Enhancing Security and Stability in Afghanistan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Enhancing Security and Stability in Afghanistan ENHANCING SECURITY AND STABILITY IN December 2016 (This page left intentionally blank) Enhancing Security and Stability in Afghanistan December 2016 Report to Congress In Accordance With Section 1225 of the Carl Levin and Howard P. “Buck” McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (P.L. 113-291), as amended. Preparation of this report cost the Department of Defense a total of approximately $234,000 in Fiscal Years 2016 and 2017. This includes $22,000 in expenses and $211,000 in labor. Generated on November 3, 2016 Ref ID: 5-C4C5E62 This report is submitted in accordance with Section 1225 of the Carl Levin and Howard P. “Buck” McKeon National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 (P.L. 113-291) as amended by Sections 1213 and 1531 of the NDAA for FY 2016 (P.L. 114-92). This report includes a description of the strategy of the United States for enhancing security and stability in Afghanistan, a current and anticipated threat assessment, as well as a description and assessment of the size, structure, strategy, budget, and financing of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces. This report is the fourth in a series of reports required semi- annually through calendar year 2017, and it was prepared in coordination with the Secretary of State. This report describes efforts to enhance security and stability in Afghanistan from June 1 through November 30, 2016. This report complements other reports and information about Afghanistan provided to Congress, and is not intended to be the single source of all information about the combined efforts or the future strategy of the United States, its coalition partners, or Afghanistan. A classified annex accompanies this report. The next report will include an analysis of efforts to enhance security and stability in Afghanistan from December 1, 2016, to May 31, 2017. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 1 Section 1 – Strategy and Objectives ............................................................................................... 7 1.1 U.S. Strategy in Afghanistan ................................................................................................. 7 1.2 U.S. Objectives in Afghanistan ............................................................................................. 8 1.3 U.S. Counterterrorism Mission ............................................................................................. 9 1.4 NATO-led Resolute Support Mission ................................................................................. 10 1.5 Indicators of Effectiveness .................................................................................................. 17 Section 2 – Threat Assessment ..................................................................................................... 20 2.1 Importance of Afghanistan-Pakistan Relations ................................................................... 20 2.2 Current Security Conditions ................................................................................................ 21 2.3 Anticipated Security Conditions ......................................................................................... 29 Section 3 – Overview of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces ............................... 31 3.1 Strategy................................................................................................................................ 31 3.2 Budget ................................................................................................................................. 32 3.3 Force Size and Structure ..................................................................................................... 33 3.4 Capabilities .......................................................................................................................... 35 3.5 Assessment .......................................................................................................................... 38 Section 4 – Ministry of Defense and Afghan National Army ...................................................... 40 4.1 Ministry of Defense ............................................................................................................. 40 4.2 Afghan National Army ........................................................................................................ 50 Section 5 – Ministry of Interior and Afghan National Police ....................................................... 70 5.1 Ministry of Interior .............................................................................................................. 70 5.2 Afghan National Police ....................................................................................................... 78 Section 6 – Financing the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces ................................... 87 6.1 Holding the Afghan Ministries Accountable ...................................................................... 87 6.2 U.S. Contributions ............................................................................................................... 88 6.3 International Contributions ................................................................................................. 88 6.4 Afghan Government Contributions ..................................................................................... 89 Annex A – Indicators of Effectiveness for the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Interior 92 Annex B – Acronyms.................................................................................................................... 97 I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) have shown promising but inconsistent progress as they near the end of their third year in the lead for security of their country and the second year maintaining full security responsibility with limited U.S. or coalition support on the battlefield. During the June 1 to November 30, 2016, reporting period, the ANDSF effectively executed their 2016 summer campaign plan, Operation Shafaq; capability gaps in key areas such as intelligence, aviation, and logistics are improving but still hinder effectiveness. The ANDSF retained control of major population areas and quickly responded to and reversed any Taliban gains. The United States currently maintains a force posture of up to 9,800 military personnel in Afghanistan.1 Based on an assessment of the security conditions and the strength of Afghan forces, President Obama announced on July 6, 2016, that the United States will draw down to approximately 8,400 military personnel by January 2017, rather than to 5,500 military personnel as he previously announced in October 2015. The force presence of 8,400 military personnel will allow United States Forces – Afghanistan (USFOR-A) to continue to conduct two well- defined and complementary missions: supporting counterterrorism operations against the remnants of al Qaeda, its associates, and other terrorist groups such as the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)2 affiliate in the Afghanistan and Pakistan region, ISIL – Khorasan (ISIL-K); and training, advising, and assisting the ANDSF through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-led Resolute Support (RS) mission. The President’s July 2016 decision reaffirms the U.S. Government’s enduring commitment to the ANDSF, to the Afghan Government, and most importantly to the Afghan people. The decision also recognizes that the ANDSF will require more time and assistance to develop into an effective, sustainable, and affordable force that can protect the Afghan people and contribute to regional and international security. During this reporting period, 39 NATO Allies and partner nations and the broader international community also reaffirmed their commitment to enhancing security and stability in Afghanistan. This commitment includes continued support to the RS mission both through continued financial contributions to the ANDSF as well as to economic development announced at the NATO Summit in Warsaw in July and the Brussels Conference on Afghanistan in October 2016 respectively. THREAT ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY CONDITIONS The ANDSF continue to face a resilient insurgency and a myriad of terrorist and criminal networks; however, the Afghan Government remains in control of all major population centers and key lines of communication. The Taliban did not achieve any of the stated campaign objectives of its 2016 summer campaign, Operation Omari. Taliban territorial gains during this reporting period were fleeting, as the ANDSF consistently retook district centers and population 1 Per the reporting requirement outlined in section 1213 of the NDAA for FY 2016, this report does not contain an assessment of the risks to the mission in Afghanistan of such a drawdown, because there was no drawdown of U.S. forces during this reporting period. 2 ISIL is also known by its Arabic name “Daesh” or as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. 1 areas within days of a loss. Although security conditions vary across the provinces, the Taliban have exploited their localized and temporary successes by portraying these events as major strategic shifts through the use of social media and other public information campaigns. Consistent with historical trends, overall levels of violence increased during the traditional 2016 spring and summer fighting
Recommended publications
  • Afghanistan: the Situation of Christian Converts
    +*-/ !"#)$./) # .$/0/$*)*!#-$./$)*)1 -/. 7 April 2021 © Landinfo 2021 The material in this report is covered by copyright law. Any reproduction or publication of this report or any extract thereof other than as permitted by current Norwegian copyright law requires the explicit written consent of Landinfo. For information on all of the reports published by Landinfo, please contact: Landinfo Country of Origin Information Centre Storgata 33 A P.O. Box 2098 Vika NO-0125 Oslo Tel.: (+47) 23 30 94 70 Ema il: [email protected] www.landinfo.no *0/ )$)!*ҁ. - +*-/. The Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo, is an independent body within the Norwegian Immigration Authorities. Landinfo provides country of origin information (COI) to the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (Utlendingsdirektoratet – UDI), the Immigration Appeals Board (Utlendingsnemnda – UNE) and the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security. Reports produced by Landinfo are based on information from carefully selected sources. The informa tion is collected a nd analysed in accordance with common methodology for processing COI and Landinfo’s internal guidelines on source and information analysis. To ensure balanced reports, efforts are made to obtain information from a wide range of sources. Many of our reports draw on findings and interviews conducted on fact-finding missions. All sources used are referenced. Sources hesitant to provide information to be cited in a public report have retained anonymity. The reports do not provide exhaustive overviews of topics or themes but cover aspects relevant for the processing of asylum and residency cases. Country of Origin Information presented in Landinfo’s reports does not contain policy recommendations nor does it reflect official Norwegian views.
    [Show full text]
  • “TELLING the STORY” Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: a Regional Perspective (2011-2016)
    “TELLING THE STORY” Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: A Regional Perspective (2011-2016) Emma Hooper (ed.) This monograph has been produced with the financial assistance of the Norway Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the position of the Ministry. © 2016 CIDOB This monograph has been produced with the financial assistance of the Norway Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the position of the Ministry. CIDOB edicions Elisabets, 12 08001 Barcelona Tel.: 933 026 495 www.cidob.org [email protected] D.L.: B 17561 - 2016 Barcelona, September 2016 CONTENTS CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIES 5 FOREWORD 11 Tine Mørch Smith INTRODUCTION 13 Emma Hooper CHAPTER ONE: MAPPING THE SOURCES OF TENSION WITH REGIONAL DIMENSIONS 17 Sources of Tension in Afghanistan & Pakistan: A Regional Perspective .......... 19 Zahid Hussain Mapping the Sources of Tension and the Interests of Regional Powers in Afghanistan and Pakistan ............................................................................................. 35 Emma Hooper & Juan Garrigues CHAPTER TWO: KEY PHENOMENA: THE TALIBAN, REFUGEES , & THE BRAIN DRAIN, GOVERNANCE 57 THE TALIBAN Preamble: Third Party Roles and Insurgencies in South Asia ............................... 61 Moeed Yusuf The Pakistan Taliban Movement: An Appraisal ......................................................... 65 Michael Semple The Taliban Movement in Afghanistan .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • PDF-Dokument
    Postadresse: Erdbergstraße 192 – 196 1030 Wien Tel: +43 1 601 49 – 0 Fax: +43 1 711 23 – 889 15 41 E-Mail: [email protected] www.bvwg.gv.at W220 2125098-1/30E W220 2125112-1/24E W220 2125105-1/24E W220 2125102-1/22E W220 2125108-1/22E W220 2125111-1/22E IM NAMEN DER REPUBLIK! Das Bundesverwaltungsgericht erkennt durch die Richterin Mag. Daniela UNTERER als Einzelrichterin über die Beschwerden von 1. XXXX , geb. XXXX , 2. XXXX , geb. XXXX , 3. XXXX , geb. XXXX , 4. XXXX , geb. XXXX , 5. XXXX , geb. XXXX und 6. XXXX , geb. XXXX , alle StA. Afghanistan, vertreten durch Mag. Robert BITSCHE, Rechtsanwalt in 1050 Wien, gegen die Bescheide des Bundesamtes für Fremdenwesen und Asyl vom 28.03.2016, Zahlen 1. 1093782106/151691055, 2. 1093776610/151690717, 3. 1093781305/151690989, 4. 1093780602/151690946, 5. 1093780101/151690849 und 6. 1093778702/151690776, nach Durchführung einer mündlichen Verhandlung am 19.10.2017, zu Recht: A) I. Den Beschwerden gegen die jeweiligen Spruchpunkte II. der angefochtenen Bescheide wird stattgegeben und XXXX und XXXX gemäß § 8 Abs. 1 Z 1 AsylG 2005 der Status der subsidiär Schutzberechtigten in Bezug auf den Herkunftsstaat Afghanistan zuerkannt. II. Gemäß § 8 Abs. 4 AsylG 2005 werden XXXX und XXXX befristete Aufenthaltsberechtigungen als subsidiär Schutzberechtigte bis zum 19.02.2021 erteilt. B) Die Revision ist gemäß Art. 133 Abs. 4 B-VG jeweils nicht zulässig. ENTSCHEIDUNGSGRÜNDE: I. Verfahrensgang: Der Erstbeschwerdeführer und die Zweitbeschwerdeführerin sind verheiratet und Eltern der (zum Zeitpunkt der Antragstellung minderjährigen) Drittbeschwerdeführerin, der (zum Zeitpunkt der Antragstellung minderjährigen) Viertbeschwerdeführerin, der minderjährigen Fünftbeschwerdeführerin und der minderjährigen Sechstbeschwerdeführerin.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Military Engagement in the Broader Middle East
    U.S. MILITARY ENGAGEMENT IN THE BROADER MIDDLE EAST JAMES F. JEFFREY MICHAEL EISENSTADT U.S. MILITARY ENGAGEMENT IN THE BROADER MIDDLE EAST JAMES F. JEFFREY MICHAEL EISENSTADT THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY WWW.WASHINGTONINSTITUTE.ORG The opinions expressed in this Policy Focus are those of the author and not necessarily those of The Washington Institute, its Board of Trustees, or its Board of Advisors. Policy Focus 143, April 2016 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publica- tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing fromthe publisher. ©2016 by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1111 19th Street NW, Suite 500 Washington, DC 20036 Design: 1000colors Photo: An F-16 from the Egyptian Air Force prepares to make contact with a KC-135 from the 336th ARS during in-flight refueling training. (USAF photo by Staff Sgt. Amy Abbott) Contents Acknowledgments V I. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF U.S. MILITARY OPERATIONS 1 James F. Jeffrey 1. Introduction to Part I 3 2. Basic Principles 5 3. U.S. Strategy in the Middle East 8 4. U.S. Military Engagement 19 5. Conclusion 37 Notes, Part I 39 II. RETHINKING U.S. MILITARY STRATEGY 47 Michael Eisenstadt 6. Introduction to Part II 49 7. American Sisyphus: Impact of the Middle Eastern Operational Environment 52 8. Disjointed Strategy: Aligning Ways, Means, and Ends 58 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Remote Warfare Interdisciplinary Perspectives
    Remote Warfare Interdisciplinary Perspectives ALASDAIR MCKAY, ABIGAIL WATSON & MEGAN KARLSHØJ-PEDERSEN This e-book is provided without charge via free download by E-International Relations (www.E-IR.info). It is not permitted to be sold in electronic format under any circumstances. If you enjoy our free e-books, please consider leaving a small donation to allow us to continue investing in open access publications: http://www.e-ir.info/about/donate/ i Remote Warfare Interdisciplinary Perspectives EDITED BY ALASDAIR MCKAY, ABIGAIL WATSON AND MEGAN KARLSHØJ-PEDERSEN ii E-International Relations www.E-IR.info Bristol, England 2021 ISBN 978-1-910814-56-7 This book is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 license. You are free to: • Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format • Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: • Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. • NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission. Please contact [email protected] for any such enquiries, including for licensing and translation requests. Other than the terms noted above, there are no restrictions placed on the use and dissemination of this book for student learning materials/scholarly use. Production: Michael Tang Cover Image: Ruslan Shugushev/Shutterstock A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Produced by the Human Security Centre Lead Author
    1 Human Security Centre – Written evidence (AFG0019) Produced by the Human Security Centre Lead Author: Simon Schofield, Senior Fellow, In consultation with Rohullah Yakobi, Associate Fellow 2 1 Table of Contents 2. Executive Summary .............................................................................5 3. What is the Human Security Centre?.....................................................10 4. Geopolitics and National Interests and Agendas......................................11 Islamic Republic of Pakistan ...................................................................11 Historical Context...............................................................................11 Pakistan’s Strategy.............................................................................12 Support for the Taliban .......................................................................13 Afghanistan as a terrorist training camp ................................................16 Role of military aid .............................................................................17 Economic interests .............................................................................19 Conclusion – Pakistan .........................................................................19 Islamic Republic of Iran .........................................................................20 Historical context ...............................................................................20 Iranian Strategy ................................................................................23
    [Show full text]
  • The Bush Revolution: the Remaking of America's Foreign Policy
    The Bush Revolution: The Remaking of America’s Foreign Policy Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Lindsay The Brookings Institution April 2003 George W. Bush campaigned for the presidency on the promise of a “humble” foreign policy that would avoid his predecessor’s mistake in “overcommitting our military around the world.”1 During his first seven months as president he focused his attention primarily on domestic affairs. That all changed over the succeeding twenty months. The United States waged wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. U.S. troops went to Georgia, the Philippines, and Yemen to help those governments defeat terrorist groups operating on their soil. Rather than cheering American humility, people and governments around the world denounced American arrogance. Critics complained that the motto of the United States had become oderint dum metuant—Let them hate as long as they fear. September 11 explains why foreign policy became the consuming passion of Bush’s presidency. Once commercial jetliners plowed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, it is unimaginable that foreign policy wouldn’t have become the overriding priority of any American president. Still, the terrorist attacks by themselves don’t explain why Bush chose to respond as he did. Few Americans and even fewer foreigners thought in the fall of 2001 that attacks organized by Islamic extremists seeking to restore the caliphate would culminate in a war to overthrow the secular tyrant Saddam Hussein in Iraq. Yet the path from the smoking ruins in New York City and Northern Virginia to the battle of Baghdad was not the case of a White House cynically manipulating a historic catastrophe to carry out a pre-planned agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • Responding to the Next Attack
    Combating Terrorism Center at West Point Objective • Relevant • Rigorous | May 2017 • Volume 10, Issue 5 FEATURE ARTICLE A VIEW FROM THE CT FOXHOLE Responding to the James Next Attack Gagliano Learning from the police response in Orlando and San Bernardino Former FBI Hostage Rescue Team Frank Straub, Jennifer Zeunik, and Ben Gorban Counterterrorist Operator FEATURE ARTICLE Editor in Chief 1 Lessons Learned from the Police Response to the San Bernardino and Orlando Terrorist Attacks Paul Cruickshank Frank Straub, Jennifer Zeunik, and Ben Gorban Managing Editor INTERVIEW Kristina Hummel 8 A View from the CT Foxhole: James A. Gagliano, Former FBI Hostage Rescue EDITORIAL BOARD Team Counterterrorist Operator Paul Cruickshank Colonel Suzanne Nielsen, Ph.D. Department Head ANALYSIS Dept. of Social Sciences (West Point) 13 A New Age of Terror? Older Fighters in the Caliphate Lieutenant Colonel Bryan Price, Ph.D. John Horgan, Mia Bloom, Chelsea Daymon, Wojciech Kaczkowski, Director, CTC and Hicham Tiflati 20 The Terror Threat to Italy: How Italian Exceptionalism is Rapidly Brian Dodwell Diminishing Deputy Director, CTC Michele Groppi 29 Iranian Kurdish Militias: Terrorist-Insurgents, Ethno Freedom Fighters, or CONTACT Knights on the Regional Chessboard? Combating Terrorism Center Franc Milburn U.S. Military Academy 607 Cullum Road, Lincoln Hall In the early hours of June 12, 2016, an Islamic State-inspired gunman car- West Point, NY 10996 ried out the deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since 9/11, shooting dead 49 people in an Orlando nightclub. The attacker was finally killed after a Phone: (845) 938-8495 three-hour hostage standof, leading to questions raised in the media over the police response.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan Statistics: UK Deaths, Casualties, Mission Costs and Refugees
    Research Briefing Number CBP 9298 Afghanistan statistics: UK deaths, By Noel Dempsey 16 August 2021 casualties, mission costs and refugees 1 Background Since October 2001, US, UK, and other coalition forces have been conducting military operations in Afghanistan in response to the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001. Initially, military action, considered self-defence under the UN Charter, was conducted by a US-led coalition (called Operation Enduring Freedom by the US). NATO invoked its Article V collective defence clause on 12 September 2001. In December 2001, the UN authorised the deployment of a 5,000-strong International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) to deploy in, and immediately around, Kabul. This was to provide security and to assist in the reconstruction of the country. While UN mandated, ISAF continued as a coalition effort. US counter terrorism operations under Operation Enduring Freedom remained a distinct parallel effort. In August 2003, NATO took command of ISAF. Over the next decade, and bolstered by a renewed and expanded UN mandate,1 ISAF operations grew 1 UN Security Council Resolution 1510 (2003) commonslibrary.parliament.uk Afghanistan statistics: UK deaths, casualties, mission costs and refugees into the whole country and evolved from security and stabilisation, into combat and counterinsurgency operations, and then to transition. Timeline of major foreign force decisions • October 2001: Operation Enduring Freedom begins. • December 2001: UN authorises the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). • August 2003: NATO assumes ISAF command. • June 2006: ISAF mandate expanded. • 2009: Counterinsurgency operations begin. • 2011-2014: Three-year transition to Afghan-led security operations. • October 2014: End of UK combat operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Routledge Handbook of U.S. Counterterrorism and Irregular
    ‘A unique, exceptional volume of compelling, thoughtful, and informative essays on the subjects of irregular warfare, counter-insurgency, and counter-terrorism – endeavors that will, unfortunately, continue to be unavoidable and necessary, even as the U.S. and our allies and partners shift our focus to Asia and the Pacific in an era of renewed great power rivalries. The co-editors – the late Michael Sheehan, a brilliant comrade in uniform and beyond, Liam Collins, one of America’s most talented and accomplished special operators and scholars on these subjects, and Erich Marquardt, the founding editor of the CTC Sentinel – have done a masterful job of assembling the works of the best and brightest on these subjects – subjects that will continue to demand our attention, resources, and commitment.’ General (ret.) David Petraeus, former Commander of the Surge in Afghanistan, U.S. Central Command, and Coalition Forces in Afghanistan and former Director of the CIA ‘Terrorism will continue to be a featured security challenge for the foreseeable future. We need to be careful about losing the intellectual and practical expertise hard-won over the last twenty years. This handbook, the brainchild of my late friend and longtime counter-terrorism expert Michael Sheehan, is an extraordinary resource for future policymakers and CT practitioners who will grapple with the evolving terrorism threat.’ General (ret.) Joseph Votel, former commander of US Special Operations Command and US Central Command ‘This volume will be essential reading for a new generation of practitioners and scholars. Providing vibrant first-hand accounts from experts in counterterrorism and irregular warfare, from 9/11 until the present, this book presents a blueprint of recent efforts and impending challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • State Strengthening in Afghanistan Lessons Learned, 2001–14
    [PEACEW RKS [ STATE STRENGTHENING IN AFGHANISTAN LESSONS LEARNED, 2001–14 Edited by Scott Smith and Colin Cookman ABOUT THE REPORT In March 2015, the United States Institute of Peace (USIP), Chatham House, and Stanford University held a two-day conference on “State-Strengthening in Afghanistan 2001–2014: Learning from the Past to Inform the Future.” This report comprises a selection of papers presented at the conference. The papers look back critically at thirteen years of international intervention in Afghanistan, focusing on the impact of state- strengthening exercises on security, democratization, governance, the economy, rule of law, infrastructure, civil society participation, youth development, and women’s empowerment. They describe, from the perspective of Afghan and international policy makers and experts, the immense and often unforseen challenges in rebuilding the Afghan state. Cover photo: An Afghan village elder talks to International Security Assistance Forces from atop his home. Nate Derrick/Shutterstock.com. The views expressed in this report are those of the author(s) alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. United States Institute of Peace 2301 Constitution Ave., NW Washington, DC 20037 Phone: 202.457.1700 Fax: 202.429.6063 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.usip.org Peaceworks No. 116. First published 2016. ISBN: 978-1-60127-602-5 © 2016 by the United States Institute of Peace CONTENTS PEACEWORKS • MAY 2016 • NO. 116 Foreword ...3 Summary ...5 Introduction ...7 Statebuilding, Counterinsurgency, and Counterterrorism: Complementary or Contradictory Strategies Thomas Barfield ...9 Military and Civilian Assistance in Afghanistan: An Incoherent Approach Barbara J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Voices Behind the Refugee Outflow from Afghanistan
    Sources of Tension in Afghanistan and Pakistan: A Regional Perspective The Voices behind the Refugee Outflow from Afghanistan Hameed Hakimi and Barin S. Haymon June 2016 CIDOB Policy Research Project CIDOB BARCELONA CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS With support from THE VOICES BEHIND THE REFUGEE OUTFLOW FROM AFGHANISTAN Hameed Hakimi* Barin Sultani Haymon** * Hameed Hakimi is a Research Associate at Chatham House in London. For more than three decades, Afghanistan was the number one sour- Previously, he has held researcher roles ce country of the global refugee population. This only changed in late at various institutions including the International Institute for Strategic 2014, as the increasing severity of the Syrian crisis tipped Afghanistan Studies (IISS) and the London School of into second position in terms of gross headcount. Growing insecurity, Economics and Political Science (LSE). ominously demonstrated in Taliban’s recent brief occupation of Kunduz Between 2014 and 2015, Hameed was an International Advisor for policy and province, coupled with the economic hardships facing Afghans as evident capacity development at the Afghan in growing unemployment figures, an increasing number of Afghans are Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Kabul. seeking refuge outside their country – especially in Europe. ** Barin Sultani Haymon is an inde- pendent researcher with more than In response, the Afghan Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation recently a decade’s experience in the non- 1 profit sector, working closely with launched a campaign , for instance, to tackle the exodus of Afghan youth several charitable foundations focused – the so-called ‘brain drain’2. The campaign makes use of evocative mes- on Afghanistan.
    [Show full text]