DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecosystem Dynamics in Central Appalachian Riparian Forests Affected by Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecosystem Dynamics in Central Appalachian Riparian Forests Affected by Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Ecosystem dynamics in Central Appalachian riparian forests affected by hemlock woolly adelgid DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Katherine Lee Martin Graduate Program in Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Dr. P. Charles Goebel, Advisor Dr. John Cardina Dr. Peter S. Curtis Dr. Ronald L. Hendrick Copyrighted by Katherine Lee Martin 2012 Abstract In an era of rapid ecological change due to loss of biodiversity, climate change, and altered nutrient dynamics, predicting ecosystem dynamics and maintaining ecosystem services provided by complex natural ecosystems is an increasing concern. Novel disturbances, including those caused by invasive insects, provide an unfortunate opportunity to test the applicability of ecological theories to practical problems. One such case study is the loss of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis, hemlock) from much of eastern North America due to the invasive pest hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae; HWA). Foundation species such as hemlock are abundant and define the ecosystem processes of a community through a small number of strong interactions. As these interactions are lost, ecosystems are predicted to transition rapidly and develop distinctly different energy exchanges, nutrient cycles, and compositions that define a new community state. Much of the understanding of such transitions is conceptual. To advance the understanding of the function of foundation species and transitions to alternate community states when a foundation species is lost, my dissertation examines vegetation community composition and ecosystem function in 38 hemlock-dominated riparian forests across the central Appalachians. On the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau in Ohio, uninvaded forests provide baseline data on hemlock as a foundation species. iii Across West Virginia and Virginia, sites impacted by HWA for 9-32 years were selected as a chronosequence to compare changes in compostion and function. Hemlock forests exhibit low species richness, and thus have low resiliency. In uninvaded forests of Ohio, hemlock dominates the vegetation, although other species are structured by environmental gradients. Structural equation modeling indicates hemlock has a negative influence on vegetation species richness, light availability and productivity. Thus, a likely future HWA arrival will result in a complete reorganization of these ecosystems, but impacts will differ across environmental gradients. Data from sites impacted by HWA 9-32 years in West Virginia and Virginia indicate all hemlock forests will likely be impacted. Although mortality is initially slowed at higher elevations and on steeper slopes with northerly aspects, eventually, the duration of HWA invasion is the most important driver of mortality and ecosystem change. As decline progress, hemlock remains dominant in sites impacted for decades, although compositions are shifting and diverging across overstory hemlock decline classes. Some species, including the native evergreen shrub rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) and other evergreen species including red spruce (Picea rubens), may be particularly influential during community reorganization. Environmental gradients, including elevation and soil characteristics, are also important ecologial drivers. Among overstory hemlock decline categories, resource availability and nutrient cycling are accelerating, but this varies with environmental context. This research supports broad patterns in compositional and functional shifts found in other regions, but also highlights the complexity of the loss of hemlock as a foundation iv species. As a model system, hemlock provides and example where resilience and atlternate state theories apply, but require some expansion for complex systems dominated by long-lived species. This indicates restoration and management will be more efficient when adapted based on the environmental context and component species. v For everyone that supported me on this journey, for the resilience of the Appalachians, and for eastern hemlock. vi Acknowledgments This dissertation research was supported by funding from an Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) SEEDS graduate grant as well as The Charles E. Thorne Memorial Associateship, the OARDC Director’s Associateship, the College of Food, Agriculture & Environmental Science Fellowship, and National Science Foundation GK-12 Graduate Fellowship (Grant 0638669). Data collection assistance was provided by Tom Macy, Lara Kobelt, Cody Clifton, Stephen Rist, and Jack Martin. In particular, Tom, Lara, and Jack maintained positive attitudes during unexpected Appalachian surprises. Advice and assistance with research permits was provided by John Perez, Dr. Thomas Schuler, Randy Beinlich, Merrick Smith, Wanda San Jule, Kent Karriker, Terry Slater, Edward Haverlack, Stephen Tanguay, David Glass and Sam Cowell. Research permits were provided by the United States Department of the Interior National Park Service (Gauley River National Recreation Area and New River Gorge National River), the United States Department of Agriculture National Forest Service (Monongahela National Forest, Fernow Experimental Forest, Washington and Jefferson National Forest), the West Virginia Department of Natural Resources (Carnifex Ferry State Battleground Park), and the Nature Conservancy Virginia Chapter (Warm Springs Preserve). I am very grateful to the consistent support and encouragement of my advisor, Dr. Charles Goebel who helped me develop and design all phases of this project and vii supported my development as an independent scientist. Drafts of my dissertation were improved by the generous consideration and helpful suggestions of my committee members, Drs. John Cardina, Peter Curtis, and Ron Hendrick. In the School of Environment & Natural Resources, Mary Cappocia, Amy Schmidt, Pat Patterson, Anthony Utz, and Bev Winner were wonderfully helpful. Rocky & Belynda Smiley were great personal and professional supporters and friends, particularly with MWGL-SER. This journey was supported by my dear family and friends, particularly my parents Jackie and Bunn Martin, and numerous wonderful people including, but not limited to: Julia Barton, Ray Ball, Sarah Becker, Sabrina Grossman, Jessica Fouke, Krista Jacobsen, Laura Kearns, Kay Kirkman, Jessica Rutledge, Shannan Reichenberg, and Rachel Schultz. viii Vita June 1997 .......................................................Hayfield Secondary School May 2001 .......................................................B.S. Biology, minor Computer Science, College of William & Mary December 2006 ..............................................M.S. Ecology, University of Georgia June 2007 to present ......................................Graduate Fellow, School of Environment & Natural Resources, The Ohio State University Publications Martin, K.L., D.M. Hix , and P.C. Goebel. 2011. Coupling of vegetation layers and environmental influences in a mature, second growth Central Hardwood forest ecosystem. Forest Ecology and Management 261: 720-729. Martin, K.L. and P.C. Goebel. 2011. Preparing for hemlock woolly adelgid in Ohio: communities associated with hemlock-dominated ravines of Ohio’s Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau. Proceedings, 17th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2010 April 5-7; Lexington, KY. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report. Refereed paper. Martin, K.L. and P.C. Goebel. 2010. Impacts of hemlock decline on successional pathways and ecosystem function at multiple spatial scales in forests of the central ix Appalachians, USA. Pp. 147-152, In: J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro and M.A. Pinto (Editors), Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology International Conference, Sept. 21-27. Bragança, Portugal. Non-referred paper. Martin, K.L. and L.K. Kirkman. 2009. Management of ecological thresholds to re- establish disturbance-maintained herbaceous wetlands of the Southeastern USA. Journal of Applied Ecology 46: 906-914. Fields of Study Major Field: Environment and Natural Resources x Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgments............................................................................................................. vii Vita ..................................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables ................................................................................................................... xiv List of Figures .................................................................................................................. xvi Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Resilience, alternate states, and biodiversity of eastern forests during rapid environmental change ....................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 14 2.3 Resilience and alternate states ................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ohio State Parks
    Ohio State Parks Enter Search Term: http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/parks/default.htm [6/24/2002 11:24:54 AM] Park Directory Enter Search Term: or click on a park on the map below http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/parks/parks/ [6/24/2002 11:26:28 AM] Caesar Creek Enter Search Term: Caesar Creek State Park 8570 East S.R. 73 Waynesville, OH 45068-9719 (513) 897-3055 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- Caesar Creek Lake Map It! (National Atlas) Park Map Campground Map Activity Facilities Quantity Fees Resource Land, acres 7940 Caesar Creek State Park is highlighted by clear blue waters, Water, acres 2830 scattered woodlands, meadows and steep ravines. The park Nearby Wildlife Area, acres 1500 offers some of the finest outdoor recreation in southwest Day-Use Activities Fishing yes Ohio including boating, hiking, camping and fishing. Hunting yes Hiking Trails, miles 43 Bridle Trails, miles 31 Nature of the Area Backpack Trails, miles 14 Mountain Bike Trail, miles 8.5 Picnicking yes The park area sits astride the crest of the Cincinnati Arch, a Picnic Shelters, # 6 convex tilting of bedrock layers caused by an ancient Swimming Beach, feet 1300 Beach Concession yes upheaval. Younger rocks lie both east and west of this crest Nature Center yes where some of the oldest rocks in Ohio are exposed. The Summer Nature Programs yes sedimentary limestones and shales tell of a sea hundreds of Programs, year-round yes millions of years in our past which once covered the state. Boating Boating Limits UNL Seasonal Dock Rental, # 64 The park's excellent fossil finds give testimony to the life of Launch Ramps, # 5 this long vanished body of water.
    [Show full text]
  • Section 4.2.2.2
    4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS 4.1 GEOLOGY 4.1.1 Existing Resources 4.1.1.1 Geologic Setting The proposed LX Project is located entirely in the Kanawha Section of the Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province. The Appalachian Plateaus consist primarily of Pennsylvanian and Permian layered deposits, with Quaternary Alluvium overlying most geologic formations (USGS, 2015a). Elevations along the project range from 455 feet to 1,500 feet above mean sea level (USGS, 2015b). Topography in the project area ranges from relatively flat-lying rocks and rolling hills to steep slopes, with a local relief of up to several hundred feet (West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey [WVGES], 2004a; Greene County Government, 2013; ODNR, 2014a). The proposed RXE Project Grayson CS is located in the region known as the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field (Kentucky Geological Survey [KGS], 2012a), in an area of Quaternary alluvium composed of sand, silt, clay, and gravel created by floodplain deposits of present day streams. The thickness of the alluvium ranges from 0 to 60 feet (Whittington and Ferm, 1967). The proposed RXE Project Means CS is located within the Lexington Plains Section of the Interior Low Plateaus physiographic province (USGS, 2015a), in a region known as The Knobs, that consists of hundreds of isolated, steep-sloping, cone-shaped hills (KGS, 2012b). The nearest knob, Kashs Knob, is approximately one-quarter mile north of the proposed compressor station site (USGS, 1975). The USDA Soil Conservation Survey (SCS) County soil survey information indicates there are restrictive layers (potentially shallow bedrock) within the upper five feet of the ground surface at both CS locations (USDA SCS, 1974 and 1983).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Quantifying Avian and Forest Communities to Understand
    Quantifying avian and forest communities to understand interdependencies of ecological systems and inform forest bird conservation Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Bryce Timothy Adams Graduate Program in Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University 2018 Dissertation Committee Stephen N. Matthews, Advisor Robert J. Gates Chris M. Tonra Laura J. Kearns Louis R. Iverson 1 Copyrighted by Bryce Timothy Adams 2018 2 Abstract Forests represent the largest terrestrial biome on Earth, providing a wealth of ecological and social services. Their effective conservation and management under intensifying anthropogenic threats, climate change, and shifting disturbance regimes hinges on an accurate knowledge of ecological process and spatial pattern to address questions related to their dynamics, how they are changing, and what resources they provide to wildlife. Predictive models are currently the main tools used to quantify landscape-level forest parameters and resource use of wildlife communities. Advances in remote sensing technologies and new, innovative ways to characterize these data offer great potential for improved quantification and monitoring of ecological systems. My overall research seeks to integrate new methodologies for landscape-level quantification of avian and forest communities and to investigate interrelationships that inform forest bird conservation in southeastern Ohio. The study area, positioned within the Central Hardwoods Region, displays a pronounced floristic gradient, recognized as one of the most speciose forested regions in the eastern US. I sampled avian and woody plant assemblages across a spectrum of forest stands with different vegetation composition and structure within six study sites during 2015 and 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis) Forests of the Hocking Hills Prior to Hemlock Woolly
    Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Forests of the Hocking Hills Prior to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae) Infestation _______________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Honors Tutorial College Ohio University _______________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation from the Honors Tutorial College with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Studies _______________________________ by Jordan K. Knisley April 2021 1 This thesis has been approved by The Honors Tutorial College and the Department of Environmental Studies Dr. James Dyer Professor, Geography Thesis Adviser _____________________________ Dr. Stephen Scanlan Director of Studies, Environmental Studies _____________________________ Dr. Donal Skinner Dean, Honors Tutorial College 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my parents, Keith and Tara Knisley, my grandparents, Sandra Jones- Gordley and Phil Gordley, and the love of my life, Sarah Smith. Each of them has been a constant source of support. Finishing my undergraduate studies and writing this thesis during the COVID-19 pandemic has been difficult, and I am certain I am not alone in this sentiment, but their emotional support has definitely made this process easier. Additionally, thank you to Scott Smith, captain of the “S.S. Airbag,” the boat without which I could not have reached some of my study plots. I would also like to express my thanks to my thesis advisor, Dr. James Dyer. Without his assistance throughout this process, from field work to editing, this thesis would not have been possible. Finally, I would like to thank my Director or Studies, Dr. Stephen Scanlan, for his guidance, and the Honors Tutorial College in general for the opportunities that they have given me.
    [Show full text]
  • SRW) and Superior High Quality Water (SHQW) Classifications for Ohio’S Water Qual- Ity Standards
    Methods and Documen- te of the tation used to Propose Ecosystem: State Resource Water (SRW) and Superior High Quality Water (SHQW) Classifications for Ohio’s Water Qual- ity Standards Kokosing River: SRW Candidate Introduction High quality water bodies are valued Selection Criteria public resources because of their eco- Ohio EPA has drafted revisions to the logical and human benefits. Intact The selection of candidate water bod- 1 aquatic ecosystems provide substan- State's antidegradation policy which ies and delineation of SRW and tial environmental benefits to long- incorporate a level of protection SHQW segments were based on the term, sustainable environmental qual- between the minimum antidegradation following types of information: policy required under the Clean Water ity. The biological components of these systems act as a warning system that Act and the maximum protection 1.) The presence of endangered and can indicate potential threats to human afforded by federal regulations. The threatened fish, mussel, crayfish, and health, degradation of aesthetic values, most stringent application of antideg- amphibian species as designated for reductions in the quality and quantity radation is to allow absolutely no low- Ohio by the Ohio DNR (Department of of recreational opportunities, and other ering of water quality in waters Natural Resources), Division of Wild- ecosystem benefits or “services.” designated as Outstanding National life (2001). The inclusion of this infor- Some of these other services include Resource Waters. The minimum
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 DAY in the WOODS Brochure-Final
    OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Vinton Furnace State Forest “A Day in the Woods” and “2nd Friday Series” programs are sponsored by the Education and Demonstration Subcommittee of the Vinton Furnace State Forest in cooperation with Ohio State University Extension with support from partners, including: Ainin DAY thethe WOODS 2nd Friday Series | May-November Vinton Furnace State Forest is in Vinton Co. , Near McArthur, OH North Entrance (Dundas): From the intersection of SR 93 and SR 324, drive south approximately 0.3 mile and turn left onto Sam Russell Road. Follow Sam Russell Road approximately 2.5 miles to the forest entrance. South Entrance (Radcliff): From the intersection of SR 32 and SR 160, drive approximately 2.1 miles north on SR 160 and turn right onto Experimental Forest Road. Once you enter the forest follow VINTON FURNACE yellow signs to the event location. STATE FOREST For more details located near McArthur, Ohio Visit: https://u.osu.edu/seohiowoods Designed for woodland owners and enthusiasts OSU CFAES provides research and related educational programs Call: 740 -710-3009 (Dave Apsley) to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis. 740-596-5212 https://u.osu.edu/seohiowoods For more information: go.osu.edu/cfaesdiversity. (OSU Extension—Vinton Co.) Email: [email protected] Spring Edibles A Day in the Woods May 13 - Vinton Furnace State Forest* *Programs with a teal background will take **Programs with a white background will take Learn to identify some common edible spring plants and place at the Vinton Furnace State Forest place at other locations. Maps and directions 2nd Friday Series - 2016 (9 am to 3:30 pm) fungi found in your woods (see map and directions on back).
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution Patterns of Ohio Stoneflies, with an Emphasis on Rare and Uncommon Species
    Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 13 | Article 72 Grubbs et al. Distribution patterns of Ohio stoneflies, with an emphasis on rare and uncommon species Scott A. Grubbs1a*, Massimo Pessimo2b, R. Edward DeWalt2c 1Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity Studies, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Ken- tucky 42101, USA 2University of Illinois, Prairie Research Institute, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA Downloaded from Abstract Presently, 102 stonefly species (Plecoptera) have been reported from Ohio. All 9 Nearctic fami- http://jinsectscience.oxfordjournals.org/ lies are represented. Over 90% of the fauna exhibit a combination of broad Nearctic-widespread, eastern Nearctic-widespread, Appalachian, and eastern Nearctic-unglaciated distributions. In con- trast, only 2 species display a central Nearctic-Prairie distribution. Seven species of Perlidae are likely no longer present (Acroneuria evoluta Klapálek, A. perplexa Frison, Attaneuria ruralis (Hagen), and Neoperla mainensis Banks) or have experienced marked range reductions (Acro- neuria abnormis (Newman), A. frisoni Stark and Brown, and A. filicis Frison). Another nearly 31% of the fauna (32 species) are rare, uncommon, or have highly-limited distributions within the by guest on August 12, 2015 state. Twelve of these species have Appalachian distributions, and an additional 8 have eastern Nearctic-unglaciated distributions. The distributional status for each of the 32 rare/uncommon species is discussed. Keywords: Midwestern, Nearctic, range reduction Correspondence: a [email protected], b [email protected], c [email protected], *Corresponding author Editor: Takumasa Kondo was editor of this paper. Received: 4 February 2012 Accepted: 9 June 2013 Copyright: This is an open access paper.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diversity Is Endless. There Is No Better
    BUCKEYE TRAIL ASSOCIATION Trailblazer SPRING 2009 VOLUME 42 NO. 1 “The diversity is endless. There is no better way to experience it than the Buckeye Trail” Circuit Hiker Chris McIntyre’s Buckeye Trail odyssey included (clockwise from above) amazement at ice sculptures in the Old Man’s Cave Section, and acquisition of rural-speak and home and garden ideas from the West Union Section. IN THIS ISSUE... 2 BTA Bits and Pieces 8 Annual Meeting Information 15 State Trail Coordinator’s Report 16 Hello BT! 2 BTeasers 10 My Memories on Completing the Buckeye Trail 17 Highlights of the BTA 3 Hiking Down Under Board Meeting 12 2009 Winter Hike is Good and Schedule of Hikes & Events 4 Cold – A Great Like 17 BTA Funds Report BTA MAC New Year’s Campout 7 13 Little Loop Hike 20 Bramble #50 Welcome New Members! 7 14 Adopters’ Corner CKEY BTA Bits and U E B Pieces T R A I L Pat Hayes, BTA President This Trailblazer issue marks the beginning of the Buckeye Trail Association’s 50th Anniversary. If we look back in time to November 1958, we see that Merrill C. Gilfillan wrote an Trailblazer article in the magazine section of the Columbus Dispatch Published Quarterly by the suggesting that a foot trail should be established between Buckeye Trail Association, Inc. Cincinnati on the Ohio River and Conneaut on Lake Erie. P.O. Box 254 In August 1959, Merrill Gilfillan, Roy Fairfield, Bill Miller, Robert Paton, Bill Price, Worthington, Ohio 43085 Ken Crawford, Merle Marietta, Jim Robey, T.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Oct 15, 2016 to Indiana Indd.Indd
    Most Up To Date Local Sportsman’s Newspaper In Ohio & Pennsylvania We NOW Deer Survey Visit www. fishnfieldreport.com HAVE ONLINE and Outlook Now 95c EDITIONS!!! Revealed See Page 19 See Page 10 Celebrating!! 34 Years ed BULK RATE Are Perch What Howling Own U.S.POSTAGE Family d Netters Hurting Coyotes Are & Operate PAID Lake Erie? Saying FISH NILES, OHIO See Below See Page 14 Permit #321 Five Charged Cuffs & In Ginseng Collars: & Report Case Wildlife FIELD Offenders ©2016 Rick Henninger See Page 5 October 15, 2016- November 1, 2016 Issue #789 See Page 4 When Does The Rut Start? By Rick Henninger The actual rut usually starts Bucks fighting for When does the rut start? in early to mid November. dominance can happen Well, that’s a good question. Bucks are now searching for during late pre-rut or in the Here in northeast Ohio and does that are in estrus. Does rut itself. Rutting bucks western Pennsylvania it can do not come into estrus all expand their range from a begin in mid to late October, at the same time. Some may mile and one half radius to so to speak. be two or even three weeks three and even sometimes There are three phases of apart. In any event, when five miles. This often varies the rut, the pre-rut which can they do, “the scent in the according to breeding doe start at any time now. This is air” will have bucks moving availability. If a ranging when the bachelor groups of big time. buck ventures into anoher bucks break up and begin to There is often a lull in the mature bucks area there will be solitude.
    [Show full text]
  • Backpacking Trail Opens
    BUCKEYE TRAIL ASSOCIATION Trailblazer FOUNDED 1959 FALL 2008 VOLUME 41 NO. 3 Backpacking Trail Opens Elmo and Wilma Layman celebrate the opening of Ohio’s newest back- packing trail on June 21, the 29-mile long Twin Valley Trail between Germantown MetroPark and Twin Creek MetroPark near Dayton. About 300 visitors came to hike a portion of the new Twin Valley Trail and check out the Buckeye Trail dis- play. The new Twin Valley Trail offers three campsites, all free but requiring a permit. The trail travels through Twin Creek Valley, a diverse area with mature forests, rare bird spe- cies, and a variety of habitats. Twin Creek is the most biodiverse stream in Ohio. It’s a great opportunity for a weekend trip: for information or a camping permit, contact Germantown Metropark at 937-275-7275. IN THIS ISSUE... 2 BTA Bits and Pieces 6 Barn Talk 9 Have You Hiked the Whole Buckeye Trail? 3 The Buckeye Trail Association 7 Adopter’s Corner Ohio Wild Funds . BTA Trail Preservation 7 Trail Adopter’s Recognition 10 Fund Luncheon 10 Highlights of the BTA Board Meetings 3 BTeasers 8 Working Together 11 Donations to BTA Funds 4 Schedule of Hikes & Events 9 NEW Bedford Section Map Bramble #48 5 Welcome New Members! 9 End of Trail 12 5 Hello BT! BTA Bits and Pieces Pat Hayes, BTA President Although there are still five months left in the year, things are starting to fall into place for the Buckeye Trail’s 50th Anniversary celebration. The 2009 BTA Annual meeting is Trailblazer planned for June 12–14 at Camp McPherson near Mohican State Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Hocking Hills State Forest Along with Wayne National Forest Have Miles of Trails and Acres of Woodlands to Explore
    1 Left by glaciers centuries ago, the Hocking Hills seem to be in a world of their own. Leave your worries behind and bask in one of nature’s most enchanting landscapes. 2 Outdoor Activities 5 Hiking 5 Biking 7 Canoeing 8 Bird Watching 8 Fishing & Hunting 9 ATV Riding 9 Horseback Riding 10 Zip Lining 10 Shopping 11 Restaurants 13 Annual Festivals and Events 14 Cottages 17 Cabin Rental 18 Amenities 19 3 Visitors to the Hocking Hills can expect to find gorgeous scenery in a serene atmosphere. Miles of trails, quaint country shops, festive local events and a wide variety of activities are all here for your enjoyment. ith its picturesque cascading waterfalls, to exciting zip lining trips Whether you’re visiting WBlack Hand sandstone gorges and for a quick weekend getaway, a full leisurely week or hemlock forests, there is no better place to enjoy even longer, you won’t run out of things to do in the Ohio’s natural beauty than the Hocking Hills The Hocking Hills We hope this guide will help you get area offers year-round enjoyment for lovers of the started planning your trip! outdoors with activities ranging from scenic hikes What to See and Do Whether you want to get away from it all and simply relax or pack your trip full of activities, the Hocking Hills is the perfect destination. Here are some of our favorite activities. 4 Our guests have a wide variety of ways to enjoy the beauty of the Hocking Hills Hocking Hills State Park and adjoining Hocking Hills State Forest along with Wayne National Forest have miles of trails and acres of woodlands to explore.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix E Conservation Lands Crossed by Nisource
    APPENDIX E CONSERVATION LANDS CROSSED BY NISOURCE FACILITIES Appendix E – Conservation Lands Crossed by NiSource Facilities State Property Name Owner Type Delaware Bechtel Park Local Delaware Knollwood Park Local Delaware Naamans Park East Local Delaware Naamans Park North Local Indiana Eagle Lake Wetlands Conservation Area State Indiana Kingsbury Fish and Wildlife Area State Indiana Mallard Roost Wetland Conservation Area State Indiana St. John Prairie State Indiana Deep River County Park Local Indiana Northside Park Local Indiana Oak Ridge Prairie County Park Local Indiana Gaylord Butterfly Area NGO Kentucky Carr Creek State Park Federal Kentucky Daniel Boone National Forest Federal Kentucky Dewey Lake Wildlife Management Area Federal Kentucky Green River Lake Wildlife Management Area Federal Kentucky Jenny Wiley State Resort Park Federal Kentucky Lexington-Blue Grass Army Depot Federal Kentucky Carr Fork Lake Wildlife Management Area State Kentucky Central Kentucky Wildlife Management Area State Kentucky Dennis-Gray Wildlife Management Area State Kentucky Floracliff State Nature Preserve State Louisiana Bayou Teche National Wildlife Refuge Federal Louisiana Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge Federal Louisiana Grand Cote National Wildlife Refuge Federal Louisiana Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge Federal Louisiana Mandalay National Wildlife Refuge Federal Louisiana Sabine National Wildlife Refuge Federal Louisiana Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge Federal Louisiana Big Lake Wildlife Management Area State Louisiana Boeuf Wildlife
    [Show full text]