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Equine Pharmacology

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Equine Pharmacology Equine Pharmacology Equine Pharmacology EDITORS Cynthia Cole DVM, PhD, DACVCP Director of Research & Development, Mars Veterinary, Portland, Oregon, USA Bradford Bentz VMD, MS, DACVIM, DACVECC, DABVP (equine) Equine Medicine and Surgery, Bossier City, Louisiana, USA Lara Maxwell DVM, PhD, DACVCP Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA This edition first published 2015 © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Editorial Offices 1606 Golden Aspen Drive, Suites 103 and 104, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been arranged. The fee codes for users of the Transactional Reporting Service are ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-2262-4/2015. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by health science practitioners for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data applied for. Hardback ISBN: 9780813822624 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Set in 8.5/12pt Meridien by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2015 Contents Contributors, vi Section 2: Therapeutics: A Systems Approach Preface, viii 10 Clinical pharmacology of the respiratory system, 139 Melissa R. Mazan and Michelle L. Ceresia Section 1: General Review Section 11 Clinical application of gastrointestinal 1 Horse of a different color: Peculiarities of equine therapeutics, 183 pharmacology, 3 L. Chris Sanchez Lara Maxwell 12 Treatment of equine nervous system 2 Basics of antimicrobial therapy for the horse, 16 disorders, 192 Cynthia Cole Cynthia Cole and Bradford Bentz 3 Anesthesia and sedation in the field, 44 13 Clinical pharmacology of the equine Jennifer E. Carter musculoskeletal system, 218 4 Clinical application of equine analgesics, 63 Bradford Bentz Sheilah A. Robertson and L. Chris Sanchez 14 Therapy of the eye, 254 5 Pharmacology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory Amber Labelle drugs, 76 15 Pharmacological treatment of equine endocrine Cynthia Cole diseases, 270 6 Parasiticides for use in horses, 85 Dianne McFarlane Tad Coles and Randy Lynn 16 Equine cardiovascular clinical pharmacology, 279 7 Foals are not just mini horses, 99 Meg Sleeper K. Gary Magdesian 17 Clinical pharmacology of diseases of the equine 8 Fluids and electrolytes for the equine clinician, 118 urinary system, 291 Brett Tennent-Brown Nora Nogradi and Balazs Toth 9 Drug and medication control programs in equine athletes, 131 Index, 308 Scot Waterman and Jennifer Durenburger v Contributors Bradford Bentz, VMD, MS, DACVIM, DACVECC, Dianne McFarlane, DVM, PhD, DABVP (equine) DACVIM, ABVP Equine Medicine and Surgery Associate Professor/Ricks-Rapp Professor Bossier City, LA, USA Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK, USA Jennifer E. Carter, DVM, MANZCVS, DACVAA, CVPP Lecturer in Veterinary Anaesthesia Lara Maxwell, DVM, PhD, DACVCP Faculty of Veterinary Science Associate Professor University of Melbourne Oklahoma State University Werribee, Australia Stillwater, OK, USA Michelle L. Ceresia, PharmD Melissa R. Mazan, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM Associate Professor Associate Professor MCPHS University Department of Clinical Sciences Boston, MA, USA Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University Cynthia Cole, DVM, PhD, DACVCP North Grafton, MA, USA Director of Research & Development Mars Veterinary Portland, OR, USA Nora Nogradi, DVM, DACVIM Equine Internal Medicine Specialist Dubai Equine Hospital Tad Coles, DVM Dubai, United Arab Emirates Kansas City, MO, USA Jennifer Durenburger, DVM, JD Sheilah A. Robertson, BVMS (Hons), PhD, DECVAA, Director of Racing DACVAA, Dip ECAWBM (WSEL) Massachusetts Gaming Commission Specialist in Welfare Science, Ethics and Law, DACAW, Boston, MA, USA MRCVS Professor Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Amber Labelle, DVM, MS, DACVO University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Assistant Professor Gainesville, FL, USA Comparative Ophthalmology Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign L. Chris Sanchez, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Urbana, IL, USA Associate Professor Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Randy Lynn, DVM, MS, DACVCP University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Greensboro, NC, USA Gainesville, FL, USA K. Gary Magdesian, DVM, DACVIM, ACVCP, ACVECC Meg Sleeper, VMD, DACVIM Henry Endowed Chair in Emergency Medicine (Cardiology) and Critical Care Associate Professor of Cardiology/Clinician Educator School of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine University of California University of Pennsylvania Davis, CA, USA Philadelphia, PA, USA vi Contributors vii Brett Tennent-Brown, BVSc, MS, DACVIM, DACVECC Scot Waterman, DVM The University of Melbourne Animal Welfare and Medical Advisor Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia Arizona Department of Racing Tucson, AZ, USA Balazs Toth, DVM, MS, MSc, DACVIM Section Head Equine Internal Medicine Equine Department and Clinic Szent István University Dora-Major, Hungary Preface The objective of this book is to provide practitioners broad range of clinical pharmacology topics that com- and veterinary students with a concise and practical monly confront the equine practitioner, including guide to equine clinical pharmacology. Although some antimicrobials, anesthesia, analgesics, nonsteroidal anti- equine pharmacology texts choose to emphasize inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and anti-parasiticides. A complete in-depth reviews of the scientific literature, separate chapter on the clinical pharmacology of foals this approach does not necessarily help the practitioner was included to stress how their unique physiology has choose the best therapeutic approach for a specific ramifications in the use of therapeutics in neonates. clinical situation. In contrast, whereas formulary texts Although fluids and electrolytes are not uniformly con- are extremely popular for their ease of use and sim- sidered to be within the realm of clinical pharmacology, plicity, there is much more to the successful use of we included a chapter on this topic because fluids and therapeutic medications in horses than simply choosing electrolyte balance are critical components of many a dose and dosing frequency. Therefore, we sought therapeutic plans for critically ill horses. Finally, a authors for this book who are both experts in the specific discussion of drug and medication control programs was topic of interest and also had experience or interest in included because most equine athletes compete under clinical pharmacology. Because we wanted the text to such regulations, so it is important for practitioners be very practical with a clinical approach, we sought to know where they can get accurate, up-to-date individuals who deal with medication issues on a reg- information on those rules. Section 2 takes a systems ular basis, either in their patients in the clinics, in the approach to clinical pharmacology. Often pharmacology course of their research,
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