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America, Historical, Statistic, and Descriptive. by J.S. Buckingham Library of Congress America, historical, statistic, and descriptive. By J.S. Buckingham ... AMERICA HISTORICAL, STATISTIC, AND DESCRIPTIVE. BY James Silk BUCKINGHAM, ESQ. IN THREE VOLUMES. VOL. III. LC FISHER, SON, & CO. NEWGATE ST. LONDON, RUE ST. HONORÉ, PARIS. 76901 5019–8 22 1841 Copy 2 E165 B92 copy 2 1297 Exchange western Ontario U. 3/11/35 CONTENTS OF VOL. III. CHAP. I. Stay in the city of Buffalo—Sketch of its history—Destruction by the British—Subsequent grant of Congress to repair its losses—Revival and rebuilding—Rapid progress from thence—Statistics of its commerce—Financial report to the state legislature—Prospects of future greatness—Advantageous and agreeable situation of Buffalo—The Welland canal from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario—Description of Buffalo, its buildings and population— Projected public buildings, university and exchange—Environs, rides, villas, prospects, climate—Steam-boats, schooners, brigs, and ships—Source of the great river St. Lawrence—Size, depth, and elevation of the lakes—Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, America, historical, statistic, and descriptive. By J.S. Buckingham ... http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.6750c Library of Congress Erie, Ontario—Public meeting of the Bethel Society of Buffalo—American picture of the maritime population 1 CHAP. II Visit to the settlement of the Seneca Indians—Statistics of this tribe in numbers and lands —Council of the chiefs in the open forest—Description of the tribe and their condition— Visit to the grave of the great chief Red Jacket—Anecdote of Red Jacket and Lafayette— History of the “White-woman,” wife of an Indian chief—Atrocities of the English leading the Indians—Testimony of Cornplanter, a retired Seneca chief—Corroborating narrative of the “White-woman”—Evils produced by the use of intoxicating drinks—Winters at Buffalo— Freezing of the lakes— Church-going, sleighing parties, and religious revivals—Progress of the Catholics in the Western cities—Alarm of the Protestant sects at this— Episcopalian measures of counteraction—Division of New York into two bishoprics—Newspapers of Buffalo, number and character—Discussion on the rise of water in the lakes—Curious theory broached on this subject—Journey from Buffalo to Rochester—Williamsville, Ransom's Grove, Pembroke—Batavia to Rochester by rail-road 24 CHAP. III. First settlement of Rochester—Contest with wild bears—Purchase of Indian land—Death and character of the original founder—Last pagan sacrifice of the Indians—Striking resemblance to the scape-goat of the Jews—First Christian church—Incorporation as a city—Education, Sunday-schools—Temperance societies—Plan of Rochester—Streets and buildings—Staple trade, wheat and flour—Extent of water-power—Genessee, or the Pleasant Valley—Poetical beauty of Indian names—Falls of the Genessee—West and Catlin—Fatal leap from the Falls by an American—Great flood—Carpet manufactory, paper mills, pianos—Edge-tools, iron-works, and machinery—Cabinet-making, cooperage —Impolicy and effect of the British corn-laws—Recent introduction of silk—Soil and productions of the Genessee Valley—Institutions of religion, benevolence, and literature America, historical, statistic, and descriptive. By J.S. Buckingham ... http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.6750c Library of Congress —Comparison with towns of the same size in Britain—Erie Canal—Difficulties attending this work—Prospective views of General Washington—Opinions of Governeur Morris — Ceremony of opening the canal at Rochester—Love of display in public celebrations in America—Extent of inland navigation 46 CHAP. IV. Geological peculiarities of Rochester—Ridge-road, formerly the margin of Lake Ontario —Boulders of primitive rock—Successive order of strata and fossil remains—Singular cavity of pebbles in bituminous shale—Polished rocks of the Falls—Parallel case at the Cataracts of the Nile—Climate of the Western portion of this state—Brightness of American skies—Splendour of autumnal sun-sets—Causes assigned for this, the mirrors of the lakes—Public baths—Mineral springs—Public walks—Cemetery—Hackney- coaches—Mails—Increase of post-office revenue—Negro population—Military parades of militia troops—Comparison with the army of England—Canada thistle and locust-borer— Fettigonia Septendicem—Newspapers—Agricultural Journal 78 CHAP. V. Journey from Rochester to Canandaigua—History of the first settling of this tract— Eloquent speech of an Indian chief—Division of the land into townships—Munificent grant for the support of education—Canandaigua academy—Ontario female seminary—Military lands awarded to soldiers of the revolution—Classical names within this tract—Singular names of Indian chiefs—Northern and southern tribes—Reserved lands and annuities —Remains of ancient Indian forts—Narrative of the “White-woman,” wife of an Indian chief—Diseases among the aborigines—Conduct of the whites to Indians—Climate of Canandaigua—Water-spout on the lake—Democratic convention—Newspapers—Stage- coaches—English and East Indian acquaintances—Sensitiveness of Americans—House and grounds of Mr. Greig—Tablet to Patrick Colquhoun—Removing houses on rollers— Transfer of the court-house— Removal of a Methodist church and steeple 98 America, historical, statistic, and descriptive. By J.S. Buckingham ... http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.6750c Library of Congress CHAP. VI. Journey from Canandaigua to Auburn—First sight of an American country funeral—Visit to the State prison—Condition of the establishment—Act of the legislature respecting prison labour—Statistics of crime, education, and intemperance—Moral and religious reform— Description of the edifice and its cells—Discipline and treatment of the convicts—Visit to the chapel during divine service—Defects of the Auburn system of prison discipline —Opinions of Dr. Lieber of South Carolina—Objections to the Pennsylvania system answered—Opinions of British inspectors on the Auburn system—Superiority of the Philadelphia system—Description of the town of Auburn 128 CHAP. VII. Journey to Syracuse—Male academy and Female seminary—Salt springs at Salina— Water-lime—Rail-road—Locks—Canal—Tunnel under the canal—Depth of vegetable mould—Spontaneous vegetation—Muster of the militia—Their unpopularity—Museum of Syracuse—Scriptural group of Saul, Samuel, and the Witch of Endor—Onondaga Indians 149 CHAP. VIII. Journey from Syracuse to Utica—Beauty of the country—Commencement of the autumnal tints—Fruitfulness of American orchards—Fruit given to feed cattle, instead of making cider—Lectures at Utica—Description of the city—History and progressive increase —Convention of the Whigs—Excursion to Trenton Falls—Stratification of the rocky bed—Fossil remains—Favosite—Description of the Falls—Fatal accidents—Beauty of the scenery—Variety of views—Comparison with Niagara—Journey from Utica to Schenectady—Beauty of the Mohawk valley—Journey from Schenectady to Saratoga 167 CHAP. IX. America, historical, statistic, and descriptive. By J.S. Buckingham ... http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.6750c Library of Congress Visit to Glen's Falls—Caldwell—Voyage up Lake George—Romantic scenery—Beautiful islands—Ruins of Fort Ticonderoga—Passage across Lake Champlain—Shoreham— Burlington steamer—Beautiful model and high order of this vessel—Scenery of Lake Champlain—Eclipse of the sun—Arrival at Burlington—Description of the town—Journey to Montpellier—Romantic scenery of the Green Mountains—Exquisite beauty of the autumnal tints—Montpellier, the capital of Vermont—State-house—History and description of Vermont— Resources and productions—Manufactures and commerce of the State— Increase of the population—Religious institutions—Journey from Montpellier to Danville— Extensive view—Elevation of the mountains—Thick forest—Gorgeousness of the trees— Danville—Village gossips—Inquisitiveness of the New England character—First bed with curtains, slept in, since leaving England 184 CHAP. X. Description of the White Mountains—Names and elevations of the principal peaks— Journey from the Mountain Pass to Conway—Stage-drivers and passengers from Conway to Centre Harbour—Winnipiseogee, or the beautiful Lake—Meredith—River Merrimack —Shaker village—Concord, the capital of New Hampshire—Excessive use of tobacco —Danville to Littleton—Road through the forest—Autumnal foliage—White Mountain House—Entry into the “Notch,” or pass through the mountains—Romantic wildness of the scenery—Accumulation of granite rocks—Lightning and storms—Descent of slides or avalanches from the mountains—Tragical instance—Fate of the Willey family—Concord and its public buildings—Suitors attending the court—Prolixity of legal proceedings— State of New Hampshire—History of the early settlement—Statistics of its population, manufactures, and trade—Institutions for education—Colleges of Dartmouth and Exeter— Religious establishments and sects in New Hampshire—Journey from Concord to Lowell and Boston 205 CHAP XI. America, historical, statistic, and descriptive. By J.S. Buckingham ... http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.6750c Library of Congress Stay at Boston—Delivery of lectures there—Resolutions presented at their close—Mr. George Combe's lectures on phrenology— Mr. Cushing's lecture on the influence of women—Governor Everett's lecture on the voyages of the Northmen—Afternoon lectures, and Madame Caradori's concerts—Public meetings in behalf of the “Sailor's Home”— Institutions visited in Boston—Public characters—Environs—Salem and Marble-head — Military levee 229 CHAP. XII. Influence of institutions on character—Early history of Massachusetts—First charter to the Plymouth
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