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Jean Mermoz High School Dakar Senegal JEAN MERMOZ HIGH SCHOOL DAKAR SENEGAL AFEX GRAND PRIX 2012 FOR FRENCH ARCHITECTURE WORLDWIDE LAUREATE SUMMARY THE NEW JEAN MERMOZ HIGH SCHOOL 2 Urban context 3 EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE 4 Part of the city 7 The place of empty spaces 7 Colours 8 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICS 10 Bio-climatic architecture 10 Construction : the ambition of simplicity 12 Water treatment 13 CLIENT, ARCHITECT, COMPANY 14 Quality in relation 14 Client 14 Design team 16 DATA SHEET 18 THE NEW JEAN MERMOZ As a new experience of bio-climatic HIGH SCHOOL architecture on an urban scale, the constructions and their implementa- tion are a result of a highly contextual initiative based on local resources to September 2006. The TERRE- develop solutions which are adapted NEUVE entry, with A. YEDID and to the know-how which can be mobi- ARCHITECTURE & CLIMAT, wins lised in Senegal today. Aware of envi- the first prize in the architectural ronmental issues in a country where design competition, organised by priorities are still often elsewhere, this AEFE (Agency for French Educa- shared initiative is also the result of a tion Abroad), to rebuild the Jean fruitful dialogue between the architects Mermoz French high school. and the client. Indeed, since the esta- blishment of its real estate department in 2005, AEFE has initiated a new ap- September 2010. After two years proach to contracting authority with a of construction, the high school strong wish to include local potential. opens the doors of its new buil- AEFE, contracting authority for French dings: 17,000 m², to welcome education establishments abroad, is 2,400 pupils – from nursery school very pleased that the completion of the to baccalaureate degree – teachers high school – which AEFE considers and administrative staff,while exemplary both as concerns its relation awaiting delivery, in 2011, of sports with the architects and its relation with equipment installed in the area the building company – coincides with where the old prefabs used to be. the 20th anniversary of its establish- ment as an EPA (public administrative March 2012. The AFEX Grand body). Prix 2012 for French Architecture worldwide is awarded to the new Phase 2, the construction of the sports Jean Mermoz high school. facilities where the old prefab buildings used to be is in progress and is com- pleted in the course of 2011. 1 1. aerial view June 2010 before the demolition of the prefabs of the old high school 2 2. Ouakam district 2 3 Urban context The Mermoz high school is located in enclosed and hardly visible from the the Ouakam district, along the wes- urban area. Thanks to its size, the site tern coast road of the Dakar peninsu- can also welcome the French commu- la. The new buildings replace the old nity in case of crisis. The project tends high school, provisionally built in 1994 to minimize the nuisances imposed on from precarious prefabricated modular the environment nearby and in parti- constructions yet benefitting from a hi- cular on the existing urban networks. ghly appreciated vegetal environment. Traffic and parking of school buses and private cars take place within the scho- The school complex welcomes pupils ol boundaries; There is no signposting from nursery school level to bacca- nor anticipation: the environmental laureate level. It includes an adminis- preoccupations which regulated the trative unit and common facilities such project as from its competition phase as a documentation centre, a school find here their daily applications within restaurant, a movable seating mul- their ecological, economic and urban ti-purpose hall for different events, a contexts. gymnasium and sport facilities. The French high school has particular rela- tions with the surrounding district and there are only two points of contact with the city. It is almost completely Jean Mermoz high school Dakar Senegal 3 EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE The building of the French high school of Dakar is realized in a new political context where budget restrictions force us to think differently. This strong programme restraint constituted a lever for the project’s sustainable development challenges. In using local resources and know-how to limit imported techniques and products, the project focused not only on territorial and environmental cohesion but also on economic and social cohesion. The project also wanted to highlight that an alternative to Dakar real estate production, which transposes more often than not an international architecture, very much dissociated from the Senegalese context, could exist…It was once more in this spirit of adapting to the country throughout the studies that a Senegalese construction company, GE, awarded the contract to build the high school. 4 5 Inseparable from architectural concept, the common spaces, administration, the environmental steps were taken documentation centre, multi-purpose progressively. As from the competi- hall, restaurant, gymnasium in a com- tion it was our aim to transcend the position governed by the circulation of objectives of simplicity and functional the trade winds. The solar protection efficiency of the programme to reach of this entity defines, by means of a a specific architecture: contemporary unifying protective roof, the physiogno- in its form, economical in its cost and my of the project as concerns class- autonomous in its functioning. room buildings which have galleries on one side – indispensable for traditional « The nature of the materials, the at- tropical architecture – and double ven- mospheric variations (sun, wind, rain, tilating walls. dust, temperature differences) are per- manent architectural conditions » said As a spatial conceptual consequence Auguste Perret. there is a rich ambiguity which charac- terises the project between the interior It is this fundamentally architectural ba- and the exterior, offering pupils and sis which determines the composition, teachers full space for education or for the nature of spaces and architectural leisure. applications. We immersed ourselves climatically, socially, culturally but more so in the field of bio-climatic architec- ture, for example the experiments of André Ravéreau in North Africa or Lau- rie Baker in India. The general design connects with un- dulating strips the classrooms with Jean Mermoz high school Dakar Senegal 5 EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE cite scolaire jean-mermoz a dakar, senegal terreneuve entree eleves maternelle esplanade lycee/college elementaire bcd administration cdi salle polyvalente restaurant gymnase plateau sportif entree personnel plan masse 6 7 Part of the city The place of empty spaces Cap Vert peninsula. A large roof covers the common spaces of the high school, As the importance of the programme The intertwining of the empty spaces administration, documentation centre, imposes a certain function repetiti- and the full ones, as can be seen on restaurant and gymnasium but also veness, spatial organisation relies on the ground plan, generates numerous connecting cross-sectional pathways. empty spaces to offer differentiated transition spaces between the different Taking into account the climate, all the paths. As in cities, the variety of em- equipment entities. The implantation paths are outside, as full living spaces, pty spaces, obtained by the flexible of education buildings in narrow strips architectural promenades and solar fragmentation and articulation of the creates shady interspaces, elongated protections. Rocks, vegetation, ground buildings takes precedence over the and narrow patios open at the ends and surface materials design are also an in- constructive uniformity. Limiting the refreshed by the plantations the shape tegrated part of the project, as are the school to 2 levels and the high school of which fosters air circulation. Cross- sun-shading devices and the vegetated to 3 levels authorises greater proximity sectional connecting passageways playground-pergolas with bougain- of the buildings and conciliates the hu- interrupt this linear geometry and pro- villea and other tropical plants. man and urban scales. vide perspectives of the city, the sky and the Mamelles, the only relief of the Jean Mermoz high school Dakar Senegal 7 EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE Colours Solar protection and facade constitution led to dense and deep colours for the exterior, visually comfortable since there is little reflection. The choice of colours, made with the participation of the Catalan plasticist Miquel MONT, is based on the different shades of laterite which is omnipresent in Dakar and which reinforces the 1 links with the region. A prome- nade therefore features colour sur- prises which punctuate and signal identifiable spaces. Couleurs Thoughts on the colour treatment the environment, led to the choice of a of the Jean Mermoz high school in dense and reddish colour range, inspi- Dakar. Miquel Mont, October 2010. red by the local soil, notably laterite. The choice of colours was focused on a Three main tints, T1, T2 and T3 were range which was coherent with the de- implemented for the facades and com- sign and the spirit of the project. It was bined with other colours chosen for necessary to distinguish in a subtle way the paths, passageways, staircases. A the different buildings and the patios light grey, T0, was chosen for the pas- linked to the passageways of the whole sageways to create a plastic and spatial high school while maintaining a global contrast between the façade and the 1. high school corridors view of the other areas of the project: paths. 2. primary school documentation centre, multi-purpose hall, restaurant,
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