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SAN ~TAF4 DE BOCOTA,ENVIRONMENTAL D.C. ~ IMPACT STUDY C H 1t7 EXECUTIVESUMMARY

SA/An DE BOGOTA,/ Public Disclosure Authorized REPUBLICOF MINISTRYOF TRANSPORT

NATIONALROADS INSTITUTE

PHASE III STUDIES: TOBIAGRANDE - PUERTO SALGAR CONCESSION PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT STUDY EXECUTIVESUMMARY

ENRIQUE DAVILA LOZANO - E.D.L. LTDA. CONSULTANT ENGINEERS

SANTAFEDE BOGOTA,D.C. MARCH1997 EXECUTIVESUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1. DESCRIPTIONOF PROJECT 1.1. Background 1.2. Areas of Influence 1.3. Route 1.4. Technical Features

2. ENVIRONMENTALFEATURES OF THE REGION 2.1. Geology 2.2. Hydrology 2.3. Soils 2.4. Climate 2.5. Vegetation Cover and Land Use 2.6. Limnology 2.7. Socio-Economic Aspects 2.8. Archaeology

3. IMPACTEVALUATION 3.1. Geophysical Component 3.2. Hydrological Component 3.3. Biotic Component 3.4. Property Component

4. ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN 4.1. General Information 4.2. Relocation of Ecopetrol Multiple Pipeline 4.3. Final Disposal of Building Waste Material 4.4. Relocation of Cambras River 4.5. Negro River Canyon Forestry Reserve 4.6. Planting of Earthwork Slopes 4.7. Cutting Slope Grassing Programme 4.8. Tree-Planting Landscaping Programme 4.9. Social Management 4.10. Archaeological Rescue Work 4.11. Follow-Up and Monitoring

5. BUDGETAND EXECUTIONSCHEDULE

1 INTRODUCTION

This document summarizes the EnvironmentalStudies carried out for the 68.44km.-long TOBIAGRANDE - PUERTO SALGAR road, in the west of CundinamarcaDepartment in the Republic of Colombia. Figure No. 1 shows the location of the projectand its area of influence.

The document has been drawn up within the framework of Colombian law, especially Law 99 of 1993 and Regulatory Decree 1753 of 1994 on this, relating to Environmental Licences. The information contained herein is aimed at internationalorganizations and multilateralbanking entities.

A generaldescription is given of the project,with the base line, followed by an environmentalevaluation and details of the EnvironmentalManagement Plan, which is presented by programme and specific activity. The documentation consists of the Environmental Studies themselves, an Annex containing Tables and Figures, this Executive Summary, and a Booklet of Plans on EnvironmentalMatters.

1. DESCRIPTIONOF PROJECT

1.1. BACKGROUND

This road has its origins in the 1953 Bogota - Medellin highway; part of this was actually built, while the remainder is the subject of this study. The firm INGETEC S.A. carried out constructiondesign studies in 1983, and these were complementedin 1993. In 1996, the firm ENRIQUEDAVILA LOZANO - E.D.L. LTDA. producedthe Phase IlIl studies.

An EnvironmentalLicence for building the road has already been granted by the Ministry of the Environment, and this is contained in Resolution 1420 dated 17th December 1996. The Concessionaire will be responsible for obtaining permits relating to the Water Concession, Pourings, Air Part and Land Use (Asphalt Plant), and Forestry Exploitation.Annex C contains the Corporaci6n Aut6noma Regional de Cundinamarca - CAR - forms that should be used when applyingfor these permits.

2 1.2. AREAS OF INFLUENCE

Three kinds of area of influence have been identified: an Area of Direct Influence, which correspondsto a right of way no more than 60 metres wide; an Area of Indirect Influence, which relates to camps, sources of materials, and river and stream crossings; and an Area of Socio-EconomicInfluence, which covers the towns of Nimaime, , Utica, , Caparrapi and Puerto Salgar,all in CundinamarcaDepartment.

1.3. ROUTE

The route starts at K71+500 on the Bogota - La Vega - Villeta road, at a height of 767 metres above sea level. It runs along the right bank of the Villeta river as far as Miquera, at which point it crosses the river and the railway line by means of a bridge466.21 metres long before entering a tunnel 6.047 metres in length. It then reaches the site known as La Abuela, after which it follows the right bank of the Quebradanegrastream as far as the town of Utica.

Before it reachesthe built-up area of Utica, it turns in a westerly directionand follows the left bank of the Negro River as far as the outskirtsof Guaduero.8 tunnels are envisaged on this section, with lengths of between 175 metres and 1,240 metres,and 7 bridges varying between 35 metres and 180 metres long; the bridge over the Negro Riverwill be 275 metres.

Between Guaduero and K22, the road runs along the right bank of the Negro River, and from this point onwards along its left bank. Two tunnels are envisaged on the Guaduero - Dindal section, one 490 metres long and the other 5,200 metres in length.

The terrain is rugged and highly dissected from Cambras onwards, with 12 bridges envisaged between 25 metres and 90 metres long, and four tunnels of lengths that vary between 230 metres and 1,110 metres.Towards the end of the route, the terrain becomes flat, and the road will join the Magdalena Trunk Route 4.1 kilometresnorth of Puerto Salgar, at a height of 176 metres above sea level.

1.4. TECHNICALFEATURES

The whole route is 68.44 kilometreslong. The road is designed to have the specificationsdefined in Law 105 of 1993 for national roads in Colombia.The

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The first stage envisages one carriageway with two lanes; the second carriagewayshould be built in year ten of the concession.Tunnels are to be built by the TBM technique (Tunnel Boring Machine), which drills and stabilizes,thereby reducing the loweringof water levelsto a minimum.

2. ENVIRONMENTALFEATURES OF THE REGION

2.1. GEOLOGY

The geology of the area of influenceof the project is sedimentaryin origin, with ages that range from the Lower Cretaceousto the UpperTertiary, and it is partially but extensivelycovered with Quaternarystrata of soil of alluvial and colluvialorigin.

The Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) made for the study enabled the geological stratigraphy to be identified and water-bearingstrata on tunnel routes to be located.

2.2. HYDROLOGY

The study zone forms part of the MagdalenaRiver Macro-Basin,and it lies in the basin of the Negro River; it consists of the Pinal and Rote streams, the Pata river and the Negra stream.

2.3. SOILS

There is a rich mosaic of soils belongingto the following associationsin the area of influenceof the road: Tobia, Mamey,Salinas, Cientocinco,La llusi6n, Furatena, La Mina, Tapias, Alto de Torres, Sama, Utica, Los Naranjos, Guaduero, Versalles, Nacional, Calamboima,El Prado, El Hatillo, Guamal, C6rdoba, Yasal, El lngenio, San Gil, Matarrat6n,Tabl6n, Cambras,Gradas, Matecana,Guayacana, El Molino, Montecristoand Palogrande.

4 2.4. CLIMATE

Climate features for the zone of influence of the project are based on information from the IDEAM' weather stations at PalanqueroAirport (in the town of Puerto Salgar), Yacopi and Utica. The results of climatological variables correspond to the following life zones under the Holdridge classificationsystem: Dry Tropicalforest (bs-T); PremontaneWet Forest with transition to warm and Premontane Wet Forest (bs-PM). Average temperaturesare 280Cin PuertoSalgar and 210C in Yacopi. Average annual rainfallis 2,152 mm. in PuertoSalgar, 2,710 mm. in Yacopi, and 1,340 mm. in Utica;the pluviometricsystem in the region is of the bimodal type.

2.5. VEGETATIONCOVER AND LANDUSE

The vegetation cover in the region is mainly the last remains of native forest (PrimaryForest; SecondaryForest) in high mountain areas, to which access is generally difficult; these areas will not be affected by the development of the project. Galleryforests (Primaryand/or Secondary)are to be found in the environmentalcorridor, together with crops, stubble and pastureland.

2.6. LIMNOLOGY

The physical-chemicalstudy enabled water to be classified into two basic types: that affected directly and indirectly by black shales (Negro river and Negra stream) and that influenced by a different type of rock (Bermeja, Dionisio and Cambras streams). The results of the physical-chemicaland biologicalevaluation showed that water quality was good, accordingto I.C.A2.

The biologicalclassification showed 949 individualsbelonging to 92 species, with benthos the most abundant (34%), followed by phytoplankton (28%), periphyton(22%), neuston(11%), nekton(4%) and zooplankton(1%).

2.7. SOCIO-ECONOMICASPECTS

At socio-economiclevel, the towns and villages of , Quebradanegra, Utica, Guaduas,Caparrapi and Puerto Salgar will be affected by the building and operationof the project, as the road will run near the centre of Utica and the Guaduero, Dindal and Cambras Police Inspection. Other towns and villages, such as ,Pefa and Vergara, will benefit from improved land

I Enviroment studies Institute. 2 Enviroment Quality Index.

5 communications that will make integration with regional developments possible.

2.8. ARCHAEOLOGY

The socio-archaeologicalstudy carried out in the area of influence of the Tobiagrande- Puerto Salgar road classifiedthe socio-culturaluse of space in the north western part of CundinamarcaDepartment from pre-Hispanictimes to the present day. The study resulted in seven archaeologicalareas being defined: La Abuelita, the Guaduero - Negro river valley, the settlement of Varelas, La Critica-LaLecheria, San Dionisio,San Ram6n and Balsas.

3. IMPACT EVALUATION

3.1. GEOPHYSICALCOMPONENT

The main negative impacts from the geophysical point of view are felt to be the generationof geomorphic-dynamicprocesses resulting from the formation of slopes less than 25 metres high - typical cuts - and more than 25 metres high - special cuts.

From the geological stability point of view, it was found that instability could arise in the following areas: Tobiagrande to the Mamey stream (KO+000- K3+740);Portal la Abuelita to the Negra stream (K10+000 - K12+800); and SanAntonio to Los Colorados(K43+500 - K50+000).

From the hydro-geologicalpoint of view, the lowering of the water level is expected to be minimal, or to not occur at all due to the construction of the tunnels.

It is stressedthat route changesare largely aimed at avoidinghighly unstable areas such as those to be found between La Miquera and Tobia and in the Negro river canyon.

3.2. HYDROLOGICALCOMPONENT

Undermining analyses produced foundation design reference values of around 5 metres (depth) for the major works (31 in all), which are increased where piles are to be consideredon beds (for the Negro river).

6 Between K39+200 and K39+360, the meander in the Cambras river will be cut, and a specific programmefor this will be included in the Environmental Management Plan.

The vulnerability of the Negro river canyon between Tobia and Utica was shown in studies carried out by HIMAT3in 1988, and this subsequently led to a change of route, in 1994, and to the Quebradanegra bypass.

3.3. BIOTICCOMPONENT

Whenever new roads are built, this is directly reflected in the biotic components that affect regional wildlifeand limnology.

A direct impact is considered to be one caused by the building activities, and includes the loss of vegetation cover as a result of levelling and grading activities, wildlife migration due to it losing its natural habitats (as forests are affected) and the noise caused by machinery and blasting work, and deterioration in the quality of bodies of water. The impact is basically caused by materials falling to the beds of rivers and streams, which can in extreme cases result in water courses overflowingand causing avalanches.

An indirect impact can be settlement processes, changes in land use, and accidental death of wildlife,although this latter will not occur in the area to be worked as wildlifelevels are very low.

3.4. PROPERTY COMPONENT

It is envisaged that 137 properties will be affected by the building of the road between Tobiagrande and Puerto Salgar. These should be acquired by the NATIONALROADS INSTITUTEduring 1997, so that the whole corridor can be handed over to the Concessionaire completely free of any property problems. Of these properties, forty four (44) have homes on them, twelve (12) of which have not been legalized, and the Environmental Management Plan envisages a special programme for these particular cases.

3 Hidrology,Meteorology and adequatedlands Institute.

7 4. ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN

4.1. GENERAL INFORMATION

The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan is to provide the minimum amount of informationneeded for considerationsof a biophysical and socio-cultural nature to be taken into account during the construction phase, so as to guarantee viability through the rational use of natural resources and by getting the local population involved in regional development.As a general tool, the EnvironmentalGuide drawn up by the Ministry of Transport - National Roads Institute - in the 1996 book "EnvironmentalPolicies and Practices"is recommended.

The estimatedcost of buildingthe TOBIAGRANDE- PUERTOSALGAR road is $420,697,168,585Colombian pesos (US$396,884,121.2),at September 1996 figures; a further $19,230,950,000(US$18,141,839.62) is envisagedfor environmentalmitigation and compensationworks, or 4.6% of the total value of the works. Buildingwork is scheduledto be completed in 48 months (see Figure No. 2). Plan L shows the main programmes to be carried out in schematicform.

The programmesconsidered to be of greatest relevancein the Environmental ManagementPlan are detailedbelow.

4.2. RELOCATIONOF ECOPETROL MULTIPLEPIPELINE

The aim is to protect the multiple pipeline that is on the right of way (by burying it) or to relocateit.

The Ecopetrolmultiple pipeline runningbetween the Villeta and PuertoSalgar stations coincideswith the corridor for the Tobiagrande- Puerto Salgar road project on the section betweenthe villagesof Dindal and Cambras. Costs have been estimatedon the basis of informationsupplied by Ecopetrol officials and includethe value of the necessarystudies for the corresponding design, which is $1,000,000,000(US$943,396.23).

4.3. FINAL DISPOSAL OF BUILDINGWASTE MATERIAL

The aim is to ensure that waste materialgenerated in stripping, exploration and general land preparationactivities for the works is handled in a suitable

8 FIG. No. 2 E.DL. LTDA MONTH BY MONTH CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE FOR IfngenierosConsultores THE TOBIAGRANDE - PUERTO SALGAR ROAD

ACTIVITY 0 12 3 4 567 8 19 1 I11l1111191202123222627 331 3233 34 3536 38940 4142 4344 4546 4748 MOVEMENT LEVELLING/GRADINGAND STABILISATION OF SLOPES, . .

PAVING STRUCTURE BRIDGES TBM-TYPE TUNNELS CONVENTIONALTUNNELS N iil ELECTRO-MECH-ANICALWIORKS EXECUTION OF E.MP. SIGNPOSTINCO manner. The same is to apply for materials when tunnels are being excavated.

In building waste material areas, the contractorshould clear vegetation and the organic layer; these materialsshould be depositedat one end of the area in such a way that they do not obstructnatural or artificialwater courses.The vegetation layer should be deposited in a manner that will enable it to be used later on to protect slopes by plantingit in a suitable and uniformmanner on the surfaces of these slopes. Special care should be taken not to damage vegetationthat exists outside these zones.

Eleven waste material disposal areas have been designed, on alluvial terraces currently coveredwith herbaceousvegetation consisting of grasses, natural pasture and pioneer mimosas.The restorationmechanism in building waste material disposal areas consists of stable geotechnicformations and adaptation of drainage. Areas will be restored by leaving 1:2 slopes and replanting these with material from the stripping of the original areas. The minimumtreatment these areas should be given is grassingof the slopes and the terrace. For the formation, soil from the strippingshould first be laid, and this should be protectedin the same way as quarries;once this soil layer has been put down, the turfs stored since the initial stripping will be laid. Estimatedwork quantitiesare as follows:

PREPARATIONAND MANAGEMENTOF BUILDING UNIT QUANTITY WASTE MATERIALDISPOSAL SITES. Land Rental Ha 49.00 Preparationof BuildingWaste MaterialDisposal Sites Ha 49.00 Replanting m2 348,770.oo Grassing m 122,080.oo Tree Planting U 1,520.oo Various unclassifiedexcavations m3 1,710.oo Concrete-linedGutters m'i 330.oo Class F Concretefor Dispersers mJ 280.oo EarthGutters m 3,100.oo FilteringMaterial M3 4,810.oo Geotextile m3 45,030.oo Gabions i 700.oo

9 4.4. RELOCATIONOF THE CAMBRASRIVER

The aim here is to correct a meander in the Cambras river that could affect road stability at times of very heavy rainfall betweenabscissa K39+220 and K39+350. A channel should be built for this, 250 metres long; the amount of earth to be moved is calculated as 130m3. Periodic rises in water level of between 1.20 and 1.50 metres cause the river to burst its banks and overflow onto land on the right-hand side. Buildingthe channel will prevent the river from causing major underminingin this area.

4.5. NEGRORIVER CANYON FORESTRY RESERVE

Purpose: To offset the modification to the scenery caused by the loss of natural vegetation in the Tobia-Uticasection of the Negro river canyon, as a direct measure aimed at preventing erosive and geomoprhic-dynamic processesbeing activated.

Location: Canyon in the Negro river valley betweenthe villages of Tobia and Utica; on the right bank of the Negro river.

Strategy: The strategy consists of acquiring land located in the Negro river canyon between Tobia and Utica in order to preserve the remains of the natural vegetation and extend these remains in a natural manner until the whole right slope of the Negro river canyon has finally been preserved.

Ecological Importanceof the Forests in the Nearo River Canyon: Natural vegetation, including primary forests, is a reflection of countless, intricate relationshipsbetween biotic, abiotic and anthropicenvironmental factors; it is therefore the element par excellence for enabling climatic, edaphic, hydric and human-actionconditions to be inferred. In turn, it also modifies certain componentsof the environmentby performingenvironmental regulation and control functions, given that vegetation and environmentevolve in parallel over time, with rapid changes being noted in the early developmentstages and very slow ones as a stable state is reached.

Structuraland morphologicalfeatures (numberof strata,floristic composition, more or less open canopy)show and corroboratethe existenceof dry climatic conditions where factors like environmental humidity and the stability of surface water sourcestake on importancein terms of the availabilityof water for human consumptionand for carryingon economicactivities based mainly around agriculturalproduction.

10 As far as hydric conditionsare concerned(water retention and regulation,and control of evaporation),the forests in the area show physiognomic-structural features such as large leaves, extensive tree-strata cover and abundant humus productionthat allow an importantfraction of rainfall to be retained, and this is interceptedby the tree cover and transported by runoff down tree trunks to the soil, where it accumulatesin the humus, enables surface runoff to be regulated- this is helped by-the gradient -, and favours the retaining of water which is poorly developed in the area due to the shallow soils and prevailing topographical conditions. Similarly, the foliage in the tree cover plays an important role in capturing dewdrops produced by condensationof water in the air, thereby increasing the hydric contributions to surface currents.

Another area where the natural woodland vegetation in the region under study plays an importantrole is in stabilizingthe land, and therefore reducing the risk of erosion, something that could be all too common in view of the steep gradients,the structural weakness of the geological material, and the shallow soils.

The following conclusionscan be drawn from a study of two strips of natural vegetation on the right side of the Negro river canyon:

* The two strips of forest studied are areas where there has been little intervention by man, and where the structural, physignomic and floristic differencesare a reflection of a climatic gradient resulting principally from humidityconditions. Nevertheless,although each forest has three clearly- marked strata, these differ from each other in that different biotypes dominate, and this give the former a thick grove and the latter a tree stratum with greater cover, which prevents the development of dense bush-like vegetation because the amount of light that penetrates is reduced,resulting in an adaptationto a herbaceousstratum of large leaves with wide cover.

* The high diversityvalues in the two forests are related to a low disturbance level and to a major dependanceon mutual relationshipsbetween system components, where there is an underlying fragility that restricts the possibility of drastic modifications to the habitat being absorbed and resisted.

* Gradient, lithology (black shales) and soil depth conditions make these woodland remains extremely important for maintaining slope stability and controllingthe erodabilityof the soil.

11 * The preservation of this type of vegetation is also connected with protectingsources of water and controllingthe hydric system.

* It is importantto stress how importantthese strips of forest are as a wildlife refuge, and to stress their exploitable economic potential, given the existence of fine woods with a high commercial value such as cedar (cedrela angustifolia), lignum vitae (tabebuia chrysanta), guasima (Guazuma ulmifolia) and caratejo (vismia baccifera), and their value as scenic landscape.

Purchasing Land: The area covered with primary forest in the section betweenTobia and Utica is 275 hectares.The land it is intended to purchase for a forestry reservecovers 200 hectares,of which at least 50% has primary forest.

Civil Works: The first activity to be carried out by the Concessionairewill be to mark out the boundary of the land in the form of an enclosed polygon, with boundarystones. Once these boundarieshave been defined, or at the same time as this job is being done, fences should be erected and hedges provided; inside areas will be divided up by hedges of native species, while the outer boundaries will consist of concrete posts two metres high with barbed wire every 40 centimetres.

The second major activity will consist of designing two ecological transects - the scientific information on each vegetable species - and drawing up an educational booklet showing the transect schematically and explaining its ecological importance.

Supervision and Maintenance: A concession period of fifteen years is considered.There should be at least two full-time forest rangers.

Legal Status: In line with current environmental legislation, it is felt that the best legal status for this area will be that of a Private Forestry Reserve Ecological Park (Decree 956 of 1976). An alternative would be a park belongingto the National Parks System (letter f, Article 279, Decree 2811 of 1979).

Form of Control: Initially, control will be the responsibility of the project's Environmental Supervisor; once building work on the road has been completed,this control will pass to the Concessionaire.After the Concession has finished,the town of Utica will be responsiblefor controllingthe park.

12 Cost: $495,000,000(US$466,981.13).

4.6. REPLANTINGPROGRAMME FOR EARTHWORK SLOPES.

This programmeaims to offset the adverse effects of removingvegetation that directly damagesthe scenery in the area of influenceof the project. At the same time, it seeks to prevent and control erosion on earthworkslopes and improvethe visual appearanceof the landscape.

Earthworks will cover an area of 408,661 m2; the cost established for replantingone square metre is $2,158 (US$2.03)pesos, makingthe total cost $882,000,000(US$832,075.47).

4.7. CUTTINGSLOPE GRASSINGPROGRAMME

This programmeaims to offset the adverse effects of removingvegetation that directly damagesthe scenery in the area of influence of the project. At the same time, it seeks to prevent and controlerosion on cutting slopes and improvethe visual appearanceof the landscape.

2 Cufting slope area 314,300 m ; the cost established for regrassing one square metre is $3,016 pesos (US$2.84),making the total cost $950,000,000 (US$896,226.42).

4.8. TREE-PLANTINGLANDSCAPING PROGRAMME

With a view to creating an ecological awareness and restoring the environmentthrough EnvironmentalEducation in the area of socio-economic influence of the project, the Concessionaireshould carry out campaigns to plant 100,000 trees of native species at springs and in hydrologicalbasins and areas adjacentto the right of way. This programmeis estimatedto cost $782.600.000(US$738,301.89) .

4.9. SOCIALMANAGEMENT

MunicipalAdministration Support Programme

The aim is to establishtools that will enablethe impactcaused by the project to be reduced to a minimum and at the same time control, organise and improve municipalpublic administration,with an emphasis on regional order and modernizing managerial activities in the town halls at Nimaima,

13 Quebradanegra,Utica, Guaduas,Caparrapi and Puerto Salgar.A numberof sub-programmes are envisaged: Revising Regional Order Plan and Improving and Modernizing Municipal Administration, with a cost of $200,000,000(US$188,679.25).

Project Informationand AwarenessProgramme

The scope of the project, the corridorthrough which it will run, its main social and ecological impact, the way to prevent and mitigate this impact, and possible community involvementin the project should all be detailed at all levels, and a sum of at least $220,000,000pesos (US$207,547.17)should be allocatedto this.

* CommunityTraining Programme

The aim of this programmeis to make it possiblefor the local inhabitantsto be trained so that their standard of living can be raised and they can be offered work alternatives and the possibility of progress. A sum of $120,000,000pesos (US$113,207.17)isestimated for this programmefor the four years of the constructionperiod.

Relocationof Families

Entity Responsible:National Roads Institute

Aim: To provide personsevicted becauseof the Tobiagrande- Puerto Salgar project with housing,when such people hold no ownership certificates and can prove that they have been in possessionof their property for more than ten years.

Location: Those to be relocated belong to the following sectors affected by the project.

Strategy:A relocationplan is proposedfor those evicted due to construction of the road and who are going to suffer because of this due to the fact that they are not the owners of the land or the buildings.

Design: For the Tobiagrande - Puerto Salgar road project to be executed, land will have to be purchasedand in some cases people evicted from their homes.

14 There are apparently 12 families at risk. Each of these warrants an individual study so that a solution can be found to suit each particular problem. The specific objectiveof the programmeis to build a house for each family costing no more than $9,200,000pesos (US$8.67),in cases where it is proved to the National Roads Institute that the owner of the land has failed to protect the family in question. This relates to situations where someone who has possessed a home for more than ten years without paying any rent for it is evicted by the owner without indemnity.It does not apply in cases where the owner of the land built a house for the person or transferred him to another home.

Relocation should be done house by house, avoiding price increases in populatedcentres, and the agriculturalway of life of the affected population should be preserved. Relocation should maintain typical existing holding methods and social strata, although attempts should be made to improvethe standard of living. The relocation programmeshould seek to relocate people to land as near as possible to where they currently have their homes, so that neighbourhood ties and cultural identity links can be retained. The programmewill be agreed upon by direct negotiationwith those affected, and may be freely accepted. The company that carries out the project should draw up an inter-institutionalplan that will aim to bring other state institutions into the relocation programme, defining involvement strategies and contributions.

Form of Control:As this is a social projectwhere the impact will be very great, control should be shared between the supervisory service and the community.

Time for Introduction:After negotiationshave finished, and no more than one year after work has started on buildingthe road.

Cost: $110,400,000(US$104,150.94).

An average has been calculated of $9,200,000 (US$8.67) for each home, and that no more than twelve will be needed.

* Relocationof Schools

The aim is to guarantee continuity of schooling and educational objectives by replacing three (3) educational centres that will have to be demolished to make way for the road, as they stand on the right of way. If a construction cost of $200,000 (US$188.67)perm 2 is assumed,and likewise it is assumed

15 that the land will be donated by the Town Hall, the estimated cost will be $170,000,000pesos (US$160,377.36).

* Constructionof Cattle Crossings

The aim is to allow cattle and people to cross on lands that are divided by the building of the road. At least 28 of these cattle crossings will need to be built, at a total cost of $485,000,000(US$457,547.17).

4.10. ARCHAEOLOGICALRESCUE WORK

The aim is to rescue archaeological material and begin to set up an archaeologicalpark. A total of $240,000,000pesos (US$226,415.00)should be allocated to this work. The cost or archaeologicalrescue activities will be transferred from the National Roads Institute to the National Anthropology Institute during the period when the Concessionaireis being chosen. Once the Concessionairehas been selected,the Concessionaireshould reimburse this sum to the National Roads Institute within 30 days of the contract being signed.

4.11. FOLLOW-UPAND MONITORING

The Concessionaire should establish a follow-up programme for environmental variables and indicators that will enable the quality of the environmentto be determinedand the impact of the project to be monitored during both building and operation stages of the TOBIAGRANDE- PUERTO SALGAR road.

Water quality analyses will be carried out on the basis of physical-chemical parameters, and at least the following points should be analysed: pH, temperature, DBO, DQO, solids (total, dissolved and suspendedsolids), oils and fats, and total coliforms. The anticipated cost of these studies is $150,000 (US$141.50) for each sample. At least 18 samplings will be required, and 13 points have been estimated; the total cost will therefore be $35,100,000pesos (US$33,113.21).

Air quality analyses will be carried out on the basis of a determination of carbon monoxide concentration, particles in suspension, and noise levels. The anticipated cost of these studies is $2,500,000 (US$2,358.00)for each sampling. At least 6 samplings will be required at each point, and 8 points have been estimated; the total cost will therefore be $120,000,000 (US$113,207.55).

16 Cutting slope stability should be measuredon the basis of the displacement rate with respect to specific fixed reference points on the slope. Measurementsshould be made at all points defined as critical from the slope stability point of view. The anticipated cost of these studies is $1,000,000 (US$943.39)for each point. 16 points have been estimated,and the total cost will thereforebe $16,000,000pesos (US$15,094.34).

Recovery of the present ecosystem in the Negro river canyon will be measuredon the basis of expansionin the forestry cover on this slope. These analyses will be of both area covered and vegetation development, and thereforebiodiversity indicators should be included.

Aspects such as migration, health coverage, education, increases in the number of establishments,changes in land use and type of landholdingwill be determinedon the basis of individualstatistics obtained by the town halls and police inspections.

Monitoring work will prevent archaeological material being destroyed in highly-affected areas where remains still exist and also in areas where remainscould not be fully discernedduring archaeologicalprospecting due to their depth. The monthly cost of monitoring the works will be $5,000,000 (US$4,716.98).As a constructionperiod of 48 months is envisaged,the total cost will thereforebe $240,000,000(US$226,415.09).

Eight forms have been prepared for environmental follow-up activities: Contingency Report, Control of Quarry Activities, Control of Activities at Sources of Materials, Control of Activities on Building Waste Material Disposal Sites, Control of Activities on Work Fronts, Control of Activities in Tunnels, Control of Activitiesat Camps, and Control of Activitiesat Industrial Plants.

5. BUDGETAND EXECUTIONSCHEDULE

Table No. 1 shows the costs of each programmeand who is responsiblefor executing the EnvironmentalManagement Plan. Figure No. 3 gives the executionschedule for environmentalwork. Building activities are scheduled to last 48 months.

17 TABLE No. 1

BUDGET AND ENTITY RESPONSIBLEFOR EXECUTINGTHE ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE TOBIAGRANDE - PUERTOSALGAR ROAD

No. ACTIVITY WHO IS VALUE US $ RESPONSIBLE 1 Quality Control Concessionaire 6,150,000,000 5,801,886.79 2 EnvironmentalSupervision Supervisor 3,280,000,000 3,094,339.62 3 Control of Unstable Zones Builders 0 0.00 4 Relocationof EcopetrolMultiple Pipeline ECOPETROL 1,000,000,000 943,396.23 5 Gutters, Filters and Curbs Builders 0 0.00 6 Building of Drains & Pontoons Builders 0 0.00 7 Building of Bridges Builders 0 0.00 8 Building of Tunnels Builders 0 0.00 9 Final Disposal of BuildingWaste Materials Builders 1,720,000,000 1,622,641.51 10 Forestry Explotation Builder 0 0.00 11 Removal of Landslips Builder 585,000,000 551,886.79 12 Reductionof Dust Particlesin the Air Builder 80,000,000 75,471.70 13 Relocationof Cambras River Builder 0 0.00 14 Extractionof Quarry Materials Owner 0 0.00 15 Extractionof Materialsfrom Alluvial Sources etc. Owner 0 0.00 16 Managementof Staff Camps Builder 6,000,000 5,660.38 17 Managementof Transitory Camps Builder 13,000,000 12,264.15 18 Managementof Industrial Camps Builder 15,250,000 14,386.79 19 Managementof Materials Transportation Builder 0 0.00 20 MachineryManagement Builder 0 0.00 21 TemporarySignposting Builder 0 0.00 22 Negro river canyon forestry reserve Concessionaire 495,000,000 466,981.13 23 Replanting Concessionaire 882,000,000 832,075.47 24 Grassing Concessionaire 950,000,000 896,226.42 25 Tree Planting Concessionaire 782,600,000 738,301.89 26 MunicipalAdministration Support Programme Town Halls 200,000,000 188,679.25 27 CommunityTraining Programme Nat. Roads Inst. 120,000,000 113,207.55 28 Project InformationProgramme Nat. Roads Inst. 220,000,000 207,547.17 29 Logistic Support, Community Dev. Nat. Roads Inst. 1,265,000,000 1,193,396.23 Preventionand Control of Impactfor purposes of Demandfor 30 Servicesand Goods Town Halls 0 0.00 31 Supportfor Evicted Families Nat. Roads Inst. 110,400,000 104,150.94 32 Relocationof Schools Town Halls 170,000,000 160,377.36 33 Constructionof Cattle Crossings Builder 485,000,000 457,547.17 34 Guidelinesfor Hiring Regional Labour Concessionaire 0 0.00 35 Integral Managementof Camp Users Builder 0 0.00 36 EnvironmentalEducation Builder 50,000,000 47,169.81 37 ArchaeologicalRescue Work ICAN 240,000,000 226,415.09 38 Monitoring of Water Quality Concessionaire 35,100,000 33,113.21 39 Monitoring of Air Quality Concessionaire 120,000,000 113,207.55 40 Monitoring of Cutting Slopes Concessionaire 16,000,000 15,094.34 41 Monitoring of Recoveryof Negro River Canyon Ecosystem Concessionaire 0 0.00 42 Monitoring of DemographicAspects Concessionaire 0 0.00 43 Monitoring of Cultural and Economic Aspects Concessionaire 0 0.00 44 ArchaeologicalMonitoring ICAN 240,000,000 226,415.09

11. __ TOTAL 19,230,950,000 18,141,839.62 E.DL. LTDA SCHEDULEFOR EXECUTION IngeniemsConsulores ENVIROtMENTAL MANAGEMENTPLAN TOsaGRANDE - PUMTO SALGARROAD

No. ACTMTY 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 1919 10|11|12|13114 115| 16 17 1816i192021122i23 24125126127128129130| 3 2133134136138137 3139840J4114214314414614614714

-1 ua Cdt 1 - 2 EnvkonmmntlSupervion 2 3 ConvI of UnsbleZones 3 __EEE 4 Reocatbn of E rol MuNlpl Pipele 4 _ __| I II 1]1i I T i r rIr-r-1' 5 Guttem,Flere andCurbs 8 B of Drains & Pontoons 8 _ _ _ _ 7 Bu ig of c 7Tur_ _a 8 * n o_Tnnob 8 9 Firnl tp of Buikng \1e Malerisk 9 10 Foredryb lo1 _ _ iE r lrr r i r i i 11 Roval of La 11 _ _ _ _ _ 12 ReducIon of Dust Part_oles_I the Air_ _ 2 II3 ReEoston ofCambrns River 13 _____)]iIIlIi 14 Ex1 adon of ROarry oiNgrWoR 1s4 15 ExbKfton ofMalteis m Aluv'al SourcsssftS _Is ||I|II 17 MinanogndcrTntot totC cmps 167 18 litXnagrrntoftindudrlulConmP iS _ I I 19 tdotewdorMdTekTransportation 19______20 Medhewy Man 20 21 Teprar M unoew 21______23 RigPWf 23 _I __ |||||||§|i||||||||H H H H H ! -

26 tul* Adrminidtbtn Suppoft Pnrogrm 28 27 r4imuih Tm ktg2 P;rog....ra 27v!'.. 28 Pid hiwmton Pnzgram 2S 29 LogbW Su,mt Communiy Dowbopnint 29 -5 -d, 0 UKi;-tk i A A I S. io i*t cms a Wm 1 30 Prwention sand Controlof Impactfor Purpos of Dwmandfor Serv)es and Goods 30|||III|IIII1|I111i 31 Supportfor Evbt Familb 31 1 11111111111111111111111111 111 11 32 RelocationoftSchoo 32 1 1 111111111111f LL 1. L I 33 Costuction of C at Cm 331 1Ir r I Gu4 Ch for Hh Rsgbna Labour 34|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 35 ift _aflwwnr of camp Lbers_ 35

43 40 C of ufSSbpe 40 1b b, t D r l p 5 }P b T 41 ofndReoovery ofNagroR'ReCanyon Ecsyswm411IP IIIIIIIPlILIIP IIILPlIIIL lLIIIPl111I lII IIII

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TIONAL ROADS MnSTITUTE _INTTLITO COLOMBIANODE ANTROPOLOGLA ICAN _PRESA M COLOMBINA DE PETROLEOSECOPETROL CONCESSOKNAIRE _L LDER APPOINTEDBY THE CONCESSIONAIRE APPOINTEDBY THE CONCESSIONAIRE FIG. No.3 ENTITYAPPOINTED BY THE CONCESSIONAIRE FIRM APPOINTEDBY THE CONCESSIONAIRE TOWNHALLS OR REGIQAL ENTITIES