SOUTHERN ONTARIO ORCHID SOCIETY NEWS December 2017, Volume 52, Issue 11 Meeting since 1965

Next Meeting Sunday, December 3 , Floral Hall of the Toronto Botanical Garden.

No Cultural snapshots . Vendor sales noon to 1pm Program at 1 pm: Our annual auction of , orchid related items and surprises. If at all possible please preregister your contributions with Liz Mc Alpine, phone 416-487-7832, ([email protected]). Also don’t forget to bring a favourite food item for our pot luck after the auction. No Member table. No Raffle

President’s Remarks Welcome Orchid The next show on the docket is our show on February 11-12, 2018, so groom and baby your plants so that they Enthusiasts, Our December meeting is fast will be ready to shine in the New Year. approaching, and we are feverishly preparing for our live auction, silent auction and pot luck meal. Our future speaker and festivities are as follows:

Please consider if you have any plants, books, growing rd materials, and any other orchid related (or even non-  December 3 : Annual auction and orchid related) items that you might be able to donate. If pot luck th you could let Liz McAlpine ( [email protected] )  January 7 : Preparing your know what you may be donating ahead of time, it will plants for the “big show” make life much easier for her on the December 3rd  January 28th: Pest and Diseases auction day. Now is also the time to get your 2018 SOOS memberships. If Once the excitement of the auction is over, we will you purchase your membership in December you will have a celebrate the holiday season with a “pot luck” meal. chance to win the draw for a blooming orchid at our January Please bring your favorite dish that can be eaten with a meeting. You must be in attendance to win the orchid draw, so knife, fork or fingers, to share with others. Come out and if your name is chosen and you are not in attendance, we will join us, and remember to “keep some room” for all of draw again until a winner is chosen. those tasty treats that our members continue to surprise us with. Thank you to those members whose names which begin with . the letters To through Z that supplied treats for the November Remember there will be no show table, no members' meeting. sales table, and no raffle for December. There will however be vendors’ tables. As you know, SOOS is a volunteer run Remember to bring your wallets, purses, fanny packs, organization, so please consider donating money clips, cheque books…. so that you can get that some of your precious time to your orchid perfect gift for friends, neighbors, family, loved ones OR YOURSELF!! society to assist in its operations. We will be electing a Board of Directors for the The fall show season is now behind us with the Essex County Show, in Kingsville now in the books. A big 2018-2019 term at our December meeting, “thank you” to the members who made their plants and this is your chance to help shape the available, and to Don Wyatt who collected the plants and future of SOOS. Please see or contact designed the display. John Vermeer for details, if you are willing to help out. 7, SOOS meeting, Toronto Botanical Garden, sales Our show committee can also always use 12 noon, program 1 pm, Floral Hall 7, Quebec City show. more help, please see or contact Peter 14-15, Toronto Artistic Orchid Society show, Poot at any time. Toronto. 21-22, Ottawa Orchid Society Show and Montreal AOS judging. Happy Orchiding, John Vermeer for Laura Liebgott A synopsis of a presentation “Secrets of Questions or comments: Please contact me at: [email protected] or 905 883 5290 our Wild Orchids”, by Marilyn Light, as transcribed by Inge Poot Our speaker has been interested in orchids since she was twelve years old, all leading back to the time her Coming Events 2017 dad showed her a yellow ladyslipper orchid growing in the wild. (How influential parents can be! Your December transcriber has a similar history for her interest in and 2, TJC Monthly AOS Judging at TBG. respect for orchids originating from the age of five– 3, SOOS meeting, Toronto Botanical Garden, sales when her mother showed her an almost black Nigritella 12 noon, program 1 pm, Floral Hall nigra in one of the alpine meadows near their house 9, Monthly Montreal AOS judging, Jardin botanique de and impressed on her that this must not be Montreal. picked since it was rare and endangered).

January 2018 At present Marilyn can see orchids just by walking into nearby Gatineau Park from her home in Ottawa. There 6, TJC Monthly AOS Judging at TBG. she was able to observe Epipactis helleborine and learn 7, SOOS meeting, Toronto Botanical Garden, sales 12 noon, program 1 pm, Floral Hall all about ecology. Going a little further 20, Monthly Montreal AOS judging, Jardin botanique de afield, Ottawa is fortunate to be near Purdon Fen where Montreal. the Showy Ladyslipper, Cypripedium reginae reigns 28, SOOS meeting, Toronto Botanical Garden, sales supreme with a wonderfully dense stand of the plants 12 noon, program 1 pm, Floral Hall whose pouches come in all shades of white, pink and deep rose. February In the 1980’s Marilyn was happy to be able to study a 9 SOOS Show setup TBG colony of about 200 yellow ladyslipper plants and also 10-11 SOOS Annual Show, TBG. work with a colleague in Florida studying the rose 17, Monthly Montreal AOS judging, Jardin botanique de Pogonia. Montreal. Spiranthes cernua is another plant Marilyn was able to 24-25, Royal Botanical Gardens Orchid study. It is found in colonies on the acid sandy shores of Society Annual Show. lakes in granitic environments such as the Canadian Shield and Killarney Provincial Park. (Photo: Dr Tom Ott March & OW Library) 3 , TJC Monthly AOS Judging at TBG. 4 , SOOS meeting, Toronto Botanical Garden, sales 12 noon, program 1 pm, Floral Hall 8-11, AOS Member’s Meeting, Santa Barbara Orchid Show. 17-18, London Orchid Society Show, London, Ontario 22-25, Manitoba Orchid Society Show, Winnipeg. 23-25, Rochester Orchid Show, NY. 24-25, Orchid Expo, Montreal. April 1, TJC Monthly AOS Judging at TBG.

The upland form of the yellow ladyslipper Cypripedium parviflorum var.pubescens is also found in Ontario and was studied by Marilyn. The Cypripedium has seen many name changes. The first plant of the genus described in Canada was then called Calceolus Marianus Canadensis in 1635 by Jacques Cornuti. It was later renamed Cypripedium calceolus, the same as the very similar European . Later, the species found in North America was determined to be unique (Cypripedium parviflorum) with a varietal name being C. parviflorum variety pubescens, now accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (see below –photo Peter Poot, OW)

The studies that Marilyn Light undertakes try to answer the following questions: The herbarium specimen collected at Cape Norman 1) How do orchids know when to emerge and were determined to have emerged every 2 to 5 years. If upon emergence conditions are not right, there will be bloom? no blooming. Also blooms are initiated two years in advance, so if there are , it means that two years Temperature is a common emergence trigger. Usually ago conditions had to have been right to initiate bud warming trends cause emergence with temperate formation. terrestrials. Another interesting harmony of conditions exists in a Precipitation can be another trigger. If it is too little or too much, nothing happens. When it is just right the peat wetland, investigated by Marilyn in 2014/15. The plant emerges or as the case may be, it blooms. peatland was in a dense woody very wet area that was dangerous to access, because seemingly solid mossy Evolution resulted in the synchronization of blooming areas could have deep holes underneath the and pollinator presence. In the arctic where there are deceptively solid looking moss carpet. no suitable pollinators, orchids relying on those absent The temperature at rhizome level stays at 0 degrees pollinators become self-pollinating. Celsius, even though the air temperature fluctuates For conservation efforts to succeed resources have to quite strongly. In April to June soil gradually warms up be managed. Frost periods, dry times, inundation all and when it gets above 10C the shoot of the orchid will need proper timing. start to grow. Therefore it may be deduced that

peatland soil temperature is associated with timing of shoot emergence. An example showing the importance of the proper conditions for flowering to occur is shown by 2) How do pollinators find flowers? What Cypripedium parviflorum (Photo: Peter Poot, OW) in enticements/rewards does the orchid use? Newfoundland at Cape Norman. This species survives marginally in this wind-swept dry habitat exposed to full sun. vision is not like ours. Bees see yellow as In the pink ladyslipper, (Photo: OW Library) Cypripedium magenta. Also they see ultraviolet light and the UV acaule a slightly different scenario takes place. absorbance and reflectance patterns in a flower suggest Bees perceive the contrast between light veins and a the presence of a nectar/pollen reward or resemble darker centre opening/slit where they enter, perhaps to another object. gain shelter to spend the night. A window in the back of the flower makes them think that that is where they A deception used by C. parviflorum var. pubescens is to have to exit in the morning and they have to crawl past emit an odour similar to that used by female ground- the pollinia to do so and they pick up pollinia and may nesting solitary bees (Andrena species such as the deposit the pollinia of another flower at the same time. brown and black Andrena dunningii and Andrena Some bees get impatient and gnaw a more conveniently milwaukeensis. ) to mark their nest entrance. placed exit hole in the flower and defeat the flower’s purpose. However other factors may prevent pollination. Environmental conditions over the 10 days while a bloom remains receptive to fertilization, must be such 3) How and why do orchids regulate their that pollination can happen within that interval. Bees fly reproduction? only during the morning hours when it is sunny, warm (20C minimum) and when the wind is light such that The plant uses hormones to signal other parts of its scent remains concentrated within the orchid colony. body. For instance if there is a six-week drought C. That often means between 10AM and 1PM. parviflorum var. pubescens will abort embryo Most years, flowers remain fresh, functioning as both development if water is sensed to be limited. pollen donors and recipients for about 10 days, but in This is not a problem for the swamp dwelling 2000, flowers remained fresh longer, up to 23 days. Cypripedium reginae, but it too has restraints. If the That meant that after the 10 day receptive period was water balance is incorrect it may abort some flower over, the remaining flowers were still able to function buds. It has to weigh the cost of incorrect water as pollen sources, but no longer as potential seed balance, nutrient shortage, cost of emergence, cost of parents. flowering, cost of seed production against the It takes 25 days for the pollen tubes to reach the ovules possibility of not surviving. During the 2017 spring there after fertilization. If the flowers fade before that feat is was so much rain that the fen turned into a lake. The accomplished, there will be no seed. result was that most C. reginae did not emerge and A wood-inhabiting solitary bee, the metallic blue-green those that did, did not flower. Osmia simillima is tricked by Cypripedium parviflorum Root volume is important for starch storage. The plants var. pubescens with visual cues. The bee is looking for a won’t bloom or bloom poorly if there is not enough place to shelter and perceives the UV absorbance motif starch. If starch stores are too low, the cost of (dark staminode and pouch entrance) as a possible emergence may be such that the plant will stay knothole. Once inside the pouch it can re-warm to underground 2-3 years waiting for better conditions approximately 25C, at which point it attempts to leave before spending its remaining starch stores. and while doing so, becomes a pollinator. Pollinators guided by scent land where scent is pronounced first, then crawl into the pouch hole whereas bees attracted by visual cues may enter directly and without hesitation.

Our speaker mentioned an article (Evolution and Biogeography of the Slipper Orchids: Eocene Vicariance of the Conduplicate Genera in Old and New World Tropics, Yan-Yan Guo et all, 2012) regarding recent determinations of Cypripedium entry into North America. It is reported that the all-yellow flowered Mexican C. irapeanum and C. molle are dated earlier than our C. acaule, parviflorum,- the study did not report on C reginae. Dating is early – 30 million years ago - but what we see now and what was first present in North America could be different, because the most recent glaciations killed anything present before the glaciation. What was present before glaciations is still being debated! The ancestor of all slipper orchids seems to be a subtropical new world slipper orchid plant. All we can determine now is that earlier arriving progenitors of North American species were of present day eastern species. What we see now has resulted from seeds produced by orchids of unglaciated regions arriving in suitable habitats here after the glacier retreated some 8000-9000 years ago. So the ancestor of Epipactis helleborine (Photo: Bernd Haynold, OW) has the subtropical yellow Mexican species is probably the been observed to stay underground without emerging ancestor of our temperate climate yellow ladyslippers. for up to 16 years. This orchid is associated with a Since they appear to be the oldest immigrants, they had fungus related to truffles, which in turn is associated a chance to diverge into different varieties/species. with the roots of nearby trees. It does best within 2.5 The pink ladyslipper, C. acaule, according to DNA meters of the tree’s drip-line. studies was probably a more recent arrival than the Epipactis helleborine has no control over water loss yellow ladyslipper. during flowering but perhaps the associated fungal partner does via its tree associate. Trees are known to hydraulically lift water to supply their mycorrhizal 4) Why do orchids grow where they do? For instance: associates and any E. helleborine associated with a different adjacent pastures often harbour different partner fungus can benefit and hence survive. orchids. Why?

Most seeds that are released into Road building changes water table levels and can have a the wind die. The huge impact on adjacent habitats. All is for survival. only ones to

survive are the ones that land near a suitable mycorrhizal fungus that is the right strain not just the right species. Pogonia ophioglossoides is usually found in floating sphagnum moss islands in Canada. But in Florida it can be found in dry pine flats! The key it turned out was that types of all species. They are different in their soil, light the pine flats undergo occasional flooding allowing requirements and may need to stand in water or be seeds to get a hold. Florida does get the occasional bone dry. snow, but no minus 30C temperatures. Therefore in -in a bog garden the water temperature is crucial. Ontario and Quebec the species only grows in Therefore make it deep to keep the surface sphagnum bogs that stay at zero degrees Celsius during temperature warmer during winter but not too hot the coldest winter temperatures. during summer. Depth provides a heat sink in winter and a cooling substrate in summer. In Florida seeds are protected within cracks in the soil -mycorrhizal fungi are often inactive above 15C. when the natural burns that happen every 2 to 5 years Therefore use a maximum/minimum thermometer to in Florida take place. Nowadays the natural burns are measure soil temperature trends. replaced by deliberate controlled burns. -Remember that soil temperature follows the air It takes 11 weeks for capsules to dehisce in Canada, temperature with a delay of 1 to 2 days. where they then have 23 weeks frost-free weather, but -soil tests are inexpensive. You need to know the 22 weeks to do so in Florida, where they then have 34 calcium carbonate levels to know how well the pH is weeks frost-free weather. buffered. Ladyslippers such as C. parviflorum and C. Watching seed germination in Florida the researchers reginae (NB. C. acaule grows better in low carbonate found that there was no germination in the first year, soils) need carbonate levels high enough for their but the next year there was a burn and after that there mycorrhizal fungi to grow. was some germination followed by rapid protocorm development! REFERENCES In Quebec on the other hand the seeds germinated the • Light, M.H.S., MacConaill, M. (2002). Climatic next year. influences on flowering and fruiting of 20,000 years ago there were 2km of ice over the Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens. In: present Gatineau Park site. Therefore as the glaciers Trends and fluctuations and underlying receded the newly exposed soil was colonized by plants growing further south. At present, old fallen trees/ mechanisms in terrestrial orchid populations. rotting logs in Gatineau act as nursery sites for Cyps 85–97. while live oak and sugar maple harbour helleborine orchids. This way we get diversity. • Light, M.H.S., Koopowitz, H., Marchant, T.A. Autumn or nodding lady’s tresses, Spiranthes cernua (2003).The impact of climatic, edaphic and grow in full sun, in well-drained sandy ditches besides physiographic factors on the population roads, where they get occasionally inundated with behaviour of selected temperate and tropical water. They don’t seem to mind the presence of weeds. orchids. In: Orchid Conservation. 159–182. They emit the smell of sweet clover and actually give a nectar reward. They flower within two years of seeding • Light, M.H.S., MacConaill, M. (2005). Long-term and Marilyn grew them successfully from Pro-Mix that studies: A case for orchid species survival. was suspected to have contained some protocorms! Selbyana 26: 174–188. Summarizing the conditions affecting emergence and flowering of Canadian orchid species: • Light, M.H.S., MacConaill, M. (2006). 1) Temperature eg Epipactis plus contributing Appearance and disappearance of a weedy environmental factors. orchid, Epipactis helleborine. Folia Geobotanica 2) Visual and or odour lures 41: 77–93. 3) The need for conservation of resources such as water and nutrients to ensure • Light, M.H.S., MacConaill, M. (2011). The role of survival common orchids in appreciating the complexity 4) Pollinator activity. of biodiversity conservation. Lankesteriana 11(3): 293—300. Re-introduction Concerns: -Choosing the proper source of the seed to effect re- introduction is important, since there are different eco- • Light, M.H.S., Sharma, J. (2010). Comparison of suggestions, contact me, Peter Poot at in situ germination the meeting or at of Pogonia [email protected] or by ophioglossoides (L.) phone at 905-640-5643. Ker Gawl. In the Northern and Southern parts of its range. The Windsor Orchid Society Show SOOS Native Orchid Display Ribbons Conference Journal 1st Place Ribbons 7 (2) 12—24. Rhynchorides Mem. Suranaree 'Synea' AM/AOS Synea Tan Paphiopedilum Julius, Synea Tan Cochleanthes amazonica 'Hof' X amazonica ‘C012-1’ SOOS 2018 Synea Tan Orchid Oncidium Wild Cat 'Bloodshot,' Synea Tan Laeliocattleya Portia, Joe O'Regan Show, Rhyncholaeliocattleya Déesse Charles, Lynda Satchwell February 10-11, 2018 Display by Laura Liebgott Our February 2018 annual orchid show Rosettes and sale is fast approaching, The Show Rhynchorides Mem. Suranaree 'Synea' AM/AOS, Synea committee will need the help of Tan Paphiopedilum Julius, Synea Tan everyone of you to put on this event. We Display, Laura Liebgott need the proceeds to help fund our nd monthly programs and to promote 2 Place Ribbons Epidendrum Pacific Sunsplash 'Big Bertha', Synea Tan orchid conservation. Laeliocattleya Portia, Joe O'Regan You can help by getting the word out to Cattleya labiata var coerulea Leslie Ee Dendrobium Golden Fantasy Synea Tan your friends and acquaintances about Maxillaria variabilis Jay Norris how wonderful a flower event this is. We Art Masdevallia Bella Donna 'Marsh Hollow' have posters and promo coupons to Kelvin Sue help you. 3rd Place Ribbons You can also help by signing up for one Phalaenopsis amabilis Synea Tan Cattleya trianae var concolor Leslie Ee or more of the many volunteer jobs Paphiopedilum St. Swithin Synea Tan needed to put on our show. The sign-up Brassolaeliocattleya Goldstone X Cattleya Chocolate sheets will be out at the coming Drop Joe O'Regan Paphiopedilum henryanum Leslie Ee meetings. Registered volunteers get Miltassia Charles M Fitch Joe O'Regan free show access and a chance to meet Dendrobium laevifolium Synea Tan Art Paphiopedilum Delaine Kelvin Sue the vendors as they are setting up on Dendrobium Gillieston Jazz 'Steven‘ Laura Liebgott the Friday before the show. Oncidium Lynda Satchwell Last but not least we need you to show Honourable Mention your flowering orchids and or your Paphiopedilum Conestoga 'Erika Lorinz' Leslie Ee orchid art. You can enter a display of your own or with your friends. Display application forms will be available at the coming meetings. You can also enter your plants into a special SOOS display. If you have any questions or Dendrobium lawesii lawesii ’Pink and White' x self ‘Madelyn’ HCC/AOS 77points Zephyrus Orchids Dendrobium lawesii lawesii ‘Pink and White' x self ‘Nicole’ AM/AOS 81 points Zephyrus Orchids Dendrobium lawesii lawesii ‘Pink and White' x self ‘Jordyn’ HCC/AOS 77 points Zephyrus Orchids Clowesetum Alexandra Savva ‘Pat’s Choice’ AM/AOS 81 points Pat Vuurman Toronto Judging Centre November 4, 2017. Catasetu Irma Scott (denticulatum x Louise Clarke)’ B-CII’ AM/AOS 80points Bernie Butts & Chuck Lefaive Clowesetum Jumbo Glory (Clowesia Rebecca Northen x Catasetum Bound for Glory) ‘B-C’ HCC/AOS 76points Bernie Butts & Chuck Lefaive Cycnoches Brown's Choice ( Richard Brandon x Swan Cascade) ‘B-C’ HCC/AOS 75points Bernie Butts & Chuck Lefaive

SOOS display at Essex County Show The next judging will be held Saturday, December 2 at the Toronto Botanical Gardens at 1 pm. AOS Judging is Essex County Orchid Show SOOS a service of the American Orchid Society and is open to st all! Bring us your flowering orchids, Display Ribbons1 Place Ribbons 1st Place Ribbons Display by Don Wyatt Plant of the month for November 2017 Brassocatanthe Little Mermaid ‘Janet’ Heinz Ernstberger Catasetum Ten Dragons Synea Tan, Best in class Dendrobium laevifolium Synea Tan Cochleanthes [Cnths.] amazonica Synea Tan Epidendrum Rose Valley ‘Caribbean Dream’, Synea Tan Bratonia Charles M. Fitch Joe O’Regan Paphiopedilum leucochilum x sib Synea Tan Phalaenopsis Pirate King Synea Tan Phragmipedium Acker's Starlight ‘Charlie Marcotte’ Synea Tan Rhyncholaelia Haw Yuan Gold Synea Tan Cattleya coccinea ‘ April Showers’ John Vermeer

2nd Place Ribbons Rhyncholaeliocattleya Hsinying Angel ‘Hsinying’ John Vermeer Bc. Hawaii Stars 'Hsinying' Synea Tan Cattleya maxima Joe O’Regan Rhyncholaeliocattleya Lisa Taylor Gallis Joe O’Regan Cattleya Jinn ‘Little Red Ridinghood’

3rd Place Ribbons Cattleya Summer Spot ‘Carmela’ ?????????? Paphiopedilum Recovery Joe O’Regan Rhyncholaeliocattleya Auburn Fire John Vermeer was Anne Antanaitis’s Cattleya Tokyo Life, a plant Rhyncholaeliocattleya Dream Circle, John Vermeer happily rewarding its owner with 8 flowers on two , five of which were still in bud. Alexsi told us that the plant did even better last year when it had 12 flowers! The flowers change colour as they age, but AOS Judging Results were an attractive white overlaid light red distally and Windsor Orchid Society Show, October 21, 2017 high-lighted with a deep red lip. She summers the plant Paphiopedilum sangii ‘Kai's Gift’ CCM/AOS 86 points out of doors and keeps it in a spot with lots of light in the Zephyrus Orchids winter. She varies the fertilizers, using kelp extract plus Tolumnia Jairak Firm Rainbow x Plush #35 MSU or other fertilizers. The plant is in an airy mix with AM/AOS 82 points Deb Boersma charcoal and Perlite. Well done Anne! Dendrobium lawesii lawesii ’Pink and White' x self AQ Zephyrus Orchids

.Crystal Star Orchids broker service with over 15 top orchid nurseries Summer Open House From June to August weekends only From 10 a.m. - 5 p.m. By appointment only Tel: 905-478-8398 or email : [email protected] 20815 2nd Concession Road East Gwillimbury Ontario L9N 0G9

Ching Hua Orchids, In Charm, Krull Smith, and Sunset Valley.

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Nov 5 2017 Show Table Ribbons

Class First Second Third Class 1 Cattleya Tokyo Life Cattleya Irene Teo Lai Kheng Cattleya Summer Spot Cattleya Alliance Anne Antanaitis Alexsi Antanaitis ’Carmela’ Bc. Hawaii Stars 'Hsinying' Synea John Vermeer Tan Catlianthe Tristar Bouquet C. Patricia DiCiommo (not John Barnes registered) ’JJ’ John Barnes Class 2 Paph leucochilum x sib Paph complex no I D Paph Rory Jones Paphiopedilium Synea Tan Stanley Luk Stanley Luk Paph In-Charm Cloud Phrag Acker’s Starlight ‘Charlie Stanley Luk Marcotte’ Synea Tan Class 3 Vanda Princess Mikassa Phal Princess Kaiulani Phalaenopis and Alex Antanaitis (amboinensis ‘flava’ Vanda Alliance x Phal violacea ‘alba’) Synea Tan Class 4 Oncostele Wildcat ‘Blood Oncidium and Shot’ related Synea Tan Class 5 Cym Sarah Jean Edna Langdale Cymbideae Connie Charlton Class 6 Den laevifolium Dendrobium Synea Tan Class 7 Cycnoches Anne Catherin All Others Bergen ‘SVO’ x Cyc warszewiczii ‘SVO’ Bernie & Chuck Class 9 Beautiful basket of orchids Baskets and Henry Glowka Displays

About SOOS Web site: www.soos.ca ; Member of the Canadian Orchid Congress; Affiliated with the American Orchid Society, the Orchid Digest and the International Phalaenopsis Alliance. Membership: Annual Dues $30 per calendar year (January 1 to December 31 ). Surcharge $15 for newsletter by postal service Membership secretary: Liz Mc Alpine, 189 Soudan Avenue, Toronto, ON M4S 1V5, phone 416-487-7832, renew or join on line at soos.ca/members. Executive: President, Laura Liebgott, 905-883-5290; Vice-President and Treasurer, John Vermeer, 905-823-2516; Secretary, Sue Loftus 905-839-8281; Other Positions of Responsibility: Program, Terry Kennedy; Plant Doctor, Doug Kennedy; Meeting Set up, Yvonne Schreiber; Vendor and Sales table coordinator, Diane Ryley; Library, Liz Mc Alpine ; Web Master, Max Wilson; Newsletter, Peter and Inge Poot; Annual Show, Peter Poot; Refreshments, Joe O’Regan. Conservation Committee, Tom Shields; Show table, Synea Tan, Cultural snapshots, Alexsi Antanaitis, Directors at large Marion Curry, Lynda Satchwell and Kevin Hushagen . Honorary Life Members: Terry Kennedy, Doug Kennedy, Inge Poot, Peter Poot, Joe O’Regan, Diane Ryley, Wayne Hingston.

Annual Show: February 10-11, 2018.