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ミルスペース 110629------[What’S New in Virtual Library?] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -ミルスペース 110629- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [What’s New in Virtual Library?] DefenseNews 110613AWST_Contents.pdf. Cover.jpg 110606DN_Cover.pdf, Cover.jpg NASA MSFC MarshallStar 110530DN_Cover.pdf, Cover.jpg 110622Marshall Star_Cover.pdf, Covere.jpg AW&ST 110608Marshall Star_Cover.pdf, Covere.jpg 110620AWST_Contents.pdf. Cover.jpg 110601Marshall Star_Cover.pdf, Covere.jpg [What’s New in Reaｌ Library?] [謝辞] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NASA MSFC(Marshall Space Flight Center) の発行している新聞 Marshall Star のアーカイブのページが変更に http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/about/star/index.html ← http://marshallstar.msfc.nasa.gov/ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2011.6.29 01:32 sankei.jp.msn.com/science/ 宇宙ごみ接近で一時避難 ＩＳＳで古川さんら インタファクス通信によると、日本人宇宙飛行士古川聡さんらが滞在 から２５０m の地点を通過ぎ、乗員らはＩＳＳに戻った。宇宙ごみ接近に するＩＳＳに２８日、宇宙ごみが接近し、古川さんを含む乗員６人がＩＳ 気付くのが遅れ、回避措置が取れなかった。（共同） Ｓに連結されている宇宙船ソユーズに一時避難した。宇宙ごみはＩＳＳ http://sankei.jp.msn.com/science/news/110629/scn11062901340000-n1.htm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Jun 28, 2011 physicsworld.com 有名なブラックホールが 40 年後に確認された Famous black hole confirmed after 40 years "There's no doubt about its distance now, and there's not much uncertainty anymore about its mass," says Mark Reid of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts. "It's definitely a black hole." A black hole is a star that has run out of fuel and died, collapsing into a small body with such enormous gravity that nothing escapes its grip. First identified as harbouring a possible black hole in 1971, Cygnus X-1 was one of the first sources of X-rays discovered by astronomers. It is found in the constellation Cygnus the Swan, A black hole after all also known as the Northern Cross, and is one of the most Using a vast array of radio telescopes, astronomers in North studied objects in the sky. It even inspired a 10-minute song by America are the first to make a direct measurement of the the Canadian rock band Rush about how the stars of the distance to Cygnus X-1, allowing them to conclude that the Northern Cross were "in mourning for their sister's loss". mass of its dark star is so great it can only be a black hole. They A neutron star instead? have also discovered that the black hole spins faster than most of its peers. Thorne Reid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_Thorne http://www.nrao.edu/pr/2008/vlbiastrometry/ However, some scientists were sceptical of its black hole and in 1 1974 Stephen Hawking bet Caltech's Kip Thorne that Cygnus even more massive, at about 19 solar masses. X-1 did not have a black hole. Instead, the dark object might be a neutron star, a less extreme type of dead star. The key to the controversy involved a mundane fact: its distance from Earth. The dark star in Cygnus X-1 orbits a hot blue star every 5.6 days. But without knowing its distance from us, no-one could say how much light the blue star emits. The closer Cygnus X-1 is to us, the less powerful this star must be, therefore the less mass it Gies must have. And the less massive this star, the less mass the http://www.chara.gsu.edu/~gies/ dark star whose gravity tugs the bright one has. If the dark star "The radio estimate of the parallax is a wonderful achievement," has less than three times the Sun's mass, it could be a neutron says Douglas Gies, an astronomer at Georgia State University in star rather than a black hole. Recent distance estimates have Atlanta who is not affiliated with the research team. "It is an favoured a higher mass – Hawking conceded defeat two decades extraordinary result." ago – but these have been indirect. The best way to measure Spinning rapidly distance is through parallax – the small shift in a star's apparent The researchers also found that the black hole spins at 97% of position that results as we view it from different perspectives its maximum possible speed. They deduce this by observing while Earth goes around the Sun. But Cygnus X-1 is so distant X-rays from a disc of hot gas that whirls around the black hole – that optical astronomers can't measure its tiny parallax. gas that the black hole has torn from its unfortunate partner. Huge array of telescopes The general theory of relativity says that the faster a black hole Fortunately, Cygnus X-1 emits radio waves, so Reid and his spins, the closer an object can circle it on a stable orbit. The colleagues took aim at the object with the Very Long Baseline part of the gaseous disc closest to the black hole is the hottest. Array (VLBA), which consists of ten 25 m radio telescopes For Cygnus X-1, the inner edge is so hot that it must be very scattered from New England and the Virgin Islands to California close to the black hole, thus the black hole spins fast. The gas at and Hawaii. This huge array measures positions 100 times better the disc's inner edge revolves at half the speed of light, than the Hubble Space Telescope. "Cygnus X-1 produced completing 670 orbits every second. beautiful data," says Reid, "and we were able to get a very accurate distance." The parallax indicates that Cygnus X-1 is 6050 light-years from Earth, with an uncertainty of just 400 light-years. From this the astronomers deduce that the dark star is 14.8 times more massive than the Sun; the uncertainty is just one solar mass, so the object is far above the dividing line Croswell between neutron stars and black holes. The blue star it orbits is http://earthsky.org/scientists/ken-croswell The astronomers have submitted three papers to The Astrophysical Journal, one on the distance, one on the mass, and one on the spin. Preprints are available on arXiv. About the author Ken Croswell is an astronomer and author of The Lives of Stars http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/46362 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - June 28 – 2011 www.sorae.jp/ 新火星探査車「MSL」、ケネディ宇宙センタに到着 今年 11 月の打上げに向けて、NASA 新火星探査車「マーズ・サイエン 「設計及び製造がほぼ終わり、火星に向かう前に、私たちは最終的な ス・ラボラトリ（MSL）＝キュリオシティ」がケネディ宇宙センタ（KSC）に到 試験を開始予定です」「キュリオシティ」到着を受け、設計マネージャで 着。「キュリオシティ」を載せた米空軍 C-17 輸送機は 6 月 22 日、カリ あるデーヴィッド・グルーアル（David Gruel）氏は述べた。今後、「キュリオ フォルニア州ジェット推進研究所（JPL）を出発し、フロリダ州に到着。 シティ」はケネディ宇宙センタのペイロード組立施設へと運ばれ、耐熱な 2 どの機能試験、フライトソフト更新、ミッション準備試験などが行われる。 ティ」を降ろし、「キュリオシティ」着地を確認後、再び上昇し、離れた地 「キュリオシティ」打上げは元々2009 年 10 月予定されていたが、ハード 点に落下。 開発及び試験が間に合わなかったため、打上げは 2011 年 11 月 25 日、火星着陸は 2012年8月に延期されている。「キュリオシティ」はこ れまで開発されたローバ中で最も大きく、計 10 種の観測装置を搭載、 より大きなホイールを使って、広範囲にわたっての調査ができる。また、 太陽電池ではなく、原子力電池を用い、季節や砂塵の影響を受けず に活動が可能だという。さらに、「キュリオシティ」は従来のエアバッグ方式 でなく、「スカイ・クレーン（Sky Crane）」と呼ばれる新方式で火星表面 に着陸する。火星大気圏に突入し、パラシュート減速した後、降下部 分（ディセント・ステージ）がロケットエンジンを点火しさらに減速。そして、 降下部分が上空約 10m の地点で滞空し、クレーンを使って「キュリオシ Image credit: NASA ■NASA Mars Rover Arrives in Florida After Cross-Country Flight http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/news/msl20110623.html http://www.sorae.jp/031006/4426.html - - - - - - - - - - 同報- - - - - - - - - - - Fri, Jun 24, 2011, 5:41 AM ET (0941 GMT) www.spacetoday.net/Summary/ Mars rover arrives at Cape Canaveral aircraft, which flew the spacecraft from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. MSL, the most advanced Mars rover built, is scheduled for launch late this year from Cape Canaveral on an Atlas 5 rocket. The $2-billion rover was originally slated to launch in 2009, but delays in its development pushed the launch NASA's next Mars spacecraft arrived at Cape Canaveral this back to the next launch window late this year. Earlier this month week in preparation for its launch later this year. The Mars a report by the NASA's inspector general warned that the Science Laboratory (MSL), also known as Curiosity, arrived at project could require additional funding in order to stay on track the Kennedy Space Center on Thursday on board a C-17 cargo for launch this year. Related Links: ◆ Florida Today article http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20110624/NEWS02/106240318/New-Mars-rover-preparing-launch-KSC?odyssey=tab|topnews|text|Space%20News ◆ Reuters article http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/23/us-space-mars-idUSTRE75M7XK20110623 ◆ SPACE.com article http://www.space.com/12056-nasa-mars-rover-curiosity-florida-launch-site.html ◆ AP article http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110623/ap_on_sc/us_sci_mars_science_lab ◆ NASA press release http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/jun/HQ_11-201_Mars_Rover.html http://www.spacetoday.net/Summary/5318 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - June 27, 2011 Boulder County Business Report www.bcbr.com/ By Michael Davidson ドリーム・チェイサープロジェクトがマイルストーンを越える Dream Chaser project hits milestones LOUISVILLE - The Sierra Nevada Corp. announced last week SNC in April received an $80 million grant from NASA as part of that work on its vehicle for manned spaceflight has passed two its Commercial Crew Development Program. The program, now in milestones. The spacecraft, named the Dream Chaser, is being its second phase, is intended to assist private companies develop built in Louisville. It will carry a crew of up to seven and be able vehicles that will replace the Space Shuttle. The grant depends to carry astronauts and cargo to low-earth orbit and the on SNC meeting several milestones over the next year. The first International Space Station. Like the Space Shuttle, the Dream two were passed in June and were a systems requirements Chaser will take off on a rocket and land on a runway like a plane. review and a test of an
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