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Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement March 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 54 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 58 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 65 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 69 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2008 The Main National Leadership of the -
Science and Technology Policy Reforms in China - a Critical Assessment
Science and Technology Policy Reforms in China - A Critical Assessment ERIK BAARK and LIU SUYING The last decade has been a period of stock-taking and new adventures for Chinese policies regarding science and technology. After the new leader- ship had established itself in the late 1970s, and it looked back on the achievements and the mistakes of previous years, there was a strong feel- ing of frustration with the fact that levels of technology in China continued to lag behind advanced countries. To inject vitality into what seemed to be a dormant, but potentially powerful, science and technology (S&T)system required reforms which, in many respects, were more radical than any- thing of the past. We have witnessed a process where the results of research appeared for sale on a market, where scientists became engaged as ))moonlightingcccon- sultants, and where private research units have become fashionable. At the same time, however, these reforms have provided fascinating insights into the structural barriers which exist for technological innovation in modern Chinese society. In many respects, the exposure of such barriers provides crucial clues to the formulation of better S&T policies in China. With this paper we hope to contribute to a critical assessment of the re- forms. We are concerned with the political support of the S&T policy re- forms. The S&T system established after 1949 on the basis of a Soviet model appears to have recovered quickly after the alledgedly shattering onslaughts of ideological anti-intellectualism during the Cultural Revolu- tion. The scientists had barely drawn a sigh of relief before new, ))market- orientedc forces were let loose on them in the 1980s. -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
3/2006 Data Supplement PR China Hong Kong SAR Macau SAR Taiwan CHINA aktuell Journal of Current Chinese Affairs Data Supplement People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax:(040)4107945 Contributors: Uwe Kotzel Dr. Liu Jen-Kai Christine Reinking Dr. Günter Schucher Dr. Margot Schüller Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 3 The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 22 Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership LIU JEN-KAI 27 PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries LIU JEN-KAI 30 PRC Laws and Regulations LIU JEN-KAI 34 Hong Kong SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 36 Macau SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 39 Taiwan Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 41 Bibliography of Articles on the PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, and on Taiwan UWE KOTZEL / LIU JEN-KAI / CHRISTINE REINKING / GÜNTER SCHUCHER 43 CHINA aktuell Data Supplement - 3 - 3/2006 Dep.Dir.: CHINESE COMMUNIST Li Jianhua 03/07 PARTY Li Zhiyong 05/07 The Main National Ouyang Song 05/08 Shen Yueyue (f) CCa 03/01 Leadership of the Sun Xiaoqun 00/08 Wang Dongming 02/10 CCP CC General Secretary Zhang Bolin (exec.) 98/03 PRC Hu Jintao 02/11 Zhao Hongzhu (exec.) 00/10 Zhao Zongnai 00/10 Liu Jen-Kai POLITBURO Sec.-Gen.: Li Zhiyong 01/03 Standing Committee Members Propaganda (Publicity) Department Hu Jintao 92/10 Dir.: Liu Yunshan PBm CCSm 02/10 Huang Ju 02/11 -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement May 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC .......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 44 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 45 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 52 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 May 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC -
Mizuho China Business Express Economic Journal (No
July 19, 2016 Mizuho Bank (China), Ltd. Corporate Banking Coordination Division ―The macroeconomy― Mizuho China Business Express Economic Journal (No. 58) Summary China’s real GDP (gross domestic product) grew by 6.7% y-o-y in April–June, the same level as January–March. June’s economic indicators were mixed, with some up slightly and some down slightly on May. If moves to eliminate overcapacity and other structural reforms accelerate from the 2H onwards, this will place more downward pressure on the economy. The question is whether China will be able to promote structural reform while maintaining jobs and growth. 1. June’s economic indicators deteriorated slightly on the whole ・ Growth hit +6.7% in April–June too ・ Investment fell slightly ・ Retail sales of consumer goods accelerated slightly ・ Property prices continued to grow at a slower pace in first-tier cities ・ Exports and imports both fell ・ The CPI growth rate slowed, mainly due to stable vegetable prices ・ There was a net increase in new loans, with total social financing also increasing 2. Movement on the employment and earnings environment and to eliminate overcapacity ・ ‘China faces challenges in maintaining household income growth’ (National Bureau of Statistics) ・ ‘Strict penalties will be applied for failure to reach targets for eliminating overcapacity’ (National Development and Reform Commission) - 1 - 1. June’s economic indicators deteriorated slightly on the whole ・Growth hit +6.7% in April–June too On July 15, the National Bureau of Statistics announced that China’s real GDP (gross domestic product) had grown by 6.7% on the same period last year (all figures from here on refer to ‘same-period previous-year’ growth unless otherwise specified) in both January–June and April–June1. -
The Impact of China's 1989 Tiananmen Massacre
The Impact of China’s 1989 Tiananmen Massacre The 1989 pro-democracy movement in China constituted a huge challenge to the survival of the Chinese communist state, and the efforts of the Chinese Communist party to erase the memory of the massacre testify to its importance. This consisted of six weeks of massive pro-democracy demonstrations in Beijing and over 300 other cities, led by students, who in Beijing engaged in a hunger strike which drew wide public support. Their actions provoked repression from the regime, which – after internal debate – decided to suppress the movement with force, leading to a still-unknown number of deaths in Beijing and a period of heightened repression throughout the country. This book assesses the impact of the movement, and of the ensuing repression, on the political evolution of the People’s Republic of China. The book discusses what lessons the leadership learned from the events of 1989, in particular whether these events consolidated authoritarian government or facilitated its adaptation towards a new flexibility which may, in time, lead to the transformation of the regime. It also examines the impact of 1989 on the pro-democracy movement, assessing whether its change of strategy since has consolidated the movement, or if, given the regime’s success in achieving economic growth and raising living standards, it has become increasingly irrelevant. It also examines how the repression of the movement has affected the economic policy of the Party, favoring the development of large State Enterprises and provoking an impressive social polarisation. Finally, Jean-Philippe Béja discusses how the events of 1989 are remembered and have affected China’s international relations and diplomacy; how human rights, law enforcement, policing, and liberal thought have developed over two decades. -
党和国家领导人重视民间外交工作 Party and State Leaders Attach Importance to People-To-People Diplomacy
fmfd-c5.indd 1 11-3-29 上午8:46 党和国家领导人重视民间外交工作 Party and State Leaders Attach Importance to People-to-people Diplomacy 寄希望于人民。 如果只有两国政府的合作 用民间外交的办法，不管 发展民间外交，有利于增 Hopes are placed on the people. 而没有民间交往，两国关系是 从历史上看，还是从现在看， 进各国人民的友谊，有利于促 不可能有扎实基础的。 都有非常重要的作用。 进各国经济、文化的交流和合 State relations would lack a solid China’s people-to-people diplomacy, 作，有利于为国家关系的发展 foundation if there were only governmental whether viewed from a historical cooperation but no people-to-people perspective or from the present, has 奠定广泛的社会群众基础。 contacts. played a very important role. To develop people-to-people diplomacy helps enhance friendship between the peoples, promote economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation among the countries and lay a broad social mass foundation for the development of state relations. 2-p1-11-s5.indd 1 11-3-29 上午8:47 前 言 中国人民对外友好协会成立于 1954 年 5 月，它是中华人民共和国 从事民间外交事业的全国性人民团体，以增进人民友谊、推动国际合 作、维护世界和平、促进共同发展为工作宗旨。它代表中国人民同各国 对华友好的团体和各界人士进行友好交往，在世界舞台上为中国人民的 正义事业争取国际同情，努力为国家总体外交、祖国建设与和平统一、 世界和谐服务。目前，我会与全国 300 多个地方友协密切合作，与世界 上 157 个国家的近 500 个民间团体和机构建立了友好合作关系，是沟通 中国人民和世界人民友谊的桥梁。 Foreword The Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries was established in May 1954. It is a national people’s organization engaged in people-to-people diplomacy of the People’s Republic of China. The aims of the Association are to enhance people-to-people friendship, further international cooperation, safeguard world peace, and promote common development. On behalf of the Chinese people, it makes friendly contacts with China-friendly organizations and personages of various circles in other countries, strives to gain international support for the just cause of the Chinese people on the world arena, and works in the interests of China’s total diplomacy, national construction and peaceful reunification and world harmony. -
Honorary Doctor of Science Prof ZHOU Guangzhao
Honorary Doctor of Science Prof ZHOU Guangzhao Chairman: Our first guest is a renowned physicist and a former President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Born in Changsha, Hunan Province, Prof Zhou Guangzhao read physics at Tsinghua University in Beijing, and then went on to Peking University for his graduate studies. Having taught at Peking University as a lecturer in physics for three years, he went to Moscow as a researcher at Dubra Joint Nuclear Research Institute in the former Soviet Union in 1957. During his stay in the Soviet Union, he began to publish articles in professional journals that won him international recognition. Upon his return to China in 1961, he was in charge of the Theoretical Department of the Nuclear Weapon Research Institute under the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. His research on the application of nuclear energy produced many significant results that contributed to the design and theoretical study of nuclear weapons and laid the ground work for the successful production of China’s first atomic and hydrogen bombs. In 1964, he was appointed Director of Nuclear Weapon Research Institute and then the Chief Engineer of the Ninth Bureau of China’s Ministry of Nuclear Industry. In 1982, Prof Zhou received the highest National Award for Natural Sciences in recognition of his pioneer work and important contributions in developing China’s nuclear weapons. In 1979, Prof Zhou became a fellow of the Institute of Theoretical Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was invited to visit the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the United States in 1980 and the Centre for Nuclear Research in Europe in 1981. -
The CCP Central Committee's Leading Small Groups Alice Miller
Miller, China Leadership Monitor, No. 26 The CCP Central Committee’s Leading Small Groups Alice Miller For several decades, the Chinese leadership has used informal bodies called “leading small groups” to advise the Party Politburo on policy and to coordinate implementation of policy decisions made by the Politburo and supervised by the Secretariat. Because these groups deal with sensitive leadership processes, PRC media refer to them very rarely, and almost never publicize lists of their members on a current basis. Even the limited accessible view of these groups and their evolution, however, offers insight into the structure of power and working relationships of the top Party leadership under Hu Jintao. A listing of the Central Committee “leading groups” (lingdao xiaozu 领导小组), or just “small groups” (xiaozu 小组), that are directly subordinate to the Party Secretariat and report to the Politburo and its Standing Committee and their members is appended to this article. First created in 1958, these groups are never incorporated into publicly available charts or explanations of Party institutions on a current basis. PRC media occasionally refer to them in the course of reporting on leadership policy processes, and they sometimes mention a leader’s membership in one of them. The only instance in the entire post-Mao era in which PRC media listed the current members of any of these groups was on 2003, when the PRC-controlled Hong Kong newspaper Wen Wei Po publicized a membership list of the Central Committee Taiwan Work Leading Small Group. (Wen Wei Po, 26 December 2003) This has meant that even basic insight into these groups’ current roles and their membership requires painstaking compilation of the occasional references to them in PRC media. -
Schriftsteller, Redakteur, Philologe Bibliographie : Autor 1904 Zabel, Eugen
Report Title - p. 1 of 707 Report Title Zabel, Eugen (Königsberg, Ostpreussen 1851-1924 Berlin) : Schriftsteller, Redakteur, Philologe Bibliographie : Autor 1904 Zabel, Eugen. Auf der sibirischen Bahn nach China. (Berlin : Allgemeiner Verein für Deutsche Literatur, 1904). https://archive.org/stream/aufdersibirisch00zabegoog#page/n9/mode/2up. [WC] Zabel, Rudolf = Zabel, Carl Hugo Rudolf (Wollin, Sachsen 1876-1939 Berlin) : Journalist Vossische Zeitung, Ostaiatischer Lloy Shanghai, Schriftsteller, Forschungsreisender Bibliographie : Autor 1902 Zabel, Rudolf. Deutschland in China. (Leipzig : G. Wigand, 1902). [WC] 1902 Zabel, Rudolf. Die deutsche China-Expedition von 1897. (Leipzig : G. Wigand, 1902) = (Bremen : Europäischer Hochschul-Verlag, 2011). [WC] 1902 Zabel, Rudolf. Durch die Mandschurei und Sibirien : Reisen und Studien. Mit 146 Abbildungen, zumeist nach photographischen Aufnahmen des Verfassers, teilweise gezeichnet von C. Arriens, und dem Portät des Verfassers. (Leipzig : G. Wigand, 1902). Zach, Erwin von = Zach, Erwin Ritter von (Wien 1872-1942 westlich von Sumatra, auf dem Weg nach Ceylon, als das Schiff durch Japan torpediert wird) : Diplomat, Sinologe Biographie 1890-1895 Erwin von Zach studiert Medizin und Naturwissenschaften an der Universität Wien. Nebenbei beschäftigt er sich mit Mathematik und Chinesisch. [Umas,Wal 8] 1895-1897 Erwin von Zach studiert Chinesisch, Tibetisch und Mandschu an der Universität Leiden. [Umas] 1897 Erwin von Zach geht nach London um das Qualifikations-Examen für den Dienst der Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs in Beijing zu erlangen. [Leh,Umas] 1897-1900 Erwin von Zach ist im Dienst der Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs, zuerst in Beijing dann in Shantou (Jiangxi). [Leh,Wal 8] 1900-1902 Erwin von Zach ist Dolmetscher am österreichisch-ungarischen Konsulat in Beijing. [Hof,Wal 8] 1902 Erwin von Zach wird Konsularattaché am österreichisch-ungarischen Konsulat in Beijing. -
China Data Supplement January 2007
China Data Supplement January 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 55 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 57 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 62 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 69 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 73 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 January 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member BoD Board of Directors Cdr. Commander CEO Chief Executive Officer Chp. Chairperson COO Chief Operating Officer CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep.Cdr. Deputy Commander Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson Hon.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com. -
W020131022673709863254.Pdf
COVER The caterpillar fungus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis (best known as Cordyceps sinensis), infects ghost moth larvae in the Tibetan Plateau alpine ecosystems. The fungus then erupts from the dead insect head to produce sexual fruiting bodies. The fungus-insect complex, called “winter worm, summer grass” in Chinese, has been used for centuries as a highly-valued traditional Chinese medicine. The failure to artificially culture the sexual fruiting body and overharvesting due to the huge market demand have propelled the fungus towards extinction. The biology of this fungus largely remains unknown, including how it infects the insect hosts and the details of its sexual life cycle in the field. How the fungus survives the extreme cold winter in Tibetan Plateau is also a mystery. Genome analysis indicated that the caterpillar fungus is sexually self-fertile, but its sexual stage is only inducible by the appropriate, yet unknown, environmental factors. Relative to other insect fungal pathogens, the fungus has evolved an extremely large genome but with fewer genes for its specialized lifestyle. Fungal adaptation to extreme cold is putatively associated with mechanisms for increasing lipid accumulation and fatty acid unsaturation as well as enhanced function of antifreeze proteins (see the article by HU Xiao et al. on page 2846). Volume 58 Number 23 August 2013 Journal Ownership by Science China Press; Copyright of Articles: © The Author(s) 2013 Journal’s Policy for Open Access All articles published in the journal Chinese Science Bulletin are subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/). Publishing an article with open access leaves the copyright with the author and allows user to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited.