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Descriptions of Some Native Trypetid Flies with Notes on Their Habits
: I ~ ~12B ~ WI2.B Ii: I~ ~II~ 1.0 W ~ IIIII~ ~Iii 2.2 ~W .2 ~ ~ &:.; W &:.; Ii£ :rL\.l W :rL\.l W U M 1.1 ...... 1.1 .......'" M --- - III:! 1.8 111111.25 11111 1.4 111111.6 111111.25 11111 1.4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU or SlANOARDS·196J-A NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A ~========~=~=~========~ TI!CHNICAL BJLLETIN No. 401 ~ JANUARY 1934 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON, D.C. DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NATIVE TRYPETID FLIES WITH NOTES ON THEIR HABITS By FOSTER H. BENJAMIN, associate entomologist, Dit·ision" of Ident'ijication and Classification of Insects, BurealL of E 107llQlogy CONTENTS Page Page Introduction.•_•.•••••..•••••_.••_._._...... 1 The genus Ntaspilota Osten·Sncken.._..._.. 3~ Relationships and Rtructurul characters...... 2 Neaspilola achilleae Johnson. •. ......... 37 Charneters used in elllSSillcution .•.."""" 3 Ncaspi/o/a alba (Loew)..... ............ 3; Economic importance o( the group ... '''''' 7 lYeaspitota PILllcti.,ligma. n~w specie:,..... 38 Key to the genera and subgenern (ound in Neaspi/o/a dolosa, new species. _......_... 39 Florida................ .......•.••....••• 8 The ~ellus Parru:Ylla Hendel. .............._ 40 The genus Tru:olrvpa11U Gcrstaecker......... 10 ParoxUlla thomae (Curmn).... .......... 41 Tru:olrvpa11U curvicauda Oerstllecker...... II Parru:Yllu pieciola (Big;ot). .............. 42 The genus Rh"gokt~, Loow. .•.. .• . ..•. .•• t2 The genus Xanthaciura fiende!.. __ ...... .... 43 Rhdgoletill cillvulata (Loew). ............. 13 XU7lthacillTU i1lllecta (Lollw).............. 44 Rha()olet~y pomollellu (Walsh)............ 14 ~¥anthaciuHl cOInlaiollis, new spccies_ ___ 45 Rhagokti., zephvria Snow_....... .•.•.•.• 16 Xall/ilaciltTU letraSpill" (Phillips). __ ...__ 46 The genus Zonllllemata, new genus...... ..... 17 The genus Acinia Robinc!lu·Desvoidy. -
Hot Peppers As a Host for the Mexican Fruit Fly Anastrepha Ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Scientific Notes 603 HOT PEPPERS AS A HOST FOR THE MEXICAN FRUIT FLY ANASTREPHA LUDENS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) DONALD B. THOMAS United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, 2413 E. Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 On the 28th of April, 2003, a shipment of man- will breed in rotting vegetable matter including zano chile peppers (Capsicum pubescens Ruis & chile peppers, but these are non-pest species, and Pavon cv Rocoto) entering the United States at this incident involved sound fruit (Fig. 1). No Pharr, Texas, was found to be infested with insect dipterans are listed as economic pests of chile pep- larvae. USDA inspectors first noted maggots pers by English & Lewis (2004). Baker et al. crawling in the bed of the truck underneath the 16 (1944) cited incidents of A. ludens in “bell peppers cardboard boxes (240 Kg) containing the chile pep- and chili peppers” and there are equally ambigu- pers. Further inspection confirmed that the larvae ous reports of another tephritid, Zonosemata vitti- were in, and emerging from, the fleshy pods. Two gera (Coquillet), taken in “peppers” (Cole 1969). of the larvae were immediately preserved in alco- Zonosemata electa (Say) is known as the “pepper hol while 50 more larvae were kept alive. All spec- maggot” (Peterson 1960) and has been reared imens were hand carried to the nearby USDA- from “Capsicum annuum L.” (Smith & Bush ARS laboratory in Weslaco, Texas for identifica- 1999). The latter solanaceous plant species in- tion. Microscopic examination established that cludes both hot and sweet peppers. -
Superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea (Dip- Tera: Brachycera) Kaj Winqvist & Jere Kahanpää
20 © Sahlbergia Vol. 12: 20–32, 2007 Checklist of Finnish flies: superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea (Dip- tera: Brachycera) Kaj Winqvist & Jere Kahanpää Winqvist, K. & Kahanpää, J. 2007: Checklist of Finnish flies: superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea (Diptera: Brachycera). — Sahlbergia 12:20-32, Helsinki, Finland, ISSN 1237-3273. Another part of the updated checklist of Finnish flies is presented. This part covers the families Lonchaeidae, Pallopteridae, Piophilidae, Platystomatidae, Tephritidae, Ulididae, Coelopidae, Dryomyzidae, Heterocheilidae, Phaeomyii- dae, Sciomyzidae and Sepsidae. Eight species are recorded from Finland for the first time. The following ten species have been erroneously reported from Finland and are here deleted from the Finnish checklist: Chaetolonchaea das- yops (Meigen, 1826), Earomyia crystallophila (Becker, 1895), Lonchaea hirti- ceps Zetterstedt, 1837, Lonchaea laticornis Meigen, 1826, Prochyliza lundbecki (Duda, 1924), Campiglossa achyrophori (Loew, 1869), Campiglossa irrorata (Fallén, 1814), Campiglossa tessellata (Loew, 1844), Dioxyna sororcula (Wie- demann, 1830) and Tephritis nigricauda (Loew, 1856). The Finnish records of Lonchaeidae: Lonchaea bruggeri Morge, Lonchaea contigua Collin, Lonchaea difficilis Hackman and Piophilidae: Allopiophila dudai (Frey) are considered dubious. The total number of species of Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea found from Finland is now 262. Kaj Winqvist, Zoological Museum, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. Email: [email protected] Jere Kahanpää, Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland. Email: kahanpaa@iki.fi Introduction new millennium there was no concentrated The last complete checklist of Finnish Dipte- Finnish effort to study just these particular ra was published in Hackman (1980a, 1980b). groups. Consequently, before our work the Recent checklists of Finnish species have level of knowledge on Finnish fauna in these been published for ‘lower Brachycera’ i.e. -
1 a Checklist of Arthropods Associated with Rat Carrion in a Montane Locality
1 A checklist of arthropods associated with rat carrion in a montane locality of northern Venezuela. Yelitza Velásquez Laboratorio de Biología de Organismos, Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Apartado Postal 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela Tel.: +58-212-504.1052; fax: +58-212-504.1088; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This is the first report of arthropods associated with carrion in Venezuela, using laboratory bred rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rat carcasses were exposed to colonization by arthropods in neighboring montane savanna and cloud forest habitats in the state of Miranda. The taxonomic composition of the arthropods varied between both ecosystems. Scarabaeidae, Silphidae, Micropezidae, Phoridae, Vespidae and one species of ant, were collected only in the cloud forest. Dermestes maculatus, Chrysomya albiceps, Termitidae and most species of ants, were found only in the savanna. Fourteen species were considered to be of primary forensic importance: Dermestes maculatus, Oxelytrum discicolle, Calliphora sp., Cochliomyia macellaria, Compsomyiops sp., Chrysomya albiceps, Phaenicia cuprina, P. sericata, P. eximia, Fannia sp., Puliciphora sp., Megaselia scalaris, Ravina sp. and Sarcophaga sp. Key words: Coleoptera, Diptera, Forensic entomology, Venezuela. Introduction There is relatively little information available regarding insects associated with animal carrion and human corpses in South America [1]. In Brazil, Moura et al. [2] made a preliminary analysis of the insects of medico-legal importance in Curitiba, in the state of 2 Paraná; Carvalho et al. [3] identified arthropods associated with pig carrion and human corpses in Campinas, in the state of São Paulo. Recently, forensic entomology was applied to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) in homicide investigations by the Rio de Janeiro Police Department, Brasil [4]. -
13-09-03-Chilli-Manual
PIP GUIDE TO GOOD CROP PROTECTION PRACTICES FOR CHILLIES (Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum chinense) AND SWEET PEPPERS (Capsicum annuum) COLEACP is an interprofessional network promoting sustainable horticultural trade. The PIP Programme, implemented by COLEACP, has two overriding objectives: to enable ACP companies to comply with European food safety and traceability requirements; and to consolidate the position of small-scale producers in the ACP horticultural export sector. www.coleacp.org/pip PIP is fi nanced by the European Development Fund. Programme PIP COLEACP - UGPIP The present document was produced with the support of the European Development Fund. The opinions expressed herein represent those of COLEACP/PIP and do not portray the offi cial views Rue du Trône, 98 bte 3 - B-1050 Brussels - Belgium of the European Commission. Tel.: +32 (0)2 508 10 90 - Fax: +32 (0)2 514 06 32 1. Main pests and diseases Document drawn up by PIP/MU with the technical collaboration of: The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Plant Health Division/ Horticultural Programme The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology. P. O. Box 30772-0100, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel: +254 (0) 20 863 2000 Fax: + 254 (0) 20 863 2001 and 863 2002 Home Page: http//www.icipe.org Pictures credits: - Gilles Delhove - ICIPE : A.M. Varela, B. Nyambo, A.A. Seif Note The Guide to Good Plant Protection Practices details all plant protection practices regarding the production of the fruit or vegetables in question and recommends primarily the active substances supported by pesticides manufacturers in the framework of EU Directive 91/414, which must comply with European standards for pesticide residues. -
Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Host Status Determination: Critical Conceptual, Methodological, and Regulatory Considerations∗
ANRV330-EN53-24 ARI 2 November 2007 18:52 Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Host Status Determination: Critical Conceptual, Methodological, and Regulatory Considerations∗ Martın´ Aluja1 and Robert L. Mangan2 1Instituto de Ecologıa,´ A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico;´ email: [email protected] 2Kika de la Garza ARC, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, Texas; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2008. 53:473–502 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on host plant, oviposition behavior, host range evolution, quarantine September 17, 2007 pest, risk analysis, systems approach The Annual Review of Entomology is online at ento.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: Although fruit fly host status determination/designation lies at the 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093350 heart of strategic decisions on national and international trade of Copyright c 2008 by Annual Reviews. fruit and vegetables, all attempts thus far to define host plant sta- All rights reserved by Wageningen UR on 02/01/08. For personal use only. tus have been contentious and as a result long-standing disputes 0066-4170/08/0107-0473$20.00 between commercial partners throughout the world have lingered ∗ The U.S. Government has the right to retain a over decades. Part of the problem is that too little effort has been nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any devoted to understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in copyright covering this paper. host plant use by fruit flies and that instead economic and political Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2008.53:473-502. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org interests usually prevail. -
Flies) Benjamin Kongyeli Badii
Chapter Phylogeny and Functional Morphology of Diptera (Flies) Benjamin Kongyeli Badii Abstract The order Diptera includes all true flies. Members of this order are the most ecologically diverse and probably have a greater economic impact on humans than any other group of insects. The application of explicit methods of phylogenetic and morphological analysis has revealed weaknesses in the traditional classification of dipteran insects, but little progress has been made to achieve a robust, stable clas- sification that reflects evolutionary relationships and morphological adaptations for a more precise understanding of their developmental biology and behavioral ecol- ogy. The current status of Diptera phylogenetics is reviewed in this chapter. Also, key aspects of the morphology of the different life stages of the flies, particularly characters useful for taxonomic purposes and for an understanding of the group’s biology have been described with an emphasis on newer contributions and progress in understanding this important group of insects. Keywords: Tephritoidea, Diptera flies, Nematocera, Brachycera metamorphosis, larva 1. Introduction Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of a taxonomic group of organisms. Phylogeny is essential in understanding the biodiversity, genetics, evolution, and ecology among groups of organisms [1, 2]. Functional morphology involves the study of the relationships between the structure of an organism and the function of the various parts of an organism. The old adage “form follows function” is a guiding principle of functional morphology. It helps in understanding the ways in which body structures can be used to produce a wide variety of different behaviors, including moving, feeding, fighting, and reproducing. It thus, integrates concepts from physiology, evolution, anatomy and development, and synthesizes the diverse ways that biological and physical factors interact in the lives of organisms [3]. -
Factors Regulating the Population Dynamics and Damage Potential of Pollen Beetle (Meligethes Aeneus F.) on Crops of Oilseed Rape
Factors regulating the population dynamics and damage potential of pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) on crops of oilseed rape Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Agrarwissenschaften der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von Marie-Luise Tölle geboren in Gifhorn Göttingen, Mai 2014 D 7 1. Referentin/Referent: Prof. Dr. Stefan Vidal 2. Korreferentin/Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Andreas von Tiedemann Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 12.05.2011 Contents Table of contents page Chapter I General introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 The pest: Meligethes aeneus ............................................................................................. 2 Factors influencing the population dynamics of pollen beetle ............................................ 3 Possible effects of insecticides on population growth and damage of pollen beetle ........... 4 Parasitoids and parasitisation of pollen beetle ................................................................... 5 Trap cropping in oilseed rape ............................................................................................ 6 References ........................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter II Cultivar and phenology of winter oilseed rape affect the abundance and reproduction of Meligethes aeneus (Fabricius) ......................................................................................11 -
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
REVISION OF THE TWO-WINGED FLIES OF THE FAMILY CLUSIIDAE. By A. L. Melander and Naomi George Argo, Of the State College of Washington, Pullman. The family Clusiidae, sometimes called the Heteroneuridae or the Clusiodidae, is generally regarded as one of the rarer groups of the Diptera. Seldom are its members met with in more than solitary individuals. In our experience in collecting a hundred thousand specimens of Diptera but a few dozen representatives of Clusiidae have been encountered. Previously there have been described from the entire world 13 valid genera and 55 species. Aldrich's Catalogue in 1905 listed but 2 genera and 12 species as known from North America. The sub- sequent publications of Johnson and Malloch have added 11 recog- nized new species to the American list. Fifteen species have been described from Europe and the same number from South America, while four species have been recorded from the islands south of Asia. The material secured for the present study, amounting to some 400 specimens, has produced 52 species, of which 25 are new. With the extension in distribution of species originally described from Europe or South America there are now known to occur in North America, including Central America, a total of 58 species belonging to 7 genera. Thus in its present status the family includes 80 recognized species distributed among 13 genera. The Clusiidae are restricted in their distribution to Europe, North and South America, and the East Indies. No species have been described from Africa, Australia, or Asia, but there is mention by Lefroy of the occurrence of an undetermined species in India. -
Area-Wide Management of Fruit Fly Pests
Compendium of Fruit Fly 27 Host Plant Information The USDA Primary Reference in Establishing Fruit Fly Regulated Host Plants Nicanor J. Liquido*, Grant T. McQuate, Karl A. Suiter, Allen L. Norrbom, Wee L. Yee, and Chiou Ling Chang CONTENTS 27.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................364 27.2 Methods ..............................................................................................................................364 27.3 Results and Discussion .......................................................................................................365 27.3.1 Comprehensive Fruit Fly Species-Specific Host Plant Databases and Provisional Host Lists ...........................................................................................365 27.3.2 Tephritidae Databases ...........................................................................................366 27.3.3 Host Plants of the Dacinae of the Pacific Islands ................................................. 367 27.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 367 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... 367 References ......................................................................................................................................368 Abstract The inherent ecological adaptiveness -
Rhagoletis Completa
Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003 Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Rhagoletis completa IDENTITY • Rhagoletis completa Name: Rhagoletis completa Cresson Synonyms: Rhagoletis suavis subsp. completa Cresson Taxonomic position: Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae Common names: Walnut husk fly (English) Mouche des brous du noyer (French) Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature: In the previous edition of this data sheet (EPPO/CABI, 1992), R. suavis was treated as a synonym of R. completa. In this edition, it is treated as a separate species (see below). Bayer computer code: RHAGCO EU Annex designation: I/A1 • Rhagoletis suavis Name: Rhagoletis suavis (Loew) Synonyms: Trypeta suavis Loew Bayer computer code: RHAGSU EU Annex designation: I/A1 HOSTS • Rhagoletis completa The principal hosts are Juglans spp. In North America, J. nigra, J. californica and J. hindsii are attacked (Bush, 1966). Under certain conditions peaches (Prunus persica) may be attacked (Bush, 1966) but the significance of this is not clear. Wild hosts are other Juglans spp. (Foote, 1981). In the EPPO region, the only economically significant host might be walnuts (J. regia). Although there was only one old record, possibly a misidentification, on this host in North America (Cresson, 1929), there were records of high levels of infestation of walnut fruits in 1991 in some Italian orchards. • Rhagoletis suavis Recorded from Juglans ailanthifolia, J. cinerea, J. nigra and walnuts (J. regia) (Bush, 1966). Peaches (Prunus persica) are also an occasional host (Dean, 1969). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION R. completa and R. suavis are indigenous to North America. The former species has very recently been introduced into the EPPO region and has become established in a limited area. -
Pepper Pest Management
Pepper Pest Management Kaushalya Amarasekare Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Entomology Dept. of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture Tennessee State University University of Maryland Nashville, Tennessee Extension snaped.fns.usda.gov Goal The goal of this training is to educate stakeholders on arthropods (pest insects and mites) that damage peppers and methods to manage them using integrated pest management (IPM) techniques Objectives Upon completion of this training, the participants will be able to 1) teach, 2) demonstrate and 3) guide growers, small farmers, backyard and community gardeners, master gardeners, and other stakeholders on management of pest arthropods in peppers Course Outline 1. Introduction: background information on bell and chili pepper 2. Pests of pepper a) Seedling Pests b) Foliage Feeders c) Pod Feeders 3. Summary 4. References Introduction Bell /sweet pepper Peppers • Family Solanaceae • Capsicum annum L. • Bell/sweet peppers and chili agmrc.org Peppers: consumed as • Fresh • Dried chili pepper • Ground as spices • Processed (canned, pickled, brined or in salsas) 570cjk, Creative Commons wifss.ucdavis.edu Bell Pepper • 2017: U.S. consumption of fresh bell peppers ~ 11.4 lbs./person • High in vitamin C and dietary fiber • Provide small amounts of several vitamins and minerals • Usually sold as fresh produce Maturity Sugar Content Chili Pepper • 2017: U.S. consumption of chili peppers ~ 7.7 lbs./person • High in vitamin C • Small amounts of vitamin A and B-6, iron and magnesium 570cjk, Creative Commons wifss.ucdavis.edu • Sold as fresh produce and dried (whole peppers, crushed or powdered) pepperscale.com Myscha Theriault U.S. green pepper production • U.S.