Welding and Inspection IV-6 4
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Elegancy D5.2.5
ACT Project Number: 271498 Project name: ELEGANCY Project full title: Enabling a Low-Carbon Economy via Hydrogen and CCS ERA-Net ACT project Starting date: 2017-08-31 Duration: 36 months D5.2.5 Evaluation of the potential for hydrogen and CCS in the decarbonization of the Dutch steel industry Date: 2020-08-31 Organization name of lead participant for this deliverable: Utrecht University ACT ELEGANCY, Project No 271498, has received funding from DETEC (CH), BMWi (DE), RVO (NL), Gassnova (NO), BEIS (UK), Gassco, Equinor and Total, and is cofunded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 programme, ACT Grant Agreement No 691712. Dissemination Level PU Public x CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Page iii Deliverable number: D5.2.5 Deliverable title: Evaluation of the potential for hydrogen and CCS in the decarbonization of the Dutch steel industry Work package: WP5 Case Studies Lead participant: UU Authors Name Organisation E-mail Lukas Weimann* UU [email protected] Matteo Gazzani UU [email protected] Gert Jan Kramer UU Joep Matser UU Annika Boldrini UU *Mark lead author with asterisk Keywords Integrated steelworks, decarbonization of steel industry, process optimization, Hisarna, electric- arc furnace, carbon capture and storage, hydrogen. Abstract The iron and steel industry accounts for 5 % of worldwide CO2 emissions. With 13 MtCO2eq annually, TATA Steel, which employs the traditional blast furnace – basic oxygen furnace steel making route, is one of the largest single point emitters in the Netherlands (and EU). Given the role of steel in present and future society, decarbonizing the steel industry is of paramount importance for a CO2 net-zero society. -
Parshwamani Metals
+91-8048554624 Parshwamani Metals https://www.indiamart.com/parshwamanimetals/ Parshwamani Metals is one of the leading manufacturers, supplier and traders of Industrial Metal Tube, Beryllium Product, Shim Sheet, SS Round And Square Bar, Aluminium Products, Aluminum Bronze Products etc. About Us Parshwamani Metals was established in the year 2015 as a professionally managed Manufacturer, Trader and Wholesaler specialized in providing premium grade Copper and Brass Metals Products. Today, we endeavor to revolutionize the industry by fabricating a wide gamut of quality products, which includes Brass Products, Copper Products and Copper Alloy. Our claim to success is hallmarked by the offered quality products that gained us huge recognizance for its high strength, wear and tear resistance, accurate dimensions, flexibility and durable finish. Our products find their wide applications in architectural fittings, hardware and telecommunication. Owing to swift delivery schedules, easy payment modes and overt business practices, we have been successful in earning huge client base. We deal in Jindal Brand. Our efforts are determined with the objective of industrial leadership that equips our team members to manufacture customized products. And, to achieve this, we have developed modernized R&D centers and cutting edge manufacturing facilities. Furthermore, the facility is divided into various functional units like procurement, engineering, production, research & development, quality-testing, warehousing & packaging etc. Our organization is backed -
Planning for Seafood Freezing
TTTTTTTTTTT Planning for Seafood Freezing Edward KOLBE Donald KRAMER MAB-60 2007 Alaska Sea Grant College Program University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5040 (888) 789-0090 Fax (907) 474-6285 www.alaskaseagrant.org TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT Elmer E. Rasmuson Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Kolbe, Edward. Planning for seafood freezing ⁄ Edward Kolbe and Donald Kramer. – Fairbanks, Alaska : Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2007 126 p. : 51 ill. ; cm. (Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks ; MAB-60) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Frozen seafood—Preservation—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Seafood— Preservation—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Cold storage—Planning—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Fishery management—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 5. Refrigeration and refrigeration machinery—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 6. Frozen fishery products—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title. II. Kramer, Donald E. III. Series: Alaska Sea Grant College Program ; MAB-60. SH336.F7 K65 2007 ISBN 1-56612-119-1 Credits The work for this book was funded in part by the NOAA Office of Sea Grant, U.S. Department of Commerce, under grants NA76RG0476 (OSU), NA86RG0050 (UAF), and NA76RG0119 (UW); projects A/ESG-3 (OSU), A/151-01 (UAF), and A/FP-7 (UW), and by appropriations made by the Oregon, Alaska, and Washington state legislatures. Publishing is supported by grant NA06OAR4170013, project A/161-01. Sea Grant is a unique partnership with public and private sectors, combining research, education, and technology transfer for public service. This national network of universities meets the changing environmental and economic needs of people in our coastal, ocean, and Great Lakes regions. -
Steel Pickling: a Profile
December 1993 Steel Pickling: A Profile Draft Report Prepared for John Robson U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Cost and Economic Impact Section Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 EPA Contract Number 68-D1-0143 RTI Project Number 35U-5681-58 DR EPA Contract Number RTI Project Number 68-D1-0143 35U-5681-58 DR Steel Pickling: A Profile Draft Report December 1993 Prepared for John Robson U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Cost and Economic Impact Section Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Prepared by Tyler J. Fox Craig D. Randall David H. Gross Center for Economics Research Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1 Introduction .................. 1-1 2 The Supply Side of the Industry ......... 2-1 2.1 Steel Production .............. 2-1 2.2 Steel Pickling .............. 2-3 2.2.1 Hydrochloric Acid Pickling ..... 2-5 2.2.1.1 Continuous Pickling .... 2-8 2.2.1.1.1 Coils ...... 2-8 2.2.1.1.2 Tube, Rod, and Wire ...... 2-9 2.2.1.2 Push-Pull Pickling ..... 2-10 2.2.1.3 Batch Pickling ....... 2-11 2.2.1.4 Emissions from Steel Pickling 2-11 2.2.2 Acid Regeneration of Waste Pickle Liquor .............. 2-12 2.2.2.1 Spray Roaster Regeneration Process .......... 2-13 2.3 Types of Steel .............. 2-14 2.3.1 Carbon Steels ............ 2-15 2.3.2 Alloy Steels ............ 2-15 2.3.3 Stainless Steels .......... 2-15 2.4 Costs of Production ........... -
Ferrous Friction Stir Weld Physical Simulation A
FERROUS FRICTION STIR WELD PHYSICAL SIMULATION A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Seth Jason Norton, M.S. ******** The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John Lippold, Adviser Dr. David Dickinson Adviser Dr. Charles Albright Welding Engineering Graduate Program ii ABSTRACT Traditional fusion welding processes have several drawbacks associated with the melting and solidification of metal. Weld defects associated with the solidification of molten metal may act as initiation sites for cracks. Segregation of alloying elements during solidification may cause local changes in resistance to corrosion. The high amount of heat required to produce the molten metal in the weld can produce distortion from the intended position on cooling. The heat from the electric arc commonly used to melt metal in fusion welds may also produce metal fumes which are a potential health hazard. Friction stir welding is one application which has the potential to make full thickness welds in a single pass, while eliminating fume, reducing distortion, and eliminating solidification defects. Currently the friction stir welding process is used in the aerospace industry on aluminum alloys. Interest in the process by industries which rely on iron and its alloys for structural material is increasing. While friction stir welding has been shown to be feasible with iron alloys, the understanding of friction stir welding process effects on these materials is in its infancy. This project was aimed to better that understanding by developing a procedure for physical simulation of friction stir welding. -
Specifications of 2 Kelvin J-T Heat Exchanger
Specification of Brazed aluminium plate fin heat exchanger A. Scope of Supply (Qty-1 No.) Fabrication and supply of brazed aluminium plate fin heat exchanger as per parameters described in Table-1. B. Bidder Qualification Criteria 1. Original Manufacturer must have enough experience and knowledge of complete manufacturing cycle of brazed plate fin heat exchanger. He must have experience in supplying brazed plate fin heat exchanger. The supplier shall submit/upload supporting documents (scan copy of purchase order) for the same along with bid. 2. If the bidder is not the original manufacturer then he must submit the details of original manufacturer/fabricator. And quotation will be accepted only when the original manufacturer/fabricator qualify the above mentioned criteria. C. Design Details and Requirements 1. The manufacturer will prepare all the fabrication drawings according to the details mentioned in Table 1, with necessary flow distributor,headers and nozzles for passage of low pressure and high pressure stream. It is manufacturer’s responsibility to prepare final fabrication drawings of complete unit with all necessary details and get written approval from purchaser before commencing the fabrication. 2. The heat exchanger shall be made as per the standard tolerances given in ALPEMA code for the external dimensions of brazed Aluminium plate-fin heat exchangers. Table 1. Details of various parameters of plate fin heat exchanger Parameters Details Working Fluid (hot and cold side) Helium Heat Exchanger core Material ASTM 3003 Aluminium alloy Headers and Nozzle Material ASTM 5083/5454 Aluminium alloy Mass flow rate 6 g/s Operating pressure 6 bara maximum for hot side 16 mbara for cold side Fin type Offset Serrated Fin Fin density 14 fins/inch (551 fins/m) +0.2mm Fin height for hot side 3.8mm−0mm Fin height for cold side +0.2mm 6.5mm−0mm Fin Flow length Minimum 3mm and Maximum 5 mm Fin Thickness 0.2 mm Parting sheet thickness 0.8 mm Side bar thickness 8 mm No. -
Machining of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys / 763
ASM Handbook, Volume 16: Machining Copyright © 1989 ASM International® ASM Handbook Committee, p 761-804 All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1361/asmhba0002184 www.asminternational.org MachJning of Aluminum and AlumJnum Alloys ALUMINUM ALLOYS can be ma- -r.. _ . lul Tools with small rake angles can normally chined rapidly and economically. Because be used with little danger of burring the part ," ,' ,,'7.,','_ ' , '~: £,~ " ~ ! f / "' " of their complex metallurgical structure, or of developing buildup on the cutting their machining characteristics are superior ,, A edges of tools. Alloys having silicon as the to those of pure aluminum. major alloying element require tools with The microconstituents present in alumi- larger rake angles, and they are more eco- num alloys have important effects on ma- nomically machined at lower speeds and chining characteristics. Nonabrasive con- feeds. stituents have a beneficial effect, and ,o IIR Wrought Alloys. Most wrought alumi- insoluble abrasive constituents exert a det- num alloys have excellent machining char- rimental effect on tool life and surface qual- acteristics; several are well suited to multi- ity. Constituents that are insoluble but soft B pie-operation machining. A thorough and nonabrasive are beneficial because they e,,{' , understanding of tool designs and machin- assist in chip breakage; such constituents s,~ ,.t ing practices is essential for full utilization are purposely added in formulating high- of the free-machining qualities of aluminum strength free-cutting alloys for processing in alloys. high-speed automatic bar and chucking ma- Strain-hardenable alloys (including chines. " ~ ~p /"~ commercially pure aluminum) contain no In general, the softer ailoys~and, to a alloying elements that would render them lesser extent, some of the harder al- c • o c hardenable by solution heat treatment and ,p loys--are likely to form a built-up edge on precipitation, but they can be strengthened the cutting lip of the tool. -
Aluminium Alloys Chemical Composition Pdf
Aluminium alloys chemical composition pdf Continue Alloy in which aluminum is the predominant lye frame of aluminum welded aluminium alloy, manufactured in 1990. Aluminum alloys (or aluminium alloys; see spelling differences) are alloys in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. Typical alloy elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin and zinc. There are two main classifications, namely casting alloys and forged alloys, both further subdivided into heat-treatable and heat-free categories. Approximately 85% of aluminium is used for forged products, e.g. laminated plates, foils and extrusions. Aluminum cast alloys produce cost-effective products due to their low melting point, although they generally have lower tensile strength than forged alloys. The most important cast aluminium alloy system is Al–Si, where high silicon levels (4.0–13%) contributes to giving good casting features. Aluminum alloys are widely used in engineering structures and components where a low weight or corrosion resistance is required. [1] Alloys composed mostly of aluminium have been very important in aerospace production since the introduction of metal leather aircraft. Aluminum-magnesium alloys are both lighter than other aluminium alloys and much less flammable than other alloys containing a very high percentage of magnesium. [2] Aluminum alloy surfaces will develop a white layer, protective of aluminum oxide, if not protected by proper anodization and/or dyeing procedures. In a wet environment, galvanic corrosion can occur when an aluminum alloy is placed in electrical contact with other metals with a more positive corrosion potential than aluminum, and an electrolyte is present that allows the exchange of ions. -
Vacuum Technology Book Volume II
The Vacuum Technology Book Volume II Know how book Part 2 Know how book Page 2 / Part 2 www.pfeiffer-vacuum.com 2 Vacuum Technology and Know how / Contents Contents Vacuum Technology and Know how 1 Introduction to vacuum technology 1.1 General 9 1.1.1 Vacuum – Definition .................................................9 1.1.2 Overview of vacuum .................................................9 1.2 Fundamentals 9 1.2.1 Definition of vacuum .................................................9 1.2.2 General gas equation ................................................11 1.2.3 Molecular number density ............................................12 1.2.4 Thermal velocity ....................................................12 1.2.5 Mean free path .....................................................12 1.2.6 Types of flow ......................................................14 1.2.7 pV throughput .....................................................15 1.2.8 Conductance ......................................................16 1.3 Influences in real vacuum systems 18 1.3.1 Contamination .....................................................18 1.3.2 Condensation and vaporization ........................................18 1.3.3 Desorption, diffusion, permeation and leaks ..............................19 1.3.4 Bake-out ..........................................................20 1.3.5 Residual gas composition ............................................20 1.3.6 Venting ...........................................................20 2 Basic calculations -
Low Carbon Alternative Technologies – Global Perspective IEA Latin American Expert Dialogue 22Nd August 2018 São Paulo, Brazil Disclaimer
Low carbon alternative technologies – global perspective IEA Latin American Expert Dialogue 22nd August 2018 São Paulo, Brazil Disclaimer This document is protected by copyright. Distribution to third parties or reproduction in any format is not permitted without written permission from worldsteel. worldsteel operates under the strictest antitrust guidelines. Visit worldsteel.org\About us for detailed antitrust guidelines. 2 Presentation outline . Background . Ongoing activities outside of Latin America . Barriers to implementation . Observations 3 Background . The steel industry is energy and material intensive and the management of its energy efficiency and efforts to increase the use of scrap have always been a focus. The sector has thereby achieved significant reductions in energy intensity over the last decades . However, the steel industry understood early that breakthrough technologies would be needed to achieve additional and drastic reductions. The development of breakthrough technologies requires a considerable amount of time before possible commercial deployment . The identification of promising technologies and their development began in the early 2000s but slowed down significantly after the economic crisis . Though a few programmes have been cancelled due to a lack of funding others have come in their place and a large number of options are being explored in parallel. 4 Carbon “CCS” I&S HISARNA CCS Hydrogen Electricity 5 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) . BHP Billiton and Peking University study ongoing into the potential of carbon capture, use and storage (CCUS) for steel production in China. CCS looked in in other areas eg. ULCOS-TGR BF . China Steel Corp . Posco . COURSE50 and others . Cost, storage and infrastructure remain an issue for steelmakers 6 HIsarna Top gas . -
Plate MTD® and Tool Steels: for Mold, Tool and Die Applications
ArcelorMittal USA Plate MTD® and Tool Steels: for Mold, Tool and Die Applications Introduction ArcelorMittal USA MTD® Steels ArcelorMittal USA Tool Steels ArcelorMittal USA MTD steels com- ArcelorMittal USA produces the tool steels A2, A8 Mod., O1, S5, and prise a family of five pre-hardened S7** for use in applications where an air-hardening, oil-hardening alloy plate steels developed for a or shock-resisting tool steel is required. These steels are available variety of mold, tool and die ap- from ArcelorMittal USA in full-sized, annealed plates suitable for plications. These steels have been saw cutting and/or finishing. Parts can subsequently be machined available for over 20 years and pos- and heat treated to a range of hardness requirements. For improved sess the flexibility of the AISI 41XX internal cleanliness, all ArcelorMittal USA tool steels are produced steels. They are available in the with maximum sulfur levels of 0.010%, using Fineline® processing. 262-321 Brinell range* (unless otherwise noted) for optimum bal- These steels are also available as ArcelorMittal USA Finishline™, a ance between machinability and hardness. The use of pre-hardened prefinished plate product with decarb-free top and bottom surfaces MTD® steels eliminates the need for and risk associated with heat ground to a maximum 125 RMS. treating molds, holder blocks and other parts after machining. MTD * Brinell hardness (HB) readings are taken from standard test locations on the plate plates are routinely saw cut. surface after the decarburization layer is removed. This range of HB converts to 27-34 Rockwell “C”. ArcelorMittal USA uses HB measurement as its official test. -
Investigation on Boronizing of N80 Tube Steel
ISIJ International, Vol. 49 (2009), No. 11, pp. 1776–1783 Investigation on Boronizing of N80 Tube Steel Z. G. SU,1) X. TIAN,1) J. AN,1) Y. LU,1) Y. L. YANG2) and S. J. SUN2) 1) Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanling Campus of Jilin University, Changchun 130025, Peoples’ Republic of China. E-mail: [email protected] 2) Songyuan Daduo Oilfield Accessory Industry Co. Ltd., Songyuan, 138000, Peoples’ Republic of China. (Received on May 26, 2009; accepted on July 21, 2009) In present paper, boronizing was applied to N80 steel tube by pack boronizing, and its effect on mechani- cal properties, wear and corrosion of N80 tube steel was investigated. A dual-phase boride layer composed of FeB and F2B phases was formed on the surface of the steel substrate in a hardness range of 1 220–1 340 HV. A set-up was designed to reduce usage of the boriding agent and accelerate the pipe’s cooling process after boronizing treatment. In order to meet the tensile properties of N80 steel required by API SPEC 5L, different cooling methods were employed including annealing, normalizing, fan-cooling and graphite-bar assisted rapid cooling. Among these methods, graphite-bar assisted rapid cooling resulted in the highest amount of pearlite in the steel substrate and the highest mechanical properties, satisfying the mechanical properties of API SPEC 5L. The boronized N80 steel exhibited an abrasive wear mechanism and showed a higher wear resistance under a given sliding condition due to the great hardness and integrity of the boride layer, and it also displayed an excellent corrosion resistance in both H2SO4 and HCl acid environ- ments.