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New Species, New Combinations and New Synonymies Towards a Treatment of Acanthaceae for the Manual De Plantas De Costa Rica Lucinda A

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New Species, New Combinations and New Synonymies Towards a Treatment of Acanthaceae for the Manual De Plantas De Costa Rica Lucinda A Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 36 | Issue 1 Article 4 2018 New Species, New Combinations and New Synonymies Towards a Treatment of Acanthaceae for the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica Lucinda A. McDade Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA Barry E. Hammel Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MS Carrie A. Kiel Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation McDade, Lucinda A.; Hammel, Barry E.; and Kiel, Carrie A. (2018) "New Species, New Combinations and New Synonymies Towards a Treatment of Acanthaceae for the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 36: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol36/iss1/4 Aliso, 36(1), pp. 27–45 ISSN: 0065-6275 (print), 2327-2929 (online) NEW SPECIES, NEW COMBINATIONS AND NEW SYNONYMIES TOWARDS A TREATMENT OF ACANTHACEAE FOR THE MANUAL DE PLANTAS DE COSTA RICA Lucinda A. McDade1,BarryE.Hammel2 and Carrie A. Kiel1,3 1Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 2Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) abstract In preparation for the publication of the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, new species, names, combi- nations, and synonymies are provided in six genera of Acanthaceae: Anisacanthus, Chamaeranthemum, Dicliptera, Justicia, Ruellia and Stenostephanus. The new species are A. grace-woodiae, J. altior, J. lithophila and S. chavesii.Anewnameatthespecieslevel,R. leonardiana,isprovidedforR. tubifora var. hirsuta.WithHabracanthus, Hansteinia, Kalbreyeriella and Razisea being subsumed within Steno- stephanus,thenewcombinationsS. blepharorhachis, S. citrinus, S. leiorhachis ( Razisea spicata non S. spicatus), S. strictus, S. ventricosus, S. villosus and S. wilburii are formalized. Seven= new synonymies are presented for species of Chamaeranthemum, Dicliptera, Justicia and Stenostephanus,aswellaslecto- typifcations in the frst and latter two genera. resumen Para facilitar la publicación del Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica se presentan especies nuevas, com- binaciones y sinonomias en seis géneros de Acanthaceae: Anisacanthus, Chamaeranthemum, Dicliptera, Justicia, Ruellia y Stenostephanus. Las especies nuevas son A. grace-woodiae, J. altior, J. lithophila y S. chavesii.Sedaunnombrenuevoaniveldeespecie,R. leonardiana,paraR. tubifora var. hirsuta.Dado la accomodación de Habracanthus, Hansteinia, Kalbreyeriella y Razisea dentro de Stenostephanus, se for- malizan las combinaciones nuevas S. blepharorhachis, S. citrinus, S. leiorhachis ( Razisea spicata non S. spicatus), S. strictus, S. ventricosus, S. villosus y S. wilburii. Siete sinonímias nuevas= se presentan para especies de Chamaeranthemum, Dicliptera, Justicia y Stenostephanus,ademásdelectotipifcacionesenel primer y los últimos dos géneros. Key words: Acanthaceae, Anisacanthus, Chamaeranthemum,CostaRica,Dicliptera, Justicia, Ruellia, Stenostephanus. introduction Anisacanthus Fieldwork that has supported the monumental effort to com- AnewspeciesofAnisacanthus Nees—the frst recorded for pletely document the fora of Costa Rica in the form of the Man- Costa Rica—has been collected from Diriá National Park on the ual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Hammel et al. 2003 ) contin- Nicoya Peninsula, Guanacaste. This area has been the source of ues to reveal new species and new country records+ of Acan- a number of novelties in various families (see Hammel 2012), thaceae. This is true, despite the fact that the country’s fora has including Chileranthemum pyramidatum (Lindau) T.F. Daniel been studied by botanists for more than 150 years, and its Acan- (Acanthaceae), a species previously known only from Mexico thaceae have been treated in three major previous works (i.e., and Guatemala (Daniel 1995). As discussed below, the new Lindau 1898; Leonard 1938; Durkee 1986). Anumberofnew species of Anisacanthus is closely related to the two other Cen- species have been discovered and described since the last coun- tral American species of the genus but is quite distinct from trywide treatment (e.g., Daniel 1993; Gómez-Laurito and Ham- them. mel 1994; Durkee and McDade 1996; McDade and Tripp 2007). Recently, focused effort to complete the Acanthaceae treatment Anisacanthus grace-woodiae Hammel & McDade, sp. nov. for Volume IV of the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica has re- (Fig. 1–2, 8–9).—TYPE: COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: Can- sulted in a number of additional novelties and the need for sev- tón Santa Cruz. Península de Nicoya. Parque Nacional Diriá: eral new combinations and synonymies. Cerro Brujo, por el camino, cerca a las torres, 700–800 m, 19 Mar 2008, B. Hammel & I. Pérez 24533 (holotype: CR; iso- types: MO, RSA). Similar to the other two Central American species of Anisacan- © 2018, The Author(s), CC-BY. This open access article is distributed thus, A. nicaraguensis Durkee and A. tetracaulis Leonard, plants of under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows unrestricted the new species have bright red, apparently 4-merous corollas with use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the orig- the stamens and style held adjacent to the middle lobe of the lower inal author(s) and source are credited. Articles can be downloaded at lip of the corolla at anthesis. However, they differ from both by http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/. the shorter calyx, also from A. nicaraguensis by the slightly shorter 28 McDade, Hammel and Kiel ALISO Fig. 1–7. Pollen of new species of Costa Rican Acanthaceae.—1–2. Anisacanthus grace-woodiae, Hammel & I. Pérez 26080 (RSA).— 3–4. Justicia altior, Santamaría et al. 6952 (MO).—5. Justicia lithophila, Rivera 950 (RSA).—6. Ruellia leonardiana Hammel et al. 19243 (CR).—7. Stenostephanus chavesii, Zamora et al. 9411 (CR). (Fig. 1–7, scale bar 10 µm). = corolla and from A. tetracaulis by the lobes of the lower lip being Flowers one per node (bract opposite each fertile bract sterile), longer and strap shaped (vs. ovate). often secund; pedicel 1–3 mm, pubescent with mixed glandular and eglandular trichomes; calyx 5-lobed, connate basal portion Erect to spreading, densely branched shrubs 0.6–1.2(–2) m ca. 0.5 mm long, the lobes equal, 3.5–4.5 mm long, pubescent tall; young stems quadrangular; cystoliths present. Leaves with with mixed glandular and eglandular trichomes; corolla lack- the petiole 0.5–3 cm long, glabrous or with a few scattered ing a stylar furrow (i.e., rugula), bilabiate, red, pubescent with trichomes, the blade 3–9(–10.5) 1.2–5 cm, basally acute to mixed glandular and eglandular trichomes, tube 13–15 mm short attenuate, apically acute to× acuminate, sparsely puberu- long, upper lip minutely bilobed (the lobes ca. 0.5 mm long), lent on both sides, trichomes mostly on veins. Inforescences of 10–12 1–2 mm, narrowly strap shaped, positioned vertically terminal and axillary racemes, or panicles of racemes (some- ( curved-patent)× above throat of tube, lower lip 17–20 mm times with several per node, especially at distal nodes), pedun- long± (measured from base of upper lip), three-lobed, the lat- culate with peduncle 0.5–3 cm long; bracts 1.5–2 mm long, eral lobes about 10 1mm,positionedlaterally( curved- narrowly triangular, pubescent with mixed glandular and eglan- patent) to throat of corolla,× the middle lobe 13–15 ±1–2 mm, dular trichomes; bracteoles 1–1.2 mm long, narrowly triangu- positioned horizontal to (i.e., continuing distal from)× the tube, lar, pubescent with mixed glandular and eglandular trichomes. folded sheath-like to enclose stamens and style, all lobes strap VOLUME 36(1) Costa Rican Acanthaceae Novelties 29 Fig. 8. Anisacanthus grace-woodiae. Photograph of living plant; insets show fruit and fower; vouchered by Hammel 26080 (CR). 30 McDade, Hammel and Kiel ALISO Fig. 9. Anisacanthus grace-woodiae.Scanoftheholotype,Hammel & Pérez 24533 (CR). VOLUME 36(1) Costa Rican Acanthaceae Novelties 31 shaped; stamens extending 9–12 mm beyond the middle lobe 1–2 mm, all lobes strap shaped; known only from of the lower corolla lip, the anthers bithecate, the thecae equal, Costa Rica . A. grace-woodiae 3–4 mm long, evenly inserted on flament, parallel or sometimes 2′ Calyx 6–9 mm long; corolla with the lower lip ex- sagitate, staminodia 0; pollen perprolate, tricolporate hexapseu- tending 11–14 mm beyond tube, all three lobes 3.5– docolpate, exine reticulate except granular in colpus; style 6.5 2.5–4 mm, ovate; known from Honduras and exserted 0–2 mm beyond anthers, the stigma minutely bilobed. El Salvador× . A. tetracaulis Fruits capsular (with retinacula present, persistent on capsule wall), 1.3–1.5 cm long, clavate, the stipe 0.7–0.8 cm long, seed-bearing portion discoid, 0.8–0.9 0.65–0.75 cm, glabrate; Chamaeranthemum × seeds to 4, about 5 mm in diam., fattened, minutely tuberculate. Chamaeranthemum Nees, a New World genus with only four Known only from Cerro Brujo, Parque Nacional Diriá, Santa species, is very tenuously—if at all—distinct from pantropical Cruz, Guanacaste, plants of this species have been collected in Pseuderanthemum Radlk. ex Lindau. Both genera have corol- fower and fruit during the dry season, January through March las with a narrow tube that expands near the mouth and a sub- and in December. actinomorphic limb, two bithecate stamens and two staminodia (very rarely in Costa Rican Chamaeranthemum,oneorboth Additional specimens examined.—COSTA RICA. Gua- of the “staminodia” have been found fertile with the anther nacaste: Cantón Santa Cruz. Península de Nicoya. Parque monothecate). Neither genus has been revised and the results Nacional Diriá: Cerro Brujo, por el camino, cerca a las torres, of McDade et al. (2000; in progress) indicate that these genera 700–800 m, 4 Jan 2002, G. & D. M. Wood 2038 (CR); 2 Jan are part of a clade referred to by these authors as the “Pseuder- 2003, G. & D. M. Wood 3018 (CR); material cultivated from anthemum lineage,” a group that remains poorly known and re- wild-collected cuttings of the type collection, established in quires additional phylogenetic and nomenclatural study.
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