EXAMPLE of CAHIT BERKAY in the CONTEXT of TURKISH CINEMA Ayhan Dolunay1 Fevzi Kasap2 Hüseyin Kambur3
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Vol nº 02 | nº 01 | ISSN: 2675-7451 https://www.periodicojs.com.br/index.php/gei/index THE EFFECT, IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTIONS OF MUSIC IN CINEMA: EXAMPLE OF CAHIT BERKAY IN THE CONTEXT OF TURKISH CINEMA Ayhan Dolunay1 Fevzi Kasap2 Hüseyin Kambur3 Abstract: This study focuses on an Near East University Vocational School example of Cahit Berkay who has an of Health Services Year 2 students) important place in the context of film viewed; reactions of students, content music and the importance, effect and analysis technique a from qualitative and functions of music in the Turkish quantitative research methods, has been Cinema. Essentially of the study within measured within the framework of their the frame of literature review, music, responses through written opinion forms cinema, the relation between music and with predetermined structured questions. the field of arts, Turkish Cinema and Furthermore, a semi-structural interview music, also provides information relates technique used from qualitative research with Cahit Berkay in the context of methods, face to face interview music in Turkish cinema. The research performed with Cahit Berkay pre- part of the study, to measure the effects prepared open-ended questions; the of the soundtracks composed by Cahit collected data have been evaluated by Berkay, “Selvi Boylum ve Al content analysis method. Yazmalım” and “Çöpçüler Kralı” movies detected by sample for purpose, Keywords: Cinema, Music, Turkish versions separated from music with Cinema, Cahit Berkay, Selvi Boylum Al technical method and original music Yazmalım, Çöpçüler Kralı. versions interview group (limited to 1 Near East University, Vice Director of Graduate School of Social Sciences, Legal Advisor and Lecturer of Faculty of Communication, Members of Cyprus Turkish Bar Association and Communication Research Center, Assist. Prof. Dr., Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10 Turkey. [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-4500 2 Near East University, Vice Dean of Faculty of Communication, Head of Radio, TV and Cinema Department, Member of Communication Research Center, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10 Turkey. [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3965-3837 3 Music Masters Student, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10 Turkey, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000- 0002-0190-7603 449 Vol nº 02 | nº 01 | ISSN: 2675-7451 https://www.periodicojs.com.br/index.php/gei/index 1. INTRODUCTION Music is in a direct or indirect Performance of the art of relationship with emotions in every cinema with music is limited to the environment, and it often does this recent period in terms of history. without notice. In this context, music According to Provenzano's point of view determines what will be felt about what (2008: 5), the music composed for is seen by directing and increasing movies cannot be categorized and emotions. According to Konuralp counted as a different type of music, (2004), seeing and hearing are always since it cannot be considered separately functioning jointly, and this explains from the movies. In other words, cinema how music is seen as an integral part of soundtracks are specific to the movies the art of cinema. In cinema films, the for which they are made and are practice of music is constantly changing identified with them. According to and improving. The development of the another view, music has a unique feature cinema / music relationship in the world of transfer and is open to connotation. If cinema and its change over time was this feature is combined with visual reflected in the Turkish cinema culture, elements, a unity in emotional transfer is albeit with a delay. achieved (Burt, 1994: 10). Uni-dimensional 2. LITERATURE REVIEW demonstrations were also conducted 2.1. Conceptual Framework before movies and filmmaking, and In the study, information is music was used during these given first within the framework of demonstrations. Since then, the practice literature review on music, cinema, the has always been changing in the relation between music and cinema art combination of music and the visual, but branches, Turkish cinema and music, the aim has always been the same. The and in addition, in the context of music main point is to increase the effect of the in Turkish cinema, Cahit Berkay. In the message in the visual element and to research part of the study, in order to reveal its emotions. Music is a tool that measure the effects of soundtracks can create great changes in humans composed by Cahit Berkay, two versions emotionally, albeit in a short period of of the films "Selvi Boylum ve Al time, and this is a scientifically accepted Yazmalım" and "Çöpçüler Kralı", one fact (Doğan, 2009: iii). isolated from film musics with technical 450 Vol nº 02 | nº 01 | ISSN: 2675-7451 https://www.periodicojs.com.br/index.php/gei/index methods and the other with film musics, 4. What is the role of soundtrack in the were shown to the interview group correct transfer of emotions that the (related group was restricted to movie / scenes want to give? sophomore students of the Near East 5. What are the main factor(s) in the University Vocational School of Health success of the soundtrack composed Services). The responses of the interview by Cahit Berkay and the formation group were tried to be measured by using stages of the soundtrack? content analysis technique, which is one 6. How is it that soundtrack is more of the qualitative and quantitative prominent than film, and what is the research methods, within the framework place of the soundtrack composed of their responses through written by Cahit Berkay from this aspect? opinion forms containing pre- determined structured questions. 2.2. Turkish Cinema & Music In addition, face-to-face interviews were conducted with Cahit Cinema, which is one of the Berkay, using open-ended questions and indispensable industries of all countries, semi-structured interview technique, states and societies in the world, emerges which is one of the qualitative research as a structure which sees the production methods, and the data obtained were and presentation of domestic movies in evaluated by the content analysis Turkey for more than 70 years. Like the method. Hollywood of American cinema and Research questions are as follows: Bollywood of Indian cinema, Turkish 1. What is the place of music among cinema is also famous for Yeşilçam. the influencing elements (script, Although there are different approaches actors / acting, visual effects, etc.) in about why the name “Yeşilçam” is used, the movie? the most realistic and plausible approach 2. What is the importance and function is the name of the street where film of music in the movie? production companies and directors 3. Does the soundtrack have the operating in the cinema sector were function of transferring / located before the 1980s (Why is Turkish strengthening the emotions that the Cinema Called Yeşilçam?, 2019). movie / scenes want to give? 451 Vol nº 02 | nº 01 | ISSN: 2675-7451 https://www.periodicojs.com.br/index.php/gei/index The reason for the including Yılmaz Güney, in the popularization of cinematography in beginning period of Yeşilçam was that Turkey is that, while people in large they experienced identity problems in cities such as Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir the cinema sector which was developing could reach visual arts (plays, dramas) as Anatolia and the West. It was not easy easily, people living in rural areas could to appeal to both cultures and achieve a not watch this kind of daily pleasures. balance (Gümüşkemer, 2018: 6). Theater plays, folk tales, novels and Turkish cinema, just like other stories have been adapted to cinema world cinemas, has evolved and changed films and shown in rural areas, so that over time in line with both material and people in these regions could see these artistic concerns. At first, adaptation of cultures and have fun. Financial gains tales and stories attracted public were accepted as the reward for this attention. Keloğlan fairy tales, Tarkan, endeavor. Ayşecik and Magic Dwarves are films Turkish cinema is basically that have been created in this style. After divided into 3 parts. The first part this trend, comedy and drama films includes the period from the 1930s, appeared in the medium term. Kemal which was accepted as the beginning, to Sunal, Hülya Koçyiğit, Türkan Şoray, the end of the 2nd World War. Muhsin Edis Hun and many others left their Ertuğrul, who was a dominant marks on this period. Kemal Sunal, who personality in the early years of the played a role especially in current films, republic, is known as “One Man” in came to the fore in this period. On the Turkish Cinema with his own other hand, the movies of Zeki Alasya- adaptations. After the end of World War, Metin Akpınar pair broke box office the "Yeşilçam period" started as the main records. After this comedy and drama building block in Turkish cinema current, Turkish cinema, which was between 1950 and 1980. In the Yeşilçam distressed in material matters, drifted period, due to the absence of post-war towards a different path with increasing production in the world, producers chaos, economic troubles and murders in moved away from American and social life. With the advent of sexually European films, and there was a themed films, Aydemir Akbaş became tendency towards Egyptian films. One of the new “favorite performer” of the problems of the group of artists, Yeşilçam. On the other hand, the songs 452 Vol nº 02 | nº 01 | ISSN: 2675-7451 https://www.periodicojs.com.br/index.php/gei/index of famous names (Orhan Gencebay, the visualization of the scene. The main Ferdi Tayfur, İbrahim Tatlıses) were theme music in the movie Selvi Boylum turned into films that told the story of the Al Yazmalım is also still in the minds.