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Appendix a the Monro Family Appendix A The Monro Family Legend traces the origins of the Clan Munro to an eleventh-century prince of Fermanagh. Written records at least as far back as the fourteenth century show the Clan as occupying ancestral lands north of Inverness, at Fowlis (pronounced `Fowls', hence the eagles in the family arms). The chief of the Clan was made a baronet by Charles I. Harold's branch of the Clan, the Monros of Fyrish, one of several cadet families, started in the sixteenth century and later adopted the spelling `Monro'. In 1690 Alexander Monro was dismissed as Principal of Edinburgh University and incumbent of St Giles for his Jacobite sympathies; he was apparently sent to London so that the government could keep an eye on him. Dr James Monro (1680±1752), Alexander's son, became physician in charge of Bethle- hem Hospital for Lunatics, the ancient asylum better known as Bedlam. He was succeeded there by his son, Dr John Monro (1715±91). Both men were criticised for discouraging research and for keeping their knowledge and patients to themselves. John went so far as to say that madness was `a distemper of such a nature, that very little of real use can be said concerning it`. A preference for doing rather than theorising was perhaps a family characteristic, but there were probably good financial reasons for keeping a monopoly. In 1781 John acquired control of Brooke House, a medieval mansion in Hackney which had been converted into a profitable asylum for patients from wealthy families. John was a man of culture, a Shakespeare scholar, a friend of Hogarth and a keen collector of books and prints. His house at 43 Bedford Square, Bloomsbury, one of the newest and grandest squares in London, contained a fine library, rich in seventeenth- century drama, travel books and many texts in French, Italian and Latin. He shared his father's political opinions and is said to have frequented the Pretender's court in Rome. It was presumably John's eminence which made Sir Harry Munro of Fowlis, 7th Bt, entail his estates on the Monros of Fyrish, should his own line ever fail. Had enough Munros and Monros died, Harold might have found himself heir to `the manor-place, tower fortalice of Fowlis' and all its tofts, crofts, . milns, multures, . all and sundry houses, biggings, yards, orchards, mosses, muirs, marshes, outsets, insets, shealings, loanings, grazings, woods, fishings, annexis, connexis, customs, arriages, carriages, secular services, tenants, tenandries, and services of tenants, parts, pendicles, and whole universal pertinents. John was survived by three sons, James, Charles and Thomas, all of whom inherited shares in the profits from Brooke House. The wealth accumulated by James's line was eventually left to Caius College by the last of his descendants, the law don who befriended Harold. James's brother Charles had numerous descendants. One of his grand- sons, Robert Webber Monro, became Chief Clerk to the House of Lords in 1901 (Robert was a typical Monro of Harold's parents' generation: Harrow and Oxford, Lincoln's Inn barrister, cricketer, supporter of London slum charities). John was succeeded at both Bedlam and Brooke House by his third son, Thomas (1759± 1833), whose career coincided with a change in attitudes to madness. For centuries 266 Appendix A 267 Londoners had enjoyed watching the ravings of the Bedlamites, wretched creatures kept in chains amid straw and filth, but the new sensibilities of the Enlightenment (and perhaps the sufferings of George III, whom Thomas attended in 1811±12) made the spectacle intolerable. A handsome classical building was erected in Lambeth (the core of it survives as the Imperial War Museum), and the patients were ferried across London in a fleet of hackney carriages. Even so they had to endure a first winter without glass in many of the windows. Summoned before a Parliamentary committee in 1815, Thomas said his methods had been `handed down to me by my father, and I do not know of any better practice'. It emerged that he attended Bedlam `but seldom', and that at Brooke House there were as many servants as patients ± and no chains. Chains were `fit only for pauper lunatics', Thomas said; gentlemen would not like them. He was forced to resign. But if Thomas was undistinguished as a physician, he remains famous as a patron of artists. His discovery of the young Turner in 1791 is pictured in Arthur Sabin's autobio- graphy: riding his cob down Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, the Doctor saw drawings stuck up in the shop window of Turner the barber. He rapped on the pane with his stick, and enquired about them. `They are by my son,' said Mr Turner, not, I am sure, without pride. `He is just sixteen and works for John Raphael Smith the engraver, colouring mezzotints.' `Send him round to me of an evening,' said the Doctor, `and he can get some practice with several other young artists, and make friends with them.' Varley, De Wint, Linnell and Girtin were among the artists who regularly gathered at 4 Adelphi Terrace. Harold inherited some drawings by Thomas and his circle and sold them to a Bloomsbury dealer in about 1917, presumably to raise money for the Bookshop. The Victoria and Albert Museum had long been looking for products of Thomas's philan- thropy, so some of the collection was acquired for the nation; an exhibition was organised by Sabin, who was on the Museum's staff at the time. The Monro family was annoyed by Harold's carelessness, but they came forward with more drawings and information. Sabin thus met several of Harold's relations, including a cousin, William Foxley Norris, Dean of York and later Westminster. Thomas was replaced at Bedlam by his son, Edward Thomas Monro (1790±1856), whose resignation in 1853 brought the long family rule there to an end. Edward Thomas married a daughter of a Master in Chancery and Treasurer of the Foundling Hospital, and had eleven children. He made a fortune from medico-legal work, but lost much of it through extravagance. Edward Thomas's eldest son, the Rev. Edward Monro, set up a short-lived school for poor boys at Harrow Weald and then took a parish in Leeds, where he became famous for his preaching. His Parochial Lectures on English Poetry and Other Subjects (1856) reveals a love of poetry as passionate as Harold's, and some of his descriptions of boys discussing literature might almost be portraits of Harold and Maurice at Cambridge: Schoolboy days and college days, how they are mixed up with the first, deep consum- ing passion of the love of poetry! . How many a long summer evening among hay- cocks, or sitting in a little room with the window open, with one companion and no candle, and the bat whirling outside, and the yellow glow of sunsat melting off to cool the dewy twilight ± how many such scenes we remember, when we sat and talked of poetry! or the long hot walk with that one friend we meant always to love, and in loving whom we first learnt what love meant when we were both sixteen, and we always have loved him, and always shall! 268 Appendix A Edward Thomas's second son, Dr Henry Monro (1817±1891), Harold's grandfather, was the fifth and last Monro doctor, although the DNB is mistaken in saying he was at Bedlam. His hospital was actually another asylum, St Luke's, but he probably spent most of his time in private practice. He owned a collection of valuable pictures, inherited from Thomas, and was himself a talented portraitist. With Gladstone and others he founded the House of Charity (now the House of St Barnabas), Soho, in 1846; this was originally a hostel for families left homeless on the London streets, people who had sold all they had to emigrate to the colonies only to find that shipwreck or swindle had made their tickets worthless. At the House, as at Radley, where Henry sent his three eldest sons, High Church observance was the rule. Harold probably remembered his grandfather best at Orchardleigh (now the Lake Hotel), Henry's villa at Bonchurch, Isle of Wight. Bonchurch was a favourite resort for cultured Victorians. The largest house belonged to the Swinburne family, and the poet spent much of his boyhood there. Dickens, Thackeray, Carlyle and Macaulay all spent holidays in the village. Among the long-term residents was the educationist Elizabeth Sewell, whose brother was the founder of Radley, a connection which may explain Henry's choice of the school. Henry Monro and his brother Theodore married two daughters of Sir William Russell on 5 April 1842. Sir William, another doctor, had earned his baronetcy for work in a cholera epidemic ten years earlier. Theodore died in April 1843, having fathered one child, Theodore Russell Monro. His widow then married Peter Margary; their only child was Arabel Sophia, Harold's mother. So Sophia had a Monro half-brother and numerous Monro first cousins, one of whom, Edward, became her husband. Henry's eldest son, Russell, married Emily, daughter of Sir George Nugent, 3rd Bt, grandson of a Field Marshal. The present Baronet, Sir Robin, tells me that Sir George's diary records satisfaction at the match but also the expectation that the couple would not be rich. Russell seems to have prospered, however, perhaps because he had a partnership in a Yorkshire brewery. He lived as a country gentleman and lord of the manor at Somerby, where he is still remembered locally as an autocrat. Several other connections are worth noting.
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