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Cynoglossus Ochiaii, a New Tongue Sole from Japan (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae)

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Cynoglossus Ochiaii, a New Tongue Sole from Japan (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae) Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, Suppl. 2, pp. 115–127, March 21, 2008 Cynoglossus ochiaii, a New Tongue Sole from Japan (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae) Ko¯ji Yokogawa1, Hiromitsu Endo2 and Hideo Sakaji3 1 13–5 Higashihama, Tadotsu-cho, Nakatado-gun, Kagawa 764–0016, Japan 2 Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2–5–1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780–8520, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 3 National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, 2–12–4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236–8648, Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Cynoglossus ochiaii sp. nov. is described on the basis of 28 specimens from Tosa Bay, off Kochi, and Kagoshima Bay, southern Japan. Formerly regarded as a variation of C. interruptus, the latter being originally diagnosed as having 2 lateral lines, the new species differs from its con- geners by the following combination of characters: 3 continuous ocular side lateral lines; 2 nostrils on each side; eyes large, without interorbital space; dorsal-fin rays 104–112; anal-fin rays 83–88; pored scales on dorsolateral line 66–79, midlateral line 67–73, ventrolateral line 38–62, mandibu- lo-opercular line 15–20 and cephalodorsal line 6–9; scales above dorsolateral line 3–4; scales be- tween dorsolateral and midlateral lines 11–12; supraorbital and midlateral lines present; posterior marginal flap of each pored lateral-line scale blackish; body uniformly brown; dorsal and anal fins dark brown to blackish, with dappled marks on ocular side, uniformly dense pigmentation on blind side; maximum size about 180 mm in standard length. A bottom-dweller, the new species is found in depths of ca. 50–220 m around the southern half of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu Islands (Japan), and in the East China Sea. Key words : Cynoglossidae, Cynoglossus, new species, southern Japan, 3 lateral lines The cynoglossid genus Cynoglossus Hamilton, genus Areliscus Jordan and Snyder, 1900 (type 1822, including about 50 species, is distributed species: Cynoglossus joyneri Günther, 1878), di- from off the Atlantic coast of Africa to Indo-West agnosed by having 3 lateral lines. Although Wu Pacific waters (Menon, 1977). Among the 11 (1932) recognized 2 lateral lines as distinguish- species recorded from Japan (Yamada, 2002), the ing C. interruptus from other Chinese cynoglos- genko sole, Cynoglossus interruptus Günther, sids, Ochiai (1959, 1963) and Menon (1977) fol- 1880, was recognized on the basis of 2 speci- lowed Jordan and Starks’s view that the 3 lateral- mens collected from a Yokohama market (located line condition was an intra-specific variation. along Tokyo Bay) (Menon, 1977: 46), and diag- Subsequently, most ichthyologists have accepted nosed by having 2 lateral lines dorsally and me- 3 lateral lines as characteristic of C. interruptus dially on the ocular side, the dorsal line being (Ochiai, 1965; Yamada, 1986; Amaoka et al., short, undulating and partly interrupted (Menon, 1995), such being an important character distin- 1977). However, Jordan and Starks (1906) guishing the species from other Japanese recorded Japanese “C. interruptus” on the basis cynoglossids (e.g., Matsubara, 1955; Yamada, of specimens with 3 lateral lines (dorsolateral, 1993, 2002). On the other hand, Sakamoto midlateral and ventrolateral; being a supposed (1997) and Sanada (1997) recognized only 2 lat- variation), and transferred the species to the eral lines as being diagnostic of C. interruptus. 116 K. Yokogawa, H. Endo and H. Sakaji Furthermore, Shimizu and Watanabe (1997) scales on the supraorbital commissure (SOC); all questioned the taxonomic treatment of C. inter- pored scales on the ventrolateral (VLL) and ruptus sensu Jordan and Starks (1906), and sug- mandibulo-opercular lines (MOL) were counted; gested that the difference in lateral-line numbers SOC scales were counted from the uppermost had specific significance. (between CDL and DLL) to the lowermost [be- A recent isozymic analysis by Yokogawa et al. tween SOL and preopercular line (POL)], and (2008) revealed that the 2 forms of “C. inter- POL scales from the uppermost (next to connect- ruptus” were genetically distinct at the specific ing scale between SOL and POL); scales above level. Because 1 of the 2 syntypes (BMNH DLL (SADLL), between DLL and MLL (DLL- 1879.5.14.92 and 1890.2.26.146) clearly has 2 MLL), between MLL and VLL (MLL-VLL), and lateral lines (Menon, 1977: the former is shown below VLL (SBVLL) were counted at the maxi- as “holotype” in fig. 21), we herein describe the mum body depth, excluding each lateral line form with 3 lateral lines as a new species. scale. Standard length and head length are abbre- viated as SL and HL, respectively. Fin rays and vertebrae were counted from radiographs. Materials and Methods Specimens examined in this study are deposit- ed in the following institutions: Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi Uni- versity (BSKU); Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University (FAKU); Laboratory of Marine Zool- ogy, Hokkaido University (HUMZ); Kagoshima University Museum (KAUM); National Museum of Nature and Science (NSMT, formerly National Science Museum, Tokyo). Specimens were collected by the R/V Kotaka- maru using an otter trawl in Tosa Bay, Kochi, during a sampling planned and operated by H. Honda (FSF: National Research Institute of Far Sea Fisheries, Fisheries Research Agency), and H. Sakaji and K. Nashida (NRIFS: National Re- search Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency), under a joint research venture of NRIFS, NSMT and BSKU from 1997 to 2000 (Shinohara et al., 2001). Counts and measurements follow Ochiai (1963) and Hubbs and Lagler (1970), in addition Fig. 1. Head measurements and lateral-line de- scriptions for Cynoglossus ochiaii. DLL: Dor- to the following: distance from tip of fleshy snout solateral line; MLL: Midlateral line; VLL: to angle of mouth (DSM); distance from tip of Ventrolateral line; CDL: Cephalodorsal line; lower jaw to angle of mouth (DLM); last 2 rays SOL: Supraorbital line; MOL: Mandibulo-op- of dorsal and anal fins counted separately. Lateral ercular line (modified term from Ochiai, line terminology follows Ochiai (1966). Cephalic 1966); SOC: Supraorbital commissure; POL: lateral lines and measurements are shown in Fig. Preopercular line; HL: Head length; SNL: Snout length; UED: Upper eye diameter; LED: 1. Counts of pored scales and scale rows are as Lower eye diameter; DSM: distance from tip follows: cephalodorsal line (CDL), dorsolateral of fleshy snout to angle of mouth; DLM, dis- line (DLL) and midlateral line (MLL) excluding tance from tip of lower jaw to angle of mouth. New Tongue Sole from Japan 117 Cynoglossus ochiaii sp. nov. mada, 1986: 412 (in part; brief description and color (New Japanese name: Oki-genko) photograph); Ochiai, 1987: 929, pl. 3714 (in part; brief description); Ochiai, 1988: 341, pl. 320-G (in part; (Figs. 2–4, 6A, 6C, 7, Tables 1–3) brief description); Abe and Ochiai, 1989: 220 (brief Areliscus interruptus (not of Günther): Jordan and Starks, description and illustration); Yamada, 1993: 1194 (pic- 1906: 240 (in part; description); Hubbs, 1915: 494 torial key; illustration with 3 lateral lines); Yamada et (list); Jordan and Hubbs, 1925: 302 (list); Okada and al., 1995: 213, pl. 301 (brief description and illustra- Matsubara, 1938: 438 (in part; key); Kuroda, 1951: tion with 3 lateral lines); Yamada, 2000: 1391 (pictori- 390 (in part; list); Matsubara, 1955: 1286 (key); al key; illustration with 3 lateral lines); Shinohara et Tomiyama et al., 1958: 32, pl. 89 (brief description and al., 2001: 336 (list; noted that all specimens have 3 lat- illustration); Kuroda, 1962: 5 (Izu Peninsula, off Ida eral lines; central Tosa Bay, ca. 100–150 m); Kim et and Toi, depths around 150 and 180 m; brief descrip- al., 2001: 290 (in part; brief description); Choi et al., tion). 2002: 551 (brief description); Yamada, 2002: 1391 Cynoglossus interruptus (not of Günther): Ochiai, 1959: (pictorial key; illustration with 3 lateral lines); Youn, 202 [in part; South China Sea to Japan (south of Muro- 2002: 442, 688 (in part; pictorial key); Kim et al., ran, Hokkaido), depths around 100 m; description]; 2005: 488 (in part; brief description): Ochiai, 2005: Ochiai, 1963: 82, pl. XVIII [in part; Japan (south of 929 (in part; brief description): Yamada et al., 2007: Muroran) to Korea, Phillippines, around 100 m; de- 1158 (in part; brief description and illustration). scription and illustration]; Ochiai, 1965: 498, pl. 1402 Cynoglossus sp.: Yokogawa et al., 2008: 81 (trilinear form (in part; brief description); Menon, 1977: 45 (in part; with 3 lateral lines). description and synonymy); Ochiai, 1984: 341, pl. 320- G (in part; brief description); Kamohara and Okamura, Holotype. NSMT-P 76853 (formerly BSKU 74196), 1985: 63, pl. 134–667 (in part; brief description); Ya- 132 mm SL, Tosa Bay, 33°17.2ЈN, 133°36.6ЈE–33°15.5ЈN, Fig. 2. Cynoglossus ochiaii, holotype in preserved condition, NSMT-P 76853, 132mm SL, ocular side (above) and blind side (below). Photographed by H. Endo. 118 K. Yokogawa, H. Endo and H. Sakaji 133°36.9ЈE, 129–152 m, R/V Kotaka-maru, 17 Jan. 2005. 57ЈN, 133°32.29ЈE, 46–47 m, R/V Toyohata-maru, 15 Paratypes. 27 specimens from Tosa Bay and Dec. 1992; BSKU 91031-91032, 77–80 mm SL, Kagoshima Bay: BSKU 51502, 159 mm SL, Mimase fish 33°24.51ЈN, 133°34.47ЈE–33°23. 95ЈN, 133°33.21ЈE, market (bottom trawl), Kochi City, Kochi Prefecture, 8 63–64 m, R/V Toyohata-maru, 15 Dec. 1992; NSMT-P Mar. 2000; BSKU 51840, 136 mm SL, 33°25.4ЈN, 57493, 147 mm SL, 33°16.80ЈN, 133°38.76ЈE–33°16.55ЈN, 133°34.9ЈE–33°24.8ЈN, 133°34.5ЈE, 56–59 m, R/V Kota- 133°39.11ЈE, 144–154 m, R/V Kotaka-maru, 8 Dec.
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