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Distribution Patterns of Ohio Stoneflies, with an Emphasis on Rare and Uncommon Species

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Distribution Patterns of Ohio Stoneflies, with an Emphasis on Rare and Uncommon Species Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 13 | Article 72 Grubbs et al. Distribution patterns of Ohio stoneflies, with an emphasis on rare and uncommon species Scott A. Grubbs1a*, Massimo Pessimo2b, R. Edward DeWalt2c 1Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity Studies, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Ken- tucky 42101, USA 2University of Illinois, Prairie Research Institute, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA Downloaded from Abstract Presently, 102 stonefly species (Plecoptera) have been reported from Ohio. All 9 Nearctic fami- http://jinsectscience.oxfordjournals.org/ lies are represented. Over 90% of the fauna exhibit a combination of broad Nearctic-widespread, eastern Nearctic-widespread, Appalachian, and eastern Nearctic-unglaciated distributions. In con- trast, only 2 species display a central Nearctic-Prairie distribution. Seven species of Perlidae are likely no longer present (Acroneuria evoluta Klapálek, A. perplexa Frison, Attaneuria ruralis (Hagen), and Neoperla mainensis Banks) or have experienced marked range reductions (Acro- neuria abnormis (Newman), A. frisoni Stark and Brown, and A. filicis Frison). Another nearly 31% of the fauna (32 species) are rare, uncommon, or have highly-limited distributions within the by guest on August 12, 2015 state. Twelve of these species have Appalachian distributions, and an additional 8 have eastern Nearctic-unglaciated distributions. The distributional status for each of the 32 rare/uncommon species is discussed. Keywords: Midwestern, Nearctic, range reduction Correspondence: a [email protected], b [email protected], c [email protected], *Corresponding author Editor: Takumasa Kondo was editor of this paper. Received: 4 February 2012 Accepted: 9 June 2013 Copyright: This is an open access paper. We use the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license that permits unrestricted use, provided that the paper is properly attributed. ISSN: 1536-2442 | Vol. 13, Number 72 Cite this paper as: Grubbs SA, Pessimo M, DeWalt RE. 2013. Distribution patterns of Ohio stoneflies, with an emphasis on rare and un- common species. Journal of Insect Science 13:72. Available online: http://www.insectscience.org/13.72 Journal of Insect Science | http://www.insectscience.org 1 Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 13 | Article 72 Grubbs et al. key for Ohio stoneflies, yet his work was un- Introduction published and has remained largely unrecognized. Prior to DeWalt et al. (2012), the Ohio stone- fly (Plecoptera) fauna had been addressed DeWalt et al. (2012) showed that the Ohio mostly in piecemeal fashion. Walker (1947), fauna was represented by 102 species in total, Gaufin (1956), Tkac and Foote (1978), Rob- and drainages historically covered by upland ertson (1979, 1984), Beckett (1987) and deciduous forest and mixed coniferous forests Fishbeck (1987) each focused their work supported the highest species richness. Thir- mainly at small regional scales. Gaufin’s teen species were reported from the state for (1956) paper was based on specimens he col- the first time, but there was also ample evi- lected in southern Ohio from 1950–1953. He dence that several species of Perlidae likely collected additional material that he took with were no longer present. Although DeWalt et him to the University of Utah when he joined al. (2012) briefly discussed 10 ra- Downloaded from the faculty in 1953. Later, Gaufin’s Ohio re/uncommon species within a broad analysis stonefly collection was transferred to the of diversity patterns, there are several more Brigham Young University (BYU) after Dr. that are similarly uncommon, rare, or display Richard Baumann moved to BYU in 1975. In limited distributional ranges within the state. http://jinsectscience.oxfordjournals.org/ the early 1980’s Shawn Clark started Ph.D. The intent of this paper is to extend upon work at Ohio State University (OSU). Alt- DeWalt et al. (2012), focusing mainly on spe- hough his dissertation was based in part on cies characterized as rare/uncommon. chrysomelid beetles, he was encouraged by Dr. Baumann to collect stoneflies when he Materials and Methods was visiting lotic systems. By this time, an Ohio stonefly project was established, with Freshly-collected specimens and museum ma- periodic collecting trips by Dr. Clark after he terial obtained from 19 institutions (Table 1) by guest on August 12, 2015 had graduated from OSU and had accepted a were used in this study. Data were also ac- position with the West Virginia Department of quired from reliable literature sources. Fresh Agriculture in Charleston, West Virginia. adult specimens were collected with beating sheets, sweep nets, by hand-picking from Also during the 1980’s, Fred Kirchner of the rocks, tree trunks, and bridges, and through U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Huntingdon, rearing of nymphs. Mature nymphs that could West Virginia, became interested in the Ohio be readily identified to species were also in- stonefly project and often collected there ei- cluded. Location data for each specimen ther individually or with Dr. Clark. The Clark record were recorded either directly with GPS material came to BYU when he was hired units or by georeferencing museum label data. there in 2002. To date, the majority of F. Nearctic-scale distribution categories were Kirchner’s material has remained with him. assigned for all species based on a rapidly- The whole of the BYU material was included accruing and well-documented literature base in the DeWalt et al. (2012) treatment. Tkac’s of state and Canadian province records (e.g., (1979) Ph.D research was somewhat more Stewart and Stark 2002; DeWalt et al. 2012). comprehensive, studying the fauna in detail Distribution categorization has been per- across the northeastern portion of the state. He formed at the state level by Kondratieff and also provided the first illustrated taxonomic Kirchner (1987, Virginia), Grubbs (1997, Journal of Insect Science | http://www.insectscience.org 2 Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 13 | Article 72 Grubbs et al. rate localities, respectively (Table 2). The on- ly other species reported from > 100 localities was Acroneuria frisoni Stark and Brown. There were several species whose taxonomic status is currently in question. Five Appala- chian-distributed species, Alloperla neglecta Frison, Acroneuria kosztarabi Kondratieff and Kirchner, Cultus decisus (Walker), Malirekus pr. iroquois Stark and Szczytko, and Pter- onarcys pr. biloba Newman, are discussed individually below. The identities of several species of Perlesta either have been or still need to be resolved. The record of Perlesta Downloaded from shubuta Stark by DeWalt et al. (2012) now refers to the recently-described P. ephelida Figure 1. All unique collecting localities for Ohio. High quality Grubbs and DeWalt (Grubbs and DeWalt figures are available online. 2012). Perlesta cinctipes (Banks) has been http://jinsectscience.oxfordjournals.org/ Maryland), and Grubbs et al. (2012, Michi- reported from Kansas and Nebraska south to gan). The previous categories have been Arkansas and east to West Virginia (Stark modified to include: Appalachian, central Ne- 2004; DeWalt et al. 2013). Stark (2004) pro- arctic-Prairie, eastern Nearctic-glaciated, vided the first records from Ohio based solely eastern Nearctic-unglaciated , eastern Nearc- on males. A large series has since been col- tic-widespread, and Nearctic-widespread. lected from the same locality (Deer Creek, Ross County, Ohio) as Stark (2004). Males Results and Discussion matched nicely with the definition of P. cinctipes, but the eggs were very similar to P. by guest on August 12, 2015 Over 32,000 specimens were accrued for this decipiens (Walsh) and distinct from the study, providing records for 102 species (Ta- unique chorionic sculpturing exhibited by ble 2) from 942 unique localities distributed eastern Kansas P. cinctipes (Stark 1989). broadly across the entire state of Ohio, USA Perlesta lagoi Stark and P. nitida Banks ex- (Figure 1). All 9 Nearctic families were repre- hibited very similar external genitalic features sented in Ohio, and the most speciose was of males and females, the male aedeagus, and Perlidae (34 species). In contrast, Pteronarcyi- eggs (Grubbs and Stark 2001; Stark 2004). dae was comprised of 2 species of Perlesta nitida is typically darkly pigmented, Pteronarcys, and Peltoperla arcuata Need- has been reported mainly from the northeast- ham was the sole peltoperlid. The pending ern U.S. (Stark 2004; DeWalt et al. 2013), and revision of the eastern Nearctic Isoperlinae was first reported from Ohio by Grubbs and (Szczytko and Kondratieff, personal commu- Stark (2001). In contrast, P. lagoi is consid- nication) will also likely alter the total number ered to be a southeastern and midwestern U.S. of Isoperla known from Ohio. The 2 most species (DeWalt et al. 2013) and is more light- commonly collected species were Allocapnia ly pigmented. For this treatment, all vivipara (Claassen) and Perlesta lagoi Stark, specimens were grouped together in the broad which were obtained from 223 and 161 sepa- sense as P. lagoi. Journal of Insect Science | http://www.insectscience.org 3 Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 13 | Article 72 Grubbs et al. gen), and N. mainensis Banks, are considered Nearly 80% of the Ohio fauna exhibited a to be no longer present (Table 2; DeWalt et al. combination of eastern Nearctic-widespread 2012). Acroneuria evoluta, A. ruralis and N. (32 species), Appalachian (25 species), and mainensis are likewise no longer present in eastern Nearctic-unglaciated (24 species) dis- Illinois (DeWalt et al. 2005; DeWalt and tributions (Table 2). In contrast, 6 species Grubbs 2011). Attaneuria ruralis similarly is were found mainly in the eastern Nearctic- no longer present in Indiana (DeWalt and glaciated landscapes, and only 2 species, P. Grubbs 2011) and Michigan (Grubbs et al. cinctipes (Banks) and P. xube Stark and 2012). Three additional perlid species, A. ab- Rhodes, were distributed within the central normis (Newman), A. filicis Frison, and A. Nearctic-Prairie region. Species with eastern frisoni, have experienced marked range Nearctic-widespread distributions were well- changes since the 1930s (Table 2).
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