleister, 1, 107, 117 n, 123, 135 with AK, 130, 260±3; mentioned, 16±17, 39, 190, 198, 205, 231 Darwin, Charles, 15, 27, 35, 41, 108 Eliot, Vivien(ne), 206, 222, 229, 234, 260±1 Davidson, John, 60, 129 Ellis, Vivian Locke, 124 Davies, W. H., 1, 97, 120, 126, 135, 186, Elton, Godfrey, 126 202 n, 212±3, 222, 226, 234 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 16±17, 26, 35, 46, Dean, Basil, 126 57, 63, 130, 188, 260 n de la Mare, Walter, 5, 97, 126, 135, 142, Empson, William, 261 171, 175, 197, 204, 222, 248, 250 Epstein, Jacob, 1, 117, 131, 135±6, 140, 264 del Re, Arundel: with HM in Florence, 81±2, 83±5; HM's love for, 83, 89±90, Fabian Society, 42±4, 84, 124, 169 130, 151, 219; at Ascona mill, 88±90, Farjeon, Eleanor, 226 132; accompanies HM to London, 90±1; Farr, Florence, 122, 270 assistant editor, PR, 92, 94±6, 99±100, Fenton, Violet, 39, 63±4, 68 106, 109; reviews Pound, 103; and Vera Ficke, Arthur Davison, 28, 31, 39, 41±2, Tchaikovsky, 111, 133±4, 159, 168; 44±5, 48, 53±4 294 Index

Figgis, Darrell, 102 98±9, 101; a founder-Georgian, 96±7, Fitzroy, The, 246±8, 253, 256 106±8, 222; Pound on, 100; arrives in Flecker, James Elroy, 108, 126, 155, London, 102; helps HM find premises, 159±60, 212, 240 105, 262; tenant at PB, 109, 116, 131; PB Fletcher, John Gould, 97, 104, 114, 124, readings, 122±3, 213; absent from PD 175, 186, 204, 210, 242, 280 n10 and Chapbook, 125, 205; quarrel with Flint, Frank Stuart, friendship with HM: 5, HM, 132±4, 145, 155; pioneer war poet, 103±4, 186, 248, 254, 259, 261; pioneer 152; war service, 170, 198; AK on, 212; Modernist, 93, 98±9, 161; PR article on HM on, 214, 244; AK meets brother, 249; French poets, 97, 104±5; personality, on Brooke Memorial Committee, 250 104, 251; at PB parties, 120, 131, 142, Gillett, Eric, 116±17, 143±6, 212 145±6, 153±4, 197, 225; contributions to Ginner, Charles, 2, 231 PD, 125; Cadences (PB), 169, 187; called Goldring, Douglas, 126, 201, 204, 208±9, up, 191; contributions to Chapbook, 204, 214, 224 206, 209, 223; Otherworld (PB), 226; and Gooch, Sir Daniel (1st Bt), 9 Criterion Club, 241, 251±2, 257; HM's Gooch, Sir Daniel (`Curly', 3rd Bt), 11±12, executor, 286±7 n1; mentioned, 1, 42 n, 33±4, 38, 205, 212±13, 217 118, 135, 141, 184, 212, 240 Gooch, Lancelot, 25, 118, 166, 212, 217 Flying Fame, The, 134, 137±8 Gooch, Mary Winifred (Lady Gooch, Ford, Ford Madox, 1, 93, 95, 101, 125, `May', neÂe Monro, HM's sister), 6, 11±12, 141±2, 155, 201, 209, 211±12, 216, 223±4 25, 33±4, 38, 40±2, 52, 69, 86, 105, 175, Forel, August, 180, 183 212±13, 217, 256, 264 Forster, E. M., 1, 16, 202, 225±6 Gooch, Phyllis, 25, 212 Fowler, Ethel, 226 Gore-Booth, Eva, 229 Fraser, Claud Lovat, 124, 134, 137±8, 149, Gosse, Edmund, 92±3, 140, 171, 189, 197, 170, 179±80, 183, 187, 194, 201, 204, 209 206, 217, 236±7 Gould, Gerald, 42 n, 142, 197, 207, 210 Freeman, John, 190 Grant, Joy, x, 164 Frost, Robert, 1, 116±17, 120, 124, 126, Granville-Barker, Harley, 46, 189, 223 131, 134±5, 157, 175, 245 Graves, A. P., 167, 171 Futurism, 132, 135±7, 141±4, 197 Graves, Robert, 1, 54, 190, 205, 223±5, 238, 251; Over the Brazier (PB), 167, 175 Galsworthy, John, 235, 237, 270 Green, Romney, 42, 44, 48±9, 51±3, 56, Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri, 116±17, 143 69±70, 77±9, 85, 95, 98, 115, 118, 124±5, Geddes, Patrick, 124, 208 131, 234, 236, 264 Gee, Collingwood, 81±3 Grigson, Geoffrey, 238 `Georgian', meanings of, 96±7, 173; HM's Gross, Otto, 72±3 uses of, 86, 190, 208, 220, 222; Guest, Haden, 44 `neo-Georgian', 208 n Gurney, Ivor, 206 Georgian poetry / poets, 4±5, 96±7, 102, Guthrie, James, 43, 47, 69, 98, 115, 160, 106±8, 125, 133, 141, 143, 145, 154, 175, 169 178, 187 n, 200, 204, 211, 214, 250, 264, Gwyther, Geoffrey, 171 271; origins, 32, 54±5, 60, 96, 152 Georgian Poetry: i (1912), 96, 107±9, 175, Haeckel, Ernst, 27, 41 261; ii (1915), 156, 169, 171, 175, 187±8; Halliday, F. W., 183, 197 iii (1917), 190, 192±3; iv (1919), 201, Hamnett, Nina, 247 205±7; v (1922), 222±3; `vi' (1933), 231, Hardy, Thomas, 126, 152, 171, 175, 224, 261 240 Georgian Society, 207±8 Helston, John, 131, 254±5, 259 Gibson, Wilfrid Wilson: published by Henley, W. E., 60 Samurai Press, 47, 54±5; influence on Heretics, the, 108, 143, 223, 225 HM's poetry, 54±5, 60, 86; and PR, 93, Herron, George, 82, 84, 124 Index 295

Hesse, Hermann, 62, 73±4 La LignieÁre (Gland), 58±9, 61, 63, 68, 70±1, Hewlett, Maurice: urges HM to return to 222, 236 England, 85; promotes Before Dawn, Lawrence, D. H., 4, 73, 79, 95, 97, 107, 116, 85±6; enquires about mill, 89; takes 122, 126, 133, 175, 193, 204, 253 HM to Poets' Club, 93; disapproves of Lawrence, Frieda, 72, 193 Arundel, 95; contributor to PR, 97; Lee, Rupert, 101 advises HM about PR, 101, 103; at PB, Lee, Vernon (Viola Paget), 82±4 122, 140, 145±6, 152±3, 194, 201; Lewis, Percy Wyndham, 1, 136, 140 n, contributor to PD, 126, 131, 135; 143±4, 155, 191, 204, 224, 226, 254 declines to meet Marinetti, 136; Lincoln's Inn, 13±14, 18, 75, 221, 266 friendship with AK, 128, 134, 151, 158, Lindsay, Vachel, 213 162, 184, 210; and war, 148, 155, 189; Lloyd George, David, 185±6, 248 criticises HM, 214; mentioned, 92, 99, Lomer, Sydney, 202 104, 169, 175 Lorimer, Emilia, 103, 120, 271 Hill, George, 239, 247 Lowell, Amy, 1, 115, 120, 126, 134, 146, Hodgson, Ralph, 97, 123±4, 131, 134±5, 152±3, 155, 161, 169, 186, 207 137±8, 145±6, 149, 161, 168, 187, 198, Ludwig, Emil, 90 201, 205, 212, 259, 263 Lunn, Arnold, 226 Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 250 Lyall, Archibald, 259 Hueffer, F. M.: see Ford Hulme, T. E., 3, 4, 93, 99, 102±5, 108, 111, Macaulay, Rose, 126 117, 124±6, 131, 135, 140±1, 143, 149, Mackenzie, Ian, 179, 188, 194, 198, 161, 191, 201 284 n5 Huxley, Aldous, 201, 208±9 Macnamara, Francis, 122, 131 Maeterlinck, Maurice, 36±7 Imagism/Imagists, 97±8, 104±5, 125, Malleson, Miles, 212, 223±4, 229, 262 141±2, 146, 159, 161, 169, 186±7, 204, Mallory, George, 131 208, 215 Mann, Thomas, 61 Ingram, Kenneth, 202, 206 Manning, Frederic, 216 Ireland, John, 173 Mansfield, Katherine, 124 Irvine, Dr, 218±19 Margary, Peter John (HM's grandfather), 8±9, 268±9 Jackson, Holbrook, 43±4, 262 Marinetti, F. T., 123, 132±3, 135±6, 142±4, James, Miss, 180, 194 159, 161, 213, 264 Jones, David, 226, 242 Marsh, Edward, 3±4, 54, 86, 95±7, 101±2, Joyce, James, 237, 249, 268 106±7, 109, 116, 122±3, 125, 131, 133, Jung, C. G., 62, 72, 219 136, 142, 144±5, 148, 156, 160±1, 167, 169, 175, 184, 189±90, 197, 204, 206±7, Kate (maid), 26, 31, 39, 63±4, 68, 84 223, 231, 250, 261 Kauffer, Edward McKnight, 224±6, 234, Masefield, John, 5, 97, 190; The Everlasting 236, 241, 254 Mercy, 96, 99, 124±5 Keats, John, 12, 19, 22, 25, 30, 47, 57, 221, Mathews, Elkin, 33, 38, 93, 105±6, 133, 257; HM's portrait of, 16±17, 39, 82, 116, 169, 187, 271, 281 n12 257 Maude, Anthony, 19, 21 Klemantaski, Alida: see Monro, Alida Maude, Aylmer, 44 Komai, Gonoske, 171, 234 McCarthy, Lillah, 46, 253, 287 n4 Konody, Paul, 197 McDonald, Percy, 160, 169, 176±8 Kramer, Jacob, 224, 225 n Mew, Charlotte, 167±8, 171, 183, 190, 204, Kreymbourg, Alfred, 224 210, 212, 216, 224, 238, 240; The Kyle, Galloway, 69±70, 81, 92±3, 98±100, Farmer's Bride (PB), 175 103±4, 107, 109±10, 125, 144 n, 172, Meyerstein, E. H. W., 259, 287 n2 194, 214±15, 270±2 Meynell, Francis, 124, 212 296 Index

Meynell, Mrs Gerard, 152 Nigel born, 28; operations, 29, 63; return Miles, Eustace, 51±2, 270 to England, 32; to Haslemere, 38; first Millay, Edna St Vincent, 213 separation, 51±2, 56; with HM on Riviera, Milton, John, 12, 19, 28, 30, 123, 223 63, 65±6, 74±6; final separation, 66±7; Monkhouse, Allan, 183 later contacts with HM, 79, 95±6, 118, Monro, Alida (neÂe Klemantaski, HM's 131, 143, 148, 184, 240, 247; admires second wife): meets HM, 128±9; early Before Dawn, 86; helps with PB, 115; HM's life, family, 130, 139, 193; political later feelings for, 129, 158, 182, 239, 256; opinions, 130, 185±6, 194; friendship AK's attitude to, 141, 189, 190±1; divorce with Hewlett, 128, 134, 151, 158, 162, proceedings, 69, 166±7, 175, 182; 184, 210; relationship with HM, 130, alimony, 220±1, 246; Maurice returns, 132±5, 138±41, 158±9, 162, 167±8, 239; at HM's funeral, 259; death, 263 170±1, 173, 182±4, 188±9, 190±2, 198±9, Monro, Rev. Edward (HM's great-uncle), 8, 202±4, 210, 229, 240, 242; repels 267 advances from other people, 140±1, 168, Monro, Edward William (HM's father), 180±1; work at PB, 134, 140, 159±60, 6±9, 96 n, 245 225; readings, 122, 129, 140, 167, 171, Monro, Emily (neÂe Nugent, HM's aunt) 7, 175, 223, 232, 235, 242; and Wickham, 142, 221, 249, 268 133, 153, 171; and Nigel Monro, 139, Monro, Frederic Robert D'Oyly (HM's 159, 190, 239±40; influence on HM's cousin and solicitor), 177, 210, 240, 259, poems, 156, 179, 188; weekends with 268 HM, 139, 158, 173, 196, 248; at Red Lion Monro, Harold Edward: Sq., 162; friendship with Mew, 167, 238, 1879±1908 240; manages PB in wartime, 177±183, ancestry, 6±9, 266±9; birth (14 March 186, 190, 193, 211; at Mecklenburgh Sq., 1879), 9; at Radley, 9±11; at 180, 186, 193±4; at Millman St., 194; and Cambridge, 13 -17; engaged, 18; law HM's homosexuality, 140, 181, 188, student, 13±14, 18±20; to Ireland, 191±2, 218; and animals, 182, 196, 19±20; land agent, 19±21, 29, 51; 219±20, 263; and HM's drinking, 184±5, marries Dorothy, 25±6; early interest 218, 229, 247±8, 252±3, 256; in air raid, in bookselling, 27, 105; son born, 28; 196; work for Chapbook, 209, 211±12; leaves Ireland, 31; plans Samurai, marries HM, 210; at Villa des Oliviers, 35±6; to Haslemere, 38±9; meets Wells, 210±11, 216; at Heathcote St., 217, 43±5; Samurai convenor, 44±5, 48±9, 235±6; patch on lung, 220; at Sidlesham, 52±3; to Upper Ifold, 48; quarrel with 228±9, 236, 263; sequel to Georgian Maurice, 48, 50; first separation from Poetry, 231, 261; moves PB, 236±7; at Dorothy, 51 Selsey, 210; and Gibson, 249; confides in 1908±11 Ottoline, 247, 253, 262; and HM's last walks Paris±Milan, 57±9; Florence, illness and death, 256±60; friendship 59±61, 77, 79±85, 139; starts with Eliot, 187, 260±1; closes PB, 262; `Impressions', 60±1; psychoanalysed, death, 263; mentioned, 3, 5±6, 15, 26, 62; final separation, 66±7; poems 37, 85, 114, 131, 142, 148, 161 about sex, 73±4, 78±9; at Monte Monro, Arthur Russell (HM's brother), 6, Verita, 74, 76±80, 132; meets Arundel, 9±10, 80 81±3; mill house, Ascona, 73±4, 88±90, Monro, Charles (HM's cousin), 14, 19, 266 134, 198, 229, 264±5 Monro, Dorothy (neÂe Browne, HM's first 1911±14 wife, later Mrs George Hill): engaged to returns to England, 91; agreement HM, 18±19; hockey, 22±3; relationship with Poetry Society, 92±3; launches with HM, 22, 24, 33±5, 40, 46, 65±6, PR, 94±5; rents Malting House, Great 68±9; marries HM, 25±6; in Ireland, Canfield, 95; mother remarries, 96; 26±7, 30±1; attempts to share HM's founds PB, 105, 109, 119; founder- interests, 28±9, 32, 34, 36, 40, 42, 74, 189; Georgian, 106; loses PR, 109±10; Index 297

launches PD, 125; meets AK, 128±9; 198, 206, 232, 236, 248±9, 252, 256±8, quarrel with Gibson, 132±3; publicises 283 n33; homosexuality, 3, 10±11, 16, Futurism, 135±7, 142±4 62, 75±7, 80, 89±90, 140, 150±1, 181, 1914±18 183, 202±3, 218; lectures, 17, 55±6, 61, volunteers as messenger, 147; pioneer 69±70, 102, 108, 129, 223, 225, 232, war poet, 149±50, 152; and Eliot's 240, 254; and Modernism / early poems, 153±4, 175, 187; Modernists, 5, 39, 98±9, 102, 104±5, suspends PD, 154; rejects Thomas's 108, 111, 125, 141±2, 148, 155±6, 169, poems, 157±8; rents Beake cottage, 205, 209, 241, 248, 261; notebooks, Rayleigh, 158; Special Constable, 159; 197±8, 202, 221±2, 226±7, 255±6; and divorce proceedings, 69, 166±7, 175, the poetry of the future, 4, 16±17, 46, 182; rents Chestnuts Farm, Woodham 69±70, 91, 94, 98, 102±3, 107, 125±7, Ferrers, 170; joins army, 176; 215, 224; HM's poetry, characteristics Manchester, 181±6; Ripon, 194±6; of, 12, 54±5, 60, 73, 86, 111, 174, 206, desk jobs, 196±7; demobilised, 199 211; readings, 43, 77, 79, 120±3, 125, 1919±32 171, 175, 178, 189, 224, 232; and revives PB and launches Chapbook, religion, 22, 24, 33, 35±7, 40±9, 64, 87, 200±1; breakdown, 206; buys Villa des 127, 244±5; and the soul, 27, 41±3, 46, Oliviers, Cap Ferrat, 208±9; marries 78, 102, 164, 166, 242; walks, 14, AK, 209±10; first attacks of amnesia, 57±9, 74, 89, 125 210, 222; cricket, 212; sister dies, 217; Works (books) rents 19 Heathcote St., Bloomsbury, Before Dawn (Poems and Impressions), 4, 217±8; sees psychiatrist, 218; Arundel 17, 60±1, 64, 85±8, 91±3, 101, 108, marries, 228; rents Long Farm, 128, 135, 156, 173, 208, 243; Sidlesham, 229; last Chapbook, (Impressions), 60, 63, 83, 88, 92, 102; 229±31; eye trouble, 232; moves PB, Children of Love, 156±7, 187; The 234±5; mother dies, 235; rents Chronicle of a Pilgrimage, 60, 68, 70, 83, Crablands, Selsey, 240; assists Eliot, 198; Collected Poems, 261±2; The Earth 240±1; `Plough affair', 247; treasurer, for Sale, 242±4; The Evolution of the Brooke Memorial Committee, 250±1; Soul, 41±2, 51, 96; Judas, 36, 50, 55, death (16 March 1932), 258; funeral, 70, 79, 83, 85; One Day Awake, 223; 259 Poems, 33, 38; Proposals for a Voluntary Personal attributes Nobility, 41; Real Property, 14, 206, achievement, 3±5, 96, 113, 128, 155, 219±20, 222; Some Contemporary 171, 232, 259±60; appearance, 3, 7, 13, Poets, 213±16; Strange Meetings, 87, 201, 235; character, 6±7, 13, 43, 187±9, 192; Trees, 158, 163±6, 169±70, 46, 71, 124, 176, 238, 262; diaries, 31, 172±3, 187; Twentieth Century Poetry, 57, 84, 117±18, 129; diet, 35, 37, 52, 249±50 61±2; dreams, 9, 42, 62, 64±5, 191±2, Works (selected individual poems, 218±19, 242, 244, 256±7; drinking, 8, *unpublished) 13, 33, 38, 40, 64±5, 75±7, 80±1, 118, `Aspidistra Street', 185; `Bitter 125, 157, 168, 184±5, 200, 203±4, Sanctuary', 246, 257; `Carrion', 150±1; 217±8, 221±2, 226±7, 229, 232±3, 240, `Child of the Earth', 188; *`Cophetua' 247±8, 251±3, 256; and the earth, 68, (play), 37, 45±6, 63±4, 102, 139; 78, 88±9, 127, 135, 138, 151, 156, 212, `Coronilla', 34, 66, 182, 188, 231; 243, 254; finances, 7, 29, 96 n, 220 n, *`The Death of Jehovah', 3, 68, 77, 235, 279 n5; and the future, 4, 55±7, 79±80, 139, 183, 194, 198, 220, 224, 69, 75, 88±9, 135, 144, 198, 228, 243; 227, 244±5; `Dog', 201, 220; `Don Juan and Georgianism / Georgians, 3±5, 55, in Hell', 73, 87; `Dream Exhibition of a 60, 97, 106±7, 125, 133, 155±6, Final World', 228; `The Earth for Sale', 207±8, 214±15, 220, 222±3, 261; 243; `The Empty House', 113, 235; health, 12, 19, 37, 58, 191, 194, 196, `Field Excursion', 203; `The Garden', 298 Index

Monro, Harold Edward: (contd) 188, 196, 198, 217, 219, 229, 234±6, 250, 203±4, 219; `Goldfish', 198, 207, 219; 268 `Go Now, Beloved', 68±9, 128±9; Monro, Theodore Russell, 8±9, 268 `Great City', 111, 156; `Great Monro, Dr Thomas (HM's Distance', 229; `Hearthstone', 156±7; great-great-grandfather), 8, 266±7 *`His Positions', 151; `Holy Monroe, Harriet, 4, 122, 127, 144 n, 225 Matrimony', 228; `Introspection', 219, Monte Verita: see Ascona 222; *`Invitation (to A. d. R.)', 71, Moore, G. E., 173±4 88±90; `Journey', 172; `Lake Leman', Moore, Thomas Sturge, 97, 122, 142, 208, 61; `Lament in 1915', 147, 163, 234, 241, 262 187±8; `The Last Abbot', 77, 87±8; More, Thomas, 57 `London Interior', 111±12, 156; `Man Morley, Frank, 251±2 Carrying Bale', 206±7, 219; `Midnight Morrell, Lady Ottoline, 1, 21, 131, 229, Lamentation', 243; `Milk for the Cat', 240, 247, 253, 260, 262 156±7, 188, 202 n, 246; `Natural Morris, William, 26, 42, 114 History', 21, 239; `On the Destruction Muir, Edwin, 231 of the Foundling Hospital', 254; Munro, Hector Hugh (`Saki'), 268±9 `Overheard on a Saltmarsh', 110±11, Murray, Gilbert, 32, 45±6, 56, 92, 123, 160, 138, 156±7; `Paradise', 87; `The Poets 262, 270 Are Waiting', 148; `Real Property', 179, Murray, Harold, 42 n, 48±9, 52 219; `Retreat', 149; `Rumour', 239; Murry, John Middleton, 95, 102, 110, 124, `The Sickroom', 256; `Silence 207±8, 214, 220 Between', 243; `Soldier', 149; `Solitude', 183, 188; `Spring', 205±6; Nash, John, 201 *`The Springtide', 73±5, 77±8, 88, 151, Nash, Paul, 1, 67, 138, 169, 174, 201, 209, 166, 173; `The Strange Companion', 211, 224, 226, 229, 230±1 156±7; `Strange Meetings', 128, 158, Nesbitt, Cathleen, 122, 145 174, 181, 187, 194; `Suburb', 156, 222; Nevinson, C. R. W., 1, 136, 143, 170, 197, *`The Superman', 45; `To Tolstoi', 73, 226 87; `Two Visions', 57, 64±5, 73, 86±7; Nevinson, Henry, 259 `Unknown Country', 203, 222; `The New Age, The, 44, 55, 103±4, 108, 128 n Virgin', 79, 87; `Week- End', 158, Newbolt, Henry, 92±4, 97, 119±20, 122±3, 173±4, 187; `Winter Solstice', 242; 125, 140, 142, 152, 155±6, 220, 262 `Youth in Arms', 149±52, 157, 167 New Numbers, 133, 144, 160 Monro, Dr Henry (HM's grandfather), 7±9, Nichols, Robert, 190, 192±3, 197 268 Nicholson, John Gambril, 202 Monro, Mary Winifred (`May', HM's Nietzsche, Friedrich, 43, 45, 64, 68, 72, sister): see Gooch, Mary Winifred 123, 135, 137, 243, 260 n Monro, Nigel Harold Maurice Russell Noyes, Alfred, 144±5, 214, 227, 229 (HM's son), 28±32, 38, 52, 63±6, 68, 74±7, 79, 85, 96, 105, 116, 118, 132, 139, Oedenkoven, Henri, 71±2, 76, 198 142, 145, 147±8, 159±60, 190, 198, 220, Ogden, C. K., 108, 160±1, 225 235, 239±40, 247, 256±7, 259, 261, Orage, A. R., 43 263±4, 287 n8 Oreste (HM's servant), 76, 80, 84 Monro, Russell Henry (HM's uncle), 7, 8, Ould, Hermon, 146, 238±40, 250, 254, 257 10±11, 25, 33, 221, 245, 249, 264, Owen, Wilfred, 1, 22, 54, 91±2, 97, 117, 268 150, 167, 171±2, 192, 195 n, 198, 207, Monro, Sophia (Arabel Sophia, neÂe 271 Margary, later Mrs Albert Callwell, HM's mother): 6±13, 17±18, 20, 24, 26, Palmer, Mrs (PB housekeeper), 160, 177, 29±30, 38, 42, 52, 57, 76, 96, 105, 139, 179, 182, 185, 190±1, 193 142±3, 145, 147, 159, 162, 178±9, 184, Palmer, Herbert, 245 Index 299

Pass, Leonard, 16±17, 30±1, 39, 41 142, 154, 197, 213, 250, 262; at PB, 1, Patmore, Brigit, 217 117, 213, 248; and PR, 97, 99, 101, Pearsall Smith, Logan, 95 108, 271; and PD, 125, 145; HM reads Pecorini, John, 135, 251±2 poems, 108, 120±1; rhyme sheet, 138; Pepler, Hilary, 53, 262 amends poem by HM, 157 n; HM's Phillips (Dorothy Monro's lover), 66, 68, opinion of, 148, 186, 192, 248; 74±6, 79, 239 promotes Eliot's poems, 154, 187; Phillips, Stephen, 16, 109, 125, 270 disillusion with England, 201, 212±13; Plarr, Victor, 93, 97, 125, 135, 142 and Chapbook, 223±4; HM visits in Playfair, Nigel, 197 Paris, 226; Canzoni, 93; Catholic Plomer, William, 246 Anthology, 156, 169; Cavalcanti Plough, The, 247, 250, 253 translation, 103; , 5, Plowman, Max, 124, 271 141, 143, 169, 217, 226; Lustra, 175; Pocock, Guy, 17, 28, 31, 39, 41 `Prolegomena', 97, 99; mentioned, Poetry (Chicago), 4, 99, 144, 154, 183 39, 135, 152, 155, 159, 205, 208, 241, Poetry and Drama, 110, 116, 118, 120, 260 125±6, 128, 133, 135, 137±8, 140±1, Prentis, Terence, 222, 224, 229, 240, 252 143±5, 148, 151±2, 154±5, 157±8, 160, 200, 205, 241, 260 Quennell, Peter, 250 Poetry Bookshop: 35 Devonshire St., 1±3, 105, 109, 111±17, 119±20, 127, 133±4, Radley (St Peter's College, Radley), 6, 8±11, 231, 235, 238, 264; 38 Great Russell St., 18, 142, 225, 227, 268 234±6, 260, 262, 264; aims and origins, Raverat, Gwen, 159 7±8, 22, 32, 47, 54, 71, 85, 105±7, 127, Ravilious, Eric, 242 138; finances, 105, 187, 211, 225, 237, Rawnsley, W. F., 103, 271 254±5; other poetry bookshops, 138, Read, Herbert, 204, 224±5, 229, 241, 251±2 201, 210; parties, 120, 131, 197, 201, Reade, Winwood, 28, 130 225, 229, 254, 261±2; readings, 118±23, Rhys, Ernest, 93, 95, 121±2, 125±6, 152, 197 129, 136, 146, 152±3, 155, 161, 167±9, Rodker, John, 282 n18 171, 175, 178±9, 186, 193, 196±7, 213, Rosenburg, Isaac, 172, 197, 282 n18 218, 224±5, 237, 240, 242, 245, 254, 257, Ross, Robert, 95, 269 260; residents, 109, 116±17, 171±2; staff, Rothenstein, William, 175, 240 116, 160, 173, 177, 186, 225, 237; in Rowat, Mrs, 162, 191, 247, 253 wartime, 148, 167, 179, 183, 186, 190, Royde-Smith, Erica, 193 193±4 Royde-Smith, Naomi, 131 Publications: books, 108±9, 143±4, 161, Russell, Bertrand, 43, 169±70, 178 175, 179±80, 187, 200, 226, 262±3; Russell, Rollo, 43 broadsides, 155, 174; chapbooks, 137, Russell, Sir William (HM's 155±7, 159±60, 167, 169, 175, 187, great-grandfather), 8, 268 200; Christmas cards, 226, 240; rhyme Russolo, Luigi, 143 sheets, 137±8, 178, 183, 200±1, 217, Rutherston, Albert, 206, 223, 224, 226 226, 234, 263, 381 n12 Sabin, Arthur Knowles, 46±7, 49±54, see also Chapbook, The; Georgian Poetry; 69±70, 85±6, 92, 95±6, 98±9, 105, 109, Poetry and Drama 115, 118, 125, 131, 156, 169, 267 Poetry Review, The, 54, 92±104, 106±9, 125, Sackville-West, Vita, 239 144±5, 205, 214, 260, 265, 270±2 Samurai order, 29, 35, 43±5, 48±9, 52±3, Poetry Society, 69±70, 81, 92±3, 98, 100, 241, 244 103±4,107,109,120,125,205,209,270±1 Samurai Press, 39±44, 46±7, 53±5, 68, 96, Poets' Club, 93, 102, 125, 128, 135±6, 209 200, 239 Pound, Ezra: in London, 93; relationship Sassoon, Siegfried, 1, 54, 147, 152, 172, with HM, 94, 103,124; opinion of HM, 175, 190, 194, 196, 213, 229, 251 94, 96, 98, 100, 103, 105, 123, 140, Schell, Sherrill, 135 300 Index

Scott Moncrieff, Charles, 284 n5 Tolstoy, Leo, 26±7, 37, 44, 69, 73, 76 Searle, Phyllis, 115 Tomalin, Ruth, x, 263 Seeger, Alan, 149 Trench, Herbert, 145 Seymour, William Kean, 250 Turner, Reggie, 95 Shanks, Edward, 118, 122 126, 131, 145±6, Turner, W. J., 190, 193, 204±5, 212, 224 148±9, 156, 159±60, 167, 170, 175, 179, 186, 197, 204±5 Untermeyer, Louis, 162 Shaw, George Bernard, 33, 42 n, 44, 51, 69, 196, 210, 235 Vandenborght, M., 250±1 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 4, 22, 28±31, 34, 40, Van Volkenburg, Nellie, 80±1, 101, 131, 145 51, 82, 120±3, 127, 152, 178 Verhaeren, Emile, 171 Sheriff, R. C., 245 Vernon, W. F., 44, 48±9, 52 Shove, Fredegond, 169±70 Vines, Sherard, 117, 197, 210, 252, 256 Shove, Gerald, 170, 225 Vorticism, 144, 155, 161 Simpson, Henry, 128 Sinclair, May, 234 Wadsworth, Edward, 143 Sitwell, Edith, 1, 197, 205±6, 212±13, Waidberg (Zurich), 61, 65, 69, 71±2, 77, 89 224±5, 255±6, 259, 262 Watson, William, 185±6, 253 Sitwell, Osbert, 1, 114, 197, 201, 204±6, Watt, Basil Harry, 3, 92, 101, 105, 109, 116, 212, 224±5, 262, 284 n7 126, 131, 133±4, 140, 142, 144 n, 145, Sitwell, Sacheverell, 197, 201, 206, 231, 149, 151, 161, 163±4, 188±9, 217, 242 224±5 Waugh, Alec, 3, 122, 178, 201, 204, 206, Skilton, J. H., 42 n, 44, 48±9, 51±3 209, 212, 222 n, 259 Smythe, Alfred, 100, 271 Waugh, Arthur, 259 Sorley, Charles, 171, 174 Webb, Beatrice, 44 Spati, Marie, 75±7, 85, 162, 171, 177, 179 Wells, H. G., 4, 29, 34±5, 37, 40±1, 43±5, Spender, Stephen, 251, 261±2 48±53, 59, 62, 69, 71, 74, 83±4, 86, 91, Spurgeon, Caroline, 193 124, 147, 228, 244 Squire, J. C., 42 n, 122±3, 135, 142, 152, 175, Wellesley, Lady Dorothy, 239 190, 205±6, 208±9, 212, 214, 224, 231 West, Rebecca, 207 Stephens, James, 105 Whichelo, Tom, 202, 259 Storer, Edward, 93, 131, 135 White, Ethelbert, 224 Straus, Ralph, 17±18, 39, 42±4, 48±9, 53, Wickham, Anna, 3, 126, 144 n, 153, 69, 85, 92, 197, 212 159±60, 171, 175, 224±5, 233 Swinburne, A. C., 4, 17, 23, 39, 43, 86, 121, Wilde, Oscar, 10, 75, 95, 117 n 197, 260 n, 268 Wilkinson, Arthur, 225, 240 Wilkinson, Cuthbert, 95 Tagore, Rabindranath, 131, 167 Wilkinson, Louis, 10, 16, 18 Tchaikovsky, Vera, 111, 122, 128, 131, 133, Wilson, T. P. Cameron (`Jim'), 142, 149, 159, 168±9, 180, 264 169, 176, 189, 197, 200 Tennyson, Charles, 75 Winzer, Charles, 138, 170, 201, 210, 226 Tessimond, A. S. J., 225 Wolfe, Humbert, 201, 220, 224, 237, 240, Thomas, Edward: friendship with HM, 69, 262 79, 85, 93, 104, 109, 124±5; opinions of Woolf, Virginia, 95, 130, 175, 239 HM's work, 70, 86, 92, 111; Wordsworth, William, 14, 86, 152, 174, contributions to PD, 125±6, 145, 155; 214 war service, 149, 161, 189; HM refuses poems, 157±8, 187; poems read at PB, Yeats, W. B., 1, 5, 93, 95, 101, 111, 116, 193; mentioned, 1, 54, 118, 135, 142, 122±4, 131, 142, 156, 166, 169, 171, 175, 167, 175, 201 202, 208, 262 Thorold, Algar, 83, 123, 159 Yorke, Dorothy, 193, 202