A Survey of a Survey of Race Relations in South Africa
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A SURVEY OF A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA 1966 Compiled by MURIEL HORRELL Research Officer South African Institute of Race Relations I SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS P.O. BOX 97 JANUARY, 1967 JOHANNESBURG ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer would like to express her sincere gratitude to all those who helped in the preparation of this Survey, in particular to Mr. Quintin Whyte, who read the major portion of the manuscript and made valuable suggestions for its improvement. Others were kind enough to comment on sections of the typescript: they included Miss Margaret Marshall and Mr. Antony Scott. Many people gave most generous help in contributing material, supplying information, or replying to questions. Among them were Members of Parliament of various parties, officials of numerous Government and Municipal Departments (including those in the Transkei), the Registrars of the Universities and University Colleges and of the M. L. Sultan Technical College, the Ven. E. Arden, the Athlone Advice Office, Mr. F. E. Auerbach, Prof. H. I. Behrmann, the Rt. Rev. E. Crowther, the Diamond Fields Advertiser, Mrs. B. Israel, the Johannesburg Legal Aid Bureau, Mr. Peter R. Randall, Mrs. Jean Sinclair, Mr. G. W. Tabor, and the library of the University of the Witwatersrand. Any publication of the Institute of Race Relations represents a team effort. Particular thanks are due to Mrs. A. Honeywill, who put in much overtime seeing the manuscript through the Press; but a very great deal of help was given, too, by the Institute's administrative, clerical, and library staff at Head Office, and by members of staff of Regional Offices. The writer's thanks are extended, too, to the printers, the Natal Witness (Pty) Ltd. NOTES Period covered This Survey is stated to be for the year 1966. As it was wished to have it published in January 1967, however, it was impossible to include mention of events that occurred during the closing weeks of the year. This will be done in the next issue. Dates All dates mentioned refer to the year 1966 unless otherwise stated. Printed by THE NATAL WITNESS (PTY) LTD., Pietermaritzburg CONTENTS Page POLITICAL PARTY DEVELOPMENTS Policies of parties entitled to contest the general elections: Nationalist Party (1), Extreme Right-Wing Parties (2), United Party (2), Progressive Party (3), Liberal Party (4), The Front (4). The electorate ... .... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... 4 Results of the general election .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... 5 Tensions within the Nationalist Party .. ................... 7 The death of Dr. Verwoerd ......................... 9 The new Prime Minister ............ ............... 10 Reported reformulation of United Party policy ............. 11 THE CONTROVERSY OVER "MIXED POLITICS" Existing representatives of Coloured voters ................. 12 Decision of the Progressive Party to contest the Coloured seats in the Assembly .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... ... 13 Prohibition of Improper Intereference Bill ................. 13 Protests against the Bill ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... ... 16 Introduction of the Bill in Parliament .................... 17 Decision to refer the Bill to a Select Committee ............. 18 The Prime Minister's views on the future of Coloured representation ... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... ... 18 Separate Representation of Voters Act, No. 34 of 1966 ...... 19 Composition of the Select Committee .................... 20 NON-WHITE POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS Council for Coloured Affairs ... ....... ... .... ... .... ... 21 Plans for a Coloured Persons' Representative Council .......... 21 Federal Party ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... 22 Labour Party of South Africa ... .... ... ....... ... .... ... 22 Coloured People's Political Party ....... ... .... ... .... ... 23 Mr. Graham Eden's motion in the Assembly ............... 23 South African Indian Council ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 23 A fricans ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... 24 ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH RACE RELATIONS The Churches: Joint Pastoral Letter issued by the Southern African Catholic Bishops' Conference ... ....... ... .... ... .... ... 25 Church of the Province of South Africa ................ 26 Methodist Church .............. ............. .....26 The Christian Council of South Africa ................. 26 The Christian Institute of Southern Africa ............. 28 Decisions of the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk ......... 29 The Anglican Bishop of Zululand .................... 30 A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS, 1966 South African Institute of Race Relations: Council meetings (31), Refusal by the S.A.B.C. of the Institute's request to broadcast impressions of the Council meetings (31), Attacks on the Institute's President by the S.A.B.C. (32), Banning order served on the Institute's Field Officer (33), The Institute's appeal to the Press Board of Reference (34), Travelling exhibition (34), Director's Visit to the United States (34), Other activities (34). South African Bureau of Racial Affairs .................... T he Black Sash ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS Change in the constitution of NUSAS .................. Threats to NUSAS and to multi-racial activities (to April 1966) ... The banning of Mr. Ian Robertson ....................... Interview granted to student leaders by the Minister of Justice ... Debate in Parliament ... ....... ....... ... Abandonment of proposed discussions between A SB .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... ... NUSAS congress ... ....... ... .... ... ... Congress of the ASB ... ....... ....... ... Federation of University Engineering Students Universities Amendment Bill ............ Extension of University Amendment Bill ...... Voluntary service by students ............. NUSAS and the ... ... ... ... 43 ... ... ... ... 44 ... ... ... ... 44 ... ... ... ... 45 ... ... ... ... 45 ... ... ... ... 47 ... ... .1.. ... 48 SECURITY MEASURES The South African Defence Force ................ O il supplies ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Civil Defence Act, No. 39 of 1966 ........... ... Radio Amendment Bill ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Suppression of Communism Further Amendment Bill ... Infiltration of trained saboteurs ....... ... ....... ... General Law Amendment Act, No. 62 of 1966 ...... RESERVATION OF SEPARATE AMENITIES AMENDMENT BILL ... CONTROL OF PUBLICATIONS, AND THE S.A. BROADCASTING CORPORATION Banning of publications ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... "Current Affairs" programme of the S.A.B.C ................. CONTROL OF PERSONS Rights of arrested persons .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Continued detention of Mr. R. M. Sobukwe ............... Banishment of Africans ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Emergency regulations in the Transkei ... ............... Banning orders and orders of house arrest: Numbers involved (66), Some of the people banned (67), Prosecutions for failure to comply with terms of banning orders (69), General statements on bannings and detentions (70). Travel documents .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... 49 ... ... 50 ... ... 50 51 ... ... 51 ... ... 53 ... ... 55 57 CONTENTS v POLITICAL TRIALS, AND DETENTION UNDER THE "180-DAY" CLAUSE Numbers of political prisoners .... ... .... ... .... ... ....... 74 Release from gaol of ex-students ........ ............. 75 Some successful appeals .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... 76 The "180-day" clause ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... 76 Numbers detained ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... ... 77 Some cases in which detainees were called upon to give evidence: Trial of Mr. Abraham Fischer (77), Mr. Fred Carneson and Mr. Zollie Malindi (78), Mr. Isaac Heymann and Mr. Michael Dingaka (79), Mrs. V. Weinberg and Miss C. Gama (81), Mrs. V. Weinberg and Mrs. L. Schermbrucker (81), Messrs. R. Aronstein, V. Finkelstein, and D. Ernst (81), Mr. M. D. Naidoo (83), Some trials that were not of a political nature (83). Complaints of ill-treatment by detainees ................... 84 Payments made to detainees ... ... ... ... ... ... 86 Alleged plot to kill Paramount Chief Matanzima ............ 86 Trials in the Eastern Cape: Numbers involved (87), Types of cases (87), Some comments on the trials (89), Successful appeals (90) Some other political trials .... ... ....... ... .... ... ...... 90 OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO JUSTICE Some criminal statistics .......................... 92 Assaults by or upon policemen ......................... 92 Cases arising from allegations in the Press about conditions in prisons ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... ... 93 Further reports on conditions in prisons .................... 94 Concert and exhibition by prisoners ....................... 96 Trials of Africans for influx control offences ............... 96 Community guards in African townships .................... 97 African juvenile delinquents .... ... ....... ............. 97 South African Defence and Aid Fund: The work of the fund (97), Banning of the fund (98), Applications made by the fund to the courts (99). Overseas Defence and Aid fund ........................... 100 Legal Aid: Voluntary bureaux (100), The Government's legal aid scheme (101), Some criticisms of this scheme (102), New Government scheme for assisting persons accused of offences with a political background (102), Some recommendations for improving the system of legal aid (103). FOREIGN AFFAIRS Consideration by the United Nations of South Africa's racial policies: Membership of the United Nations