NorCal Open Access Publications Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical trials Volume 2019 ; Issue 01 Mohiuddin AK
Mini Review Cosmetics’ Safety: Gray Areas with Darker Inside
Abdul Kader Mohiuddin* Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh. *Corresponding author: Abdul Kader Mohiuddin, Department of Pharmacy, World University of Bangladesh, 151/8, Green Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Tel: +8801716477485; Email: [email protected] Received: 30 July 2019; Accepted: 14 August 2019; Published: 29 August 2019
Abstract Cosmetic items contain a wide scope of chemicals assimilatedCosmetics in and the personalformulation care of products cosmetic are products ubiquitous. as to which we are exposed every day. All cosmetics were preservatives,Currently, an increasingfragrances, number surfactants, of compounds etc. to intensify are being the performance, quality, value, and lifespan of cosmetics. gel, shampoo, toothpaste, liquid soap, private soap, shaving Nevertheless, many of these chemical additives pose toxic separated into 3 classifications: rinse-off items (shower foam) leave-on items (body cream, face cream, hand cream, lethaleffects intoxication to the human [1]. body,Most cosmetic exhibiting products health risks are directly from a antiperspirant, sunscreen, post-shaving astringent) and appliedmild hypersensitivity on the skin and to their life-threatening ingredients anaphylaxiscan cross the or make-up ones (lipstick, lip-balm, foundation, nail polish). The utilization of a significant number of these substances purpose of this review is to discuss and project of various is permitted inside specific limits, because of their toxicity safetycutaneous issues barrier of widespread to reach the use systemic of personal circulation care products [2]. The effects.at higher In concentrations. the light of the continuousOther significant and close viewpoints nature oughtof the including cosmetics and toiletries. With continued consumer to be considered as, for example, the likelihood of long-term contact on skin and mucosa with these items, it is significant Additionally, the everyday use and continuous exposition concern and several recent cosmetic-related publicToklu health et.al, ofthat people they to don’t a wide contain scope conceivably of personal perilousconsideration substances. items reportedcontroversies, that morethe FDA than should 95% beof givencutaneous more complaints resources andare and to various types of chemicals, got from a few sources, broader authority to protect consumer safety [3]. related injuries did not consider any type of consultation [4]. burning and itching. Interestingly, 60% of the cosmetic- may cause the alleged “cocktail effect” because of the similarsynergistic ingredient interaction in numerous of various items. substances Actually, and, every likewise, one The condition is found in more than 50% of women and 40% ofthe the “added ingredients substance utilized effect” in incosmetic light of items the nearnessmeet certain of a of men, creating a sizable demand for products designed to regulatory prerequisites. Not with standing, the utilization minimize skin sensitivity [5,6]. Moreover, such effects are Fragrancedunderestimated ingredients because are ofwidespread the absence diffused of formalin cosmetic and reliable monitoring systems (‘cosmetovigilance’) [7]. of numerous substances is permitted inside specific limits, allergies and skin irritations [8]. The sales of skin lightening Keywords:because of their toxicityContact at higher Dermatitis; concentrations. Formaldehyde products but many of these may cause sensitizations,
Family; Safety Issues of Cosmetics; Sensitizations; Skin products increased 100% every year (2007-2012) in Releasers; Parabens; Personal Care Products; Phthalates Irritation. Malaysia. A Senegalese cohort study of 147 women showed Abbreviations: Botha statistically kojic acid significant and hydroquinone increase in theused risk as ofskin hypertension lighteners and diabetes linked to the use of skin-lightening agents [9]. ACD: Allergic Contact Dermatitis; NDELA: Fransway et.al, reported endocrine activity, carcinogenesis, N-nitrosodiethanolamine; PPD: P-Phenylenediamine; VOCs: cause dryness of skin, peeling, and contact dermatitis [10]. Volatile organic compounds 01 Citation: Mohiuddin AK (2019) Cosmetics’ Safety: Gray Areas with Darker Inside. J Pharmacol Clin Trials 2019: 75-80. infertility, spermatogenesis, adipogenesis, perinatal with undeclared formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers
For consumers allergic to formaldehyde and suffering from exposure impact, and non-allergologic cutaneous, anyon product kind of labels dermatitis, may have it detectableis very important levels of formaldehyde. to know the psychologic, and ecologic effects with parabens [11]. For this potential for formaldehyde exposure in order to avoid reason, many countries have banned the use of some Bilal et. womenparabens and in small personal children care from products using intended personal forcare newborns products al, discussed cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and children [12,13]. FDA dissuades pregnant/nursing neurotoxicity,allergic contact estrogenicity dermatitis (ACD) of many [30,31]. of However,these mentioned preservative) [14]. The sensitizing reactions with Vella et.al, reported presence of lead in containing chlorphenesin (anti-fungal and anti-bacterial Beautyingredients products [32]. used for cosmetic purposes can have Amidopropyl Dimethylamines (anti-static agent) was due to adversetoothpastes effects were to beyond human limit health of USdue and to EUthe standards fact that [33].they productsthe impurities are safe, like the 3,3-dimethylaminopropylamine FDA said. Moreover, the FDA [15]. is Two of the 16 main ingredients used in OTC sunblock Cosmetics contaminated with heavy metals can lead them to accumulatecontain Pb, in Cd the and skin, other while highly the further toxic heavy migration metals of these [34]. requesting more information on 12 ingredients among the16 Lipid[16]. Dry solvents skin often such occurs as acetone, in the alcoholselderly and and tends even to nonionic worsen Saadatzadeh et.al, reported that arsenic contents in association with the use of standard alkaline bar soaps. toxic elements to blood vessels can cause subsequent difficulties. surfactants can cause dryness of the skin [17]. The major Protectionof lipsticks, and eye Food shadows, Safety of and Germany) eyebrow standard pencils [35]. was concern regarding the biocide triclosan (commonlyLee et.al, reported used in Amongsignificantly the heavy higher metal than the impurities, BVL (Federal mercury, Office arsenic, of Consumer lead, thathousehold Triclosan and personalin toothpaste, care items soap, to preventand cosmetics the microbial may growth) is antibiotic resistance [18-20]. on thyroid hormones and genitalia, and increase the risk of cobalt, antimony, cadmium, nickel and chromium are highly accumulate in the body, which could have an adverse effect toxic and are banned in cosmetics to be added intentionally as ingredients in EU and US [36]. A recent survey showed developing breast cancer [21]. PregnantLi et.al, reported women that are that 80% of Indian men use fairness creams and number of particularly vulnerable to the potential risks of the endocrine users growing at a rate of 20% annually. There were no disruptors contained in cosmetics [2]. differences between women and men currently using maternal prenatal exposure to phenols (2,4-dichlorophenol indiscriminatelyproducts in their without desire to knowing look as thatfair steroidsas media take celebrities off the and 2,5-dichlorophenol) is inversely correlated withCrobeddu male [37]. People use steroid containing pimple creams et.al,birth weight and exposure to phthalates is associated with rays and environmental pollutants such as smog and preterm birth or pregnancy loss [22]. According to protective outer layer of the skin so it is more exposed to UV generally phthalates considered family as (used an forendocrine industrial disruptor plasticizers could to generally injected into the muscles of facial expression for impart flexibilityand durability to polyvinyl chloride) is reducingcigarette smokethe appearance [38]. In the of field facial of dermatology,wrinkles [39]. Botox Serious A is adverse events included dysphagia, respiratory compromise, potentially increase the risks to develop breast cancer [23]. A Missouri jury ordered Johnson & Johnson to pay $72 million to the family of Jacqueline Fox, whose death by artery,generalized necrotizing muscle fasciitis, weakness, sarcoidal marked granuloma, bilateral Fournier ptosis, ovarianPark cancer et.al, was reported linked that to her volatile daily useorganic of talcum-based compounds pseudoaneurysm of the frontal branch of the temporal Johnson’s Baby Powder and Shower to Shower products [24]. gangrene, and cervical kyphosis. Death was attributed to common(VOCs) and commercial phthalates plasticconcentrations products, of potentiallysanitary pads posing and inbotulism many cultures or anaphylactic of the world shock specially [40]. in Applying South Asia.Most kajal (also of diapers were significantly higher than those found in known as Kohl or Surma) to babies’ eyes is an old tradition [41]. In people with tattoos containing red pigment of the imidazolidinylrisks to women urea (them are likely known causing formaldehyde menstrual irregularities)releasers. The kajal brands contains lead as one its important ingredient and children who use [25]. Diazolidinyl urea and origin of mercuric sulfur (cinnabar-vermilion, Chinese red), data from FDA showed that 20% cosmetic products are they may experience inflammation that is limited to this formaldehyde-releasers and among them, imidazolidinyl unsaferegion withinlevels 6 ofmonths lead of[43]. tattooing Beauty [42]. salon Sindoor, workers a cosmetic and urea is the most widely used [26]. Chronic exposure to consumerspowder used suffered in Hindu such religious injuries and as eyecultural and nervousceremonies system has benzalkonium chloride has deleterious effects via oxidative stress, leading to Sukakulcholinergic et.al, neurotoxicity reported [27].that Sensitizationdespite the and rash as a result of using the straightener [44]. The ministerialregulationsto newer and lesser knownrestricting isothiazolinones their has beenuse, disorders, respiratory tract problems, chest pain, vomiting reported [28]. evaluatedpercutaneous in diffusion absorption cells using of excised N-nitrosodiethanolamine human skin [45]. Studiesmethylchloroisothiazolinone from Europe and Israel and/or have indicated methylisothiazolinone that products (NDELA), an impurity in many cosmetic products, has been are still found in cosmetics sold on the Thai market [29]. J Pharmacol Clin Trials 2019: 75-80. p-Phenylenediamine (PPD), which was used in more02 than Citation: Mohiuddin AK (2019) Cosmetics’ Safety: Gray Areas with Darker Inside. J Pharmacol Clin Trials 2019: 75-80.
8. pilot project in cosmetovigilance. Drug Saf 31: 433-436. 80% of permanent dyes, is frequently reported to cause vascular neuroedema, acute renal failure or bladder cancer Panico A, Serio F, Bagordo F, Grassi, T, Idolo, et al. (2019) Skin safety and health prevention: an overview of chemicals in cosmetic products. J Prev use[46]. of Qin cosmetic et.al, reported lenses isthat rapidly hair dye increasing. use increases Several the studies risk of 9. Med Hyg 60: E50-E57. havenon-Hodgkin’s reported anlymphoma, increased especially risk of infectious for females keratitis [47]. withOTC Mohiuddin AK (2019) Skin Lighteners & Hyperpigmentation Management. ASIO J Pharm Herbal Med Res 5: 01-42. keratitis is important to prevent vision loss [48]. Łodyga- 11.10. Mirza N (2015) Skin lightening hazards. The Daily Star. Chruścińskathe use of soft et.al, contact reported lenses. presence Prompt treatmentof lead and of microbialnickel in FranswayAF, Fransway PJ, Belsito DV, Yiannias JA (2019) Paraben regulation in Polish market [49]. The migration of cosmetic Toxicology. Dermatitis 30: 32-45. lipsticks and powders at level prohibited by European 12. Commission Regulation (EU) no. 1004/2014 of 18 September 2014 amending Annex V to Regulation (EC) no. 1223/2009 of the European products across the eyelid margin has been reported, and Parliament and of the Council on cosmetic products. Official J European symptoms of dry eye. Makeup application and allergic 13. Union. this is thought to exacerbate tear film instability and Strength. Adamson A (2019). Parabens: Harsh Cancer-Causing Chemicals. Rustic 14. reactions can cause significant eye injuries, and it’s important Conclusionto recognize what to avoid [50]. 15. Chlorphenesin as Used in Cosmetics (2011) Scientific Literature Review. Burnett CL, Boyer I, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, et al. (2019) Safety Several studies revealed that human exposure to heavy Assessment of Fatty Acid Amidopropyl Dimethylamines as Used in metals and many other potential toxins were not only Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 38: 39S-69S.
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J Pharmacol Clin Trials 2019: 75-80. 04