THE PAPERS OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

Initiated, by

The King Center

in association with

Stanford University Martín Luther King, Jr., and Coretta Scott King say grace with their children Yolanda King and Martin Luther King III, 1961. Photo by William Diehl. THE PAPERS OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

VOLUME VI

Advocate of the Social Gospel September 1948-March 1963

Senior Editor

Clayborne Carson

Volume Editors

Susan Carson Susan Englander Troy Jackson Gerald L. Smith

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

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Writings of Martin Luther King, Jr., © 2007 by the Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr. Introduction, editorial footnotes, and apparatus © 2007 by the Martin Luther King, Jr., Papers Project. © 2007 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address queries as appropriate to: Reproduction in print or recordings of the works of Martin Luther King, Jr.: the Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., in Atlanta, Georgia. All other queries: Rights Department, University of California Press, 2120 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, California 94704.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968. The papers of Martin Luther King, Jr. V. 6. Advocate of the social gospel, September 1948-March 1963. Contents: V. 1. Called to serve, January 1929-June 1951 — V. 2. Rediscovering precious values, July 1951— November 1955— V. 3. Birth of a new age, December 1955-December 1956— V. 4. Symbol of the movement, January 1957-December 1958— V. 5. Threshold of a new decade, January 1959-December i960. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10 0-520-24874-0 1SBN-13 978-0-520-24874-8 (cloth: alk. paper). 1. Afro-Americans—Civil rights. 2. Civil rights movements— United States—History—20th century. 3. King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968—Archives. 4. United States—Race relations. I. Carson, Claybome, 1944- . II. Carson, Susan. III. Englander, Susan. IV. Jackson, Troy. V. Smith, Gerald L. VI. Tide.

E185.97.K5A2 2007

323'o92—dC22 91-42336

Manufactured in the United States of America

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The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper). To Coretta Scott King (1927-2006) whose vision inspired these volumes

On the one hand I must attempt to change the souCof individuals so that their societies may be changed. On the other I must attempt to change the societies so that the individual soul will have a chance. Therefore, I must be concerned about unemployment, slums and economic insecurity. I am a profound advocator of the social gospel.

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. Fall 1948 The editors of the Martin Luther King, Jr., Papers Project wish to acknowledge the generosity of the following major contributors, without whose support this volume would not have been possible:

Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute Founding Endowment Donors Ronnie Lott / All Stars Helping Kids The Mumford Family—Agape Foundation

Sustaining Contributors Ronnie Lott / All Stars Helping Kids Myra Reinhard Family Foundation /All Stars Helping Kids

Major Contributors Betty A. Williams Curtis and G. Russell Curtis, Sr. The Flora and William Hewlett Foundation Lilly Endowment Inc. National Endowment for the Humanities National Historical Publications and Records Commission The Peninsula Community Foundation Stanford University Woodside Summit Group, Inc.

Patrons Wayne Duckworth Mary McKinney Edmonds Bonnie Fisher and Boris Dramov Indy MAC Bancorp, Inc. (in honor of Lydia Kennard Reeves) Leonard Merrill Kurz and the Kurz Family Foundation Carolyn and Cordell Olive Jim C. Robinson Mario and Rachelle Shane Jean and Lewis Wolff (the Wolff Family Private Foundation) Donors Rosalina and Charles Abboud Patricia and Royal Alsup Bettina Aptheker Herbert Aptheker Carolyn and John Barnes Jacqueline Bowles Sara and Harold Boyd Richard P. and Jane F. Brummel Harvey L. Cole Rabbi Sidney Akselrad, Congregation Beth Am George Counts Nadine Cruz and Laurence Ulrich Candace Falk George M. Fredrickson Lettie and Dr. Robert Green Kris S. Hanamoto John and Marthelia Hargrove Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham Rosalind C. Hooper Evelyn Kelsey Jenna Klein Earl Lawson Steven F. Lawson Edward and Stephanie Leland Jay and Elise Miller Keith Miller R V. Oakford Laura F. and Keisho Okayama Henry P. Organ Steven Phillips Pittsburg Branch NAACP Judith Prather Arnold Rampersad Joan S. Reid Eric Roberts and Lauren Rusk Beverly Ryder Susana G. and John Smith Robert Tasto and Sallie Reid Gautam Venkatesan Merti Walker Kimberly and Tyrone Willingham Rosalind Wolf Peter Zeughauser, the Zeughauser Group