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Lankesteriana IV LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2): 153-155. 2007. WORKING TOGETHER FOR ORCHID CONSERVATION – – THE NATIONAL BOTANIC GARDENS, GLASNEVIN AND BELIZE BOTANIC GARDENS 1,3 2 2 BRENDAN SAYERS , HEATHER DUPLOOY & BRETT ADAMS 1 National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland 2 Belize Botanic Gardens, San Ignacio, Cayo, Belize, Central America 3 Author for correspondence: [email protected] KEY WORDS: Belize, collaboration, capacity building Introduction listed other than the former publication includes Cattleya skinneri Bateman and Oeceoclades macula- The National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin (NBGG) ta (Lindl.) Lindl., excludes Pleurothallis barbulata and the Belize Botanic Gardens (BBG) have been Lindl. and some nomenclature changes. Otherwise by involved in Belizean orchid research since 1997. Staff 2000 the list of species included for Belize totalled from NBGG had travelled to Belize on two prior occa- 279 species. For the purpose of this paper and various sions with the purpose of collecting living specimens statistics within, the authors accept that 279 is the fig- of orchids, bromeliads and cacti, along with seed of ure of the orchid flora in 2000. Further nomenclature other plants to add to the existing glasshouse collec- will follow the World Checklist of Monocotyledons tions at the Gardens. During the expedition of 1996 and any exceptions will be noted. the Glasnevin team met Ken duPlooy who had gath- ered a substantial orchid collection for what was to Additional knowledge of the orchid flora become Belize Botanic Gardens the following year. The 10 years of collaboration between the two gardens In 2001 the results of the almost yearly joint expe- has substantially increased the knowledge of Belize’s ditions had accumulated and were published in orchid flora and improved the capacity of BBG to Additions to the orchid flora of Belize, Central identify and cultivate the country’s native orchids. America (Sayers & duPlooy 2001) bringing the total orchid species recorded to 298. The additions includ- Knowledge of the orchid flora ed a recently described Pleurothallis, Pleurothallis duplooyi Luer & Sayers from a collection in the The knowledge of the orchid flora of Belize has Toledo District (Luer 2001). been amassed from many expeditions by various institutions, both native and foreign, over the last cen- The joint garden expeditions have concentrated on tury. The most comprehensive documents on the sub- this area as over 65% of Belize’s orchid species can ject include Orchids of Guatemala (Ames & Correll be found in this southernmost district. Not surprising- 1952), Supplement to Orchids of Guatemala and ly, the majority of the new records have occurred in British Honduras (Correll 1963), A new species and the Toledo district, especially around the not easily new records of Orchidaceae for Belize (Adams & accessed Little Quartz Ridge. Toledo’s orchid rich Cribb 1985), An annotated list of orchids of Belize forests are home to most of the recently published (Catling & Catling 1988) and Native orchids of Belize records like Cochleanthes flabelliformis (Sw.) R.E. (Adams et al. 1995). The latest publication to list the Schult., Cranichis muscosa Sw., Lepanthopsis orchids that occur in Belize is a Checklist of the vas- floripecten (Rchb.f.) Ames, Maxillaria cobanensis cular plants of Belize (Balick et al. 2000). This and Schltr., Macroclinium paniculatum (Ames & C. the Native orchids of Belize differ little in the species Schweinf.) Dodson, Platystele ovatilabia (Ames & C. RD 154 3 IOCC PROCEEDINGS Schweinf.) Garay, Pleurothallis deregularis (Barb. Sobralia has revealed a specimen of the S. Rodr.) Luer and Specklinia spectrilinugis (Rchb.f.) amparoana/bradeorum/warscewiczii complex col- Pridgeon & M.W. Chase (Sayers & duPlooy 2003). lected in the Stann Creek District. Recently we have verified Platystele pedicellaris Two other taxa worth a mention are a species of (Schltr.) Garay and Scaphosepalum microdactylum Pelexia and Scaphyglottis. The Pelexia was first Rolfe, both collected in the Columbia River Forest encountered in 1997, on the first visit to the Little Reserve of Toledo. Quartz Ridge area of the Southern Toledo District. Platystele pedicellaris (Schltr.) Garay, Orquideologia The rosette of deep purple leaves was collected but it 9 (2):120. 1974. Pleurothallis pedicellaris Schltr. failed to adapt easily to cultivation and did not thrive. Columbia River Forest Reserve, Toledo District; It was not until 2004 that the plant was successfully epiphytic in wet broadleaf forest, 24/1/2004, B. flowered and photographs and a specimen taken. Two Sayers 04/1241. names have been suggested, Pelexia callifera (C. Scaphosepalum microdactylum Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Schweinf.) Garay and Pelexia gutturosa (Rchb.f.) Inform. Kew. 1893: 335. Garay. The former has a distribution of northern Pueblo Viejo, Toledo District, epiphytic in wet South America whilst the latter is Central American. riverine forest, 16/4/1998, B. Sayers 98/590. The specimen has yet to be deposited in a suitable herbarium but we expect that the latter is the correct No less fascinating are the high altitude, quasi-mist name for the taxon. The other confusing species is the forests of Mount Margaret in the Cayo District, Scaphyglottis. Tentative efforts at identification have which, over the years has been the location for many placed it close to Scaphyglottis tenella L.O. Williams, of the new records such as Acianthera johnsonii a species recorded from Guatemala, Costa Rica, (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase, Dresslerella pow- Nicaragua and Panama. Again the specimen has yet ellii (Ames) Luer and Kegeliella atropilosa L.O. to be examined by someone with a familiarity for the Williams and A.H. Heller (Sayers & duPlooy 2003). genus, and it could possibly be undescribed (R. On the same small mountaintop we have recently col- Dressler, pers comm.). lected Dichaea trulla Rchb.f. and Stelis convallaria (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase. Distribution and conservation information Dichaea trulla Rchb.f., Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 104. Even though the distribution of Pelexia is taken into 1866. Epithecia trulla Schltr., Dichaeopsis trulla account for the tentative determination of the Schltr. unnamed specimen, Belize has a element of it’s flora Mount Margaret, Cayo District, epiphytic in quasi- that does not occurr in neighbouring countries. Native mist forest, 2/2/2004, B. Sayers 04/1250. orchids of Belize points to two species, Maxillaria Stelis convallaria (Schltr.) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase discolor (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Rchb.f. and Koellensteinia Lindleyana 16(4): 262 2001. Pleurothallis convallar- tricolor (Lindl.) Rchb.f. The former is found outside ia Schltr. Belize in Nicaragua, French Guyana, Guyana, Mount Margaret, Cayo District; epiphytic in quasi- Suriname, Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru and Brazil whilst mist forest, 1/2/2004, B. Sayers 04/1244. the latter in Guyana, Peru and Brazil. Certain of the new records show this disjunctive distribution. Herbarium specimens of orchids collected in Belize Outside of Belize, Dresslerella powellii (Ames) Luer are an additional source of information. Indeed when is only known to occur in Panama and Phloeophila we first encountered the leafless Campylocentrum peperomioides (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase only poeppigii (Rchb.f.) Rolfe we had no idea that a speci- in Costa Rica. It may be the case that further investi- men collected by William A. Schipp (Schipp 339) gations in neighbouring countries will reveal the pres- housed in Missouri existed. This specimen had ence of these species. escaped the attention of documenters of the orchid flora for many decades. Robert Dressler’s work on Similarly, exploration in Belize has proven wider LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2), marzo 2007. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2007. SAYERS et al. - Working together for orchid conservation 155 distributions of some orchids currently known to seismic testing and subsequent oil drilling in the occur in only certain districts. Upon each successive Sarstoon/Temash National Park. expedition to the northern districts of Corozal and The two Gardens, in their commitment to orchid Orange Walk, orchids previously not recorded for conservation will continue their field research in these districts are found indicating a need for further Belize. To assist in promoting the orchid flora among research. The NBGG and BBG have expanded the native Belizeans and the substantial amount of visi- knowledge of the Belizean orchid flora, not alone in tors to the country, they are producing a small format numbers but in quantity and location also. guide to some of the more notable species of orchids. To be effective, conservation efforts need to have Recent developments at NBGG has seen the estab- an information base – we need to know what needs to lishment of an orchid propagation laboratory where be conserved before we can make suitable efforts to seedlings will be germinated to bulk up ex situ collec- do so. The two gardens are dedicated to the conserva- tions and act as a source of material for the future. tion of Belize’s orchid flora not only in filling this need but plans are also being put in place to propa- gate sensitive species from seed. LITERATURE CITED: At first glance it would seem that Belize’s orchids Ames, O. & D.S. Correll. 1952. Orchids of Guatemala and would scarcely need protection. A huge portion of the Belize. Dover Publications, New York. country, 44% (1.2 million hectares) of land and sea Adams, B.R. & P.J. Cribb. 1985. A new species and new records of Orchidaceae for Belize. Kew Bull. 40 (3): are under protective status. Belize is also party to 635-642. International conservation conventions such as the Catling, P.M. & V.R. Catling. 1988. An annotated list of United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity orchids of Belize. Orquídea (Méx) 11: 85-102. and the Convention for International Trade in Luer, C.A. 2001. Miscellaneous new species in the Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora. However Pleurothallidinae Rev. Soc. Bol. Bot. 3 (1/2): 48 Santa there are significant threats ranging from individuals Cruz involved in exporting wild collected orchids to pri- Sayers, B.
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