FAMILY Cynoglossidae Jordan, 1888 - tonguefishes SUBFAMILY Symphurinae Ochiai, 1963 - tonguefishes [=Plagiusini, Bibroniidae, Plagiusini, Symphuridae M, Symphuridae O] GENUS Symphurus Rafinesque, 1810 - tonguefishes [=Acedia, Ammopleurops, Aphoristia, Bibronia, Eupnoea, Euporista, Glossichthys, Odontolepis, Plagiusa, Plagusia Br, Plagusia C, Plagusia Bo] Species Symphurus arabicus Chabanaud, 1954 - Arabian tonguefish Species Symphurus arawak Robins & Randall, 1965 - Caribbean tonguefish Species Symphurus atramentatus Jordan & Bollman, 1890 - inkspot tonguefish Species Symphurus atricaudus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) - California tonguefish Species Symphurus australis McCulloch, 1907 - Southern tonguefish Species Symphurus bathyspilus Krabenhoft & Munroe, 2003 - Krabbenhoft's tonguefish Species Symphurus billykrietei Munroe, 1998 - Kriete's tonguefish Species Symphurus callopterus Munroe & Mahadeva, 1989 - chocolate tonguefish Species Symphurus caribbeanus Munroe, 1991 - Munroe's tonguefish Species Symphurus chabanaudi Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990 - Chabanaud's tonguefish Species Symphurus civitatium Ginsburg, 1951 - offshore tonguefish Species Symphurus diabolicus Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990 - devil's tonguefish Species Symphurus diomedeanus (Goode & Bean, 1885) - spotfin tonguefish [=pterospilotus, sumptuosus] Species Symphurus elongatus (Gunther, 1868) - elongated tonguefish Species Symphurus fallax Chabanaud, 1957 - fallax tonguefish Species Symphurus fasciolaris Gilbert, 1892 - banded tonguefish Species Symphurus fuscus Brauer, 1906 - Brauer's tonguefish Species Symphurus gilesii (Alcock, 1889) - Giles' tonguefish Species Symphurus ginsburgi Menezes & Benvegnu, 1976 - Ginsburg's tonguefish Species Symphurus gorgonae Chabanaud, 1948 - gorgonian tonguefish Species Symphurus hernandezi Saavedra-Diaz et al., 2003 - Hernandez tonguefish Species Symphurus holothuriae Chabanaud, 1948 - holothuriae tonguefish Species Symphurus hondoensis Hubbs, 1915 - Hondo tonguefish Species Symphurus insularis Munroe et al., 2000 - insular tonguefish Species Symphurus jenynsi Evermann & Kendall, 1906 - Jenyn's tonguefish [=bergi, meridionalis] Species Symphurus kyaropterygium Menezes & Benvegnu, 1976 - Menezes' tonguefish Species Symphurus leei Jordan & Bollman, 1890 - Lee's tonguefish Species Symphurus leucochilus Lee et al., 2014 - leucochilus tonguefish Species Symphurus ligulatus (Cocco, 1844) - Cocco's tonguefish Species Symphurus longirostris Lee et al., 2016 - longsnout tonguefish Species Symphurus lubbocki Munroe, 1990 - Lubbock's tonguefish Species Symphurus luzonensis Chabanaud, 1955 - Luzon tonguefish Species Symphurus macrophthalmus Norman, 1939 - Norman's symphurus Species Symphurus maculopinnis Munroe et al., 2011 - maculopinnis tonguefish Species Symphurus maldivensis Chabanaud, 1955 - Maldive tonguefish Species Symphurus marginatus (Goode & Bean, 1886) - margined tonguefish Species Symphurus marmoratus Fowler, 1934 - Fowler's symphurus Species Symphurus megasomus Lee et al., 2009 - giant tonguefish Species Symphurus melanurus Clark, 1936 - drab tonguefish [=sechurae, seychellensis] Species Symphurus melasmototheca Munroe & Nizinski, 1990 - blackstripe tonguefish Species Symphurus microlepis Garman, 1899 - smallfin tonguefish Species Symphurus microrhynchus (Weber, 1913) - Weber's tonguefish Species Symphurus minor Ginsburg, 1951 - largescale tonguefish Species Symphurus monostigmus Munroe, 2006 - monostigmus tonguefish Species Symphurus multimaculatus Lee et al., 2009 - pepper-dot tonguefish Species Symphurus nebulosa (Goode & Bean, 1883) - freckled tonguefish Species Symphurus nigrescens Rafinesque, 1810 - tonguefish [=lactea, picta] Species Symphurus normani Chabanaud, 1950 - Norman's tonguefish Species Symphurus ocellaris Munroe & Robertson, 2005 - ringtail tonguefish Species Symphurus ocellatus von Bonde, 1922 - doublespot tonguefish Species Symphurus oculellus Munroe, 1991 - oculellus tonguefish Species Symphurus oligomerus Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990 - spotfin tonguefish Species Symphurus ommaspilus Bohlke, 1961 - ocellated tonguefish Species Symphurus orientalis (Bleeker, 1879) - eastern tonguefish [=novemfasciatus] Species Symphurus parvus Ginsburg, 1951 - pygmy tonguefish Species Symphurus pelicanus Ginsburg, 1951 - longtail tonguefish Species Symphurus piger (Goode & Bean, 1886) - deepwater tonguefish Species Symphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus, 1766) - blackcheek tonguefish [=fasciata] Species Symphurus plagusia (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - duskycheek tonguefish [=minimus] Species Symphurus prolatinaris Munroe et al., 1991 - halfstriped tonguefish Species Symphurus pusillus (Goode & Bean, 1885) - Northern tonguefish Species Symphurus regani Weber & de Beaufort, 1929 - Regan's tonguefish [=elongata] Species Symphurus reticulatus Munroe, 1990 - reticulated tonguefish Species Symphurus rhytisma Bohlke, 1961 - patchtail tonguefish Species Symphurus sayademalhensis Chabanaud, 1955 - Sayademalh tonguefish Species Symphurus schultzi Chabanaud, 1955 - Schultz's tonguefish Species Symphurus septemstriatus (Alcock, 1891) - sevenband tonguefish Species Symphurus stigmosus Munroe, 1998 - blotchfin tonguefish Species Symphurus strictus Gilbert, 1905 - blackbelly tonguefish Species Symphurus tessellatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) - Quoy's tonguefish [=brasiliensis] Species Symphurus thermophilus Munroe & Hashimoto, 2008 - Western Pacific tonguefish Species Symphurus trewavasae Chabanaud, 1948 - Trewavas' tonguefish Species Symphurus trifasciatus (Alcock, 1894) - threeband tonguefish Species Symphurus undatus Gilbert, 1905 - Gilbert's symphurus Species Symphurus undecimplerus Munroe & Nizinski, 1990 - darkcheek tonguefish Species Symphurus urospilus Ginsburg, 1951 - spot-tail tonguefish Species Symphurus vanmelleae Chabanaud, 1952 - Vanmelle's tonguefish Species Symphurus variegatus (Gilchrist, 1903) - Gilchrist's symphurus Species Symphurus varius Garman, 1899 - mottled tonguefish Species Symphurus williamsi Jordan & Culver, in Jordan, 1895 - William's tonguefish [=paitensis] Species Symphurus woodmasoni (Alcock, 1889) - Woodmason's tonguefish SUBFAMILY Cynoglossinae Jordan, 1888 - tonguesoles GENUS Cynoglossus Hamilton, 1822 - tonguesoles [=Arelia, Areliscus, Cantoria, Cantorusia, Cynoglossoides V, Cynoglossoides S, Dexiourius, Dollfusichthys, Icania, Notrullus, Trulla] Species Cynoglossus abbreviatus (Gray, 1834) - threelined tonguesole Species Cynoglossus acaudatus Gilchrist, 1906 - Natal tonguesole [=brachycephalus G, natalensis] Species Cynoglossus acutirostris Norman, 1939 - sharpnose tonguesole Species Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - largescale tonguesole [=cantoris, elongatus, grandisquamis, kaupii, pinangensis, schneideri] Species Cynoglossus attenuatus Gilchrist, 1904 - attenuatus cynoglossus Species Cynoglossus bilineatus (Lacepede, 1802) - Lacepede's tonguesole [=diplasios, quinquelineatus, sindensis] Species Cynoglossus brachycephalus Bleeker, 1870 - Bleeker's cynoglossus Species Cynoglossus broadhursti Waite, 1905 - Southern tonguesole Species Cynoglossus browni Chabanaud, 1949 - Nigerian tonguesole Species Cynoglossus cadenati Chabanaud, 1947 - Ghanaian tonguesole [=honoris] Species Cynoglossus canariensis Steindachner, 1882 - Canary tonguesole [=lagoensis] Species Cynoglossus capensis (Kaup, 1858) - sand tonguesole [=microphthalmus] Species Cynoglossus carpenteri Alcock, 1889 - hooked tonguesole Species Cynoglossus cleopatridis Chabanaud, 1949 - cleopatridis tonguesole Species Cynoglossus crepida Fricke et al., 2017 - bluntnose deepwater tonguesole Species Cynoglossus cynoglossus (Hamilton, 1822) - Bengal tonguesole [=bengalensis, buchanani, deltae, hamiltonii, oxyrhynchos, sumatrana] Species Cynoglossus dispar Day, 1877 - roundhead tonguesole Species Cynoglossus dollfusi (Chabanaud, 1931) - Dollfus' tonguesole [=dollfusi CinG] Species Cynoglossus dubius Day, 1873 - carrot tonguesole Species Cynoglossus durbanensis Regan, 1921 - Durban tonguesole Species Cynoglossus feldmanni (Bleeker, 1854) - river tonguesole [=aubentoni] Species Cynoglossus gilchristi Regan, 1920 - ripplefin tonguesole Species Cynoglossus gracilis Gunther, 1873 - gracile tonguesole [=hollandi, microps] Species Cynoglossus hardenbergi (Norman, 1931) - Hardenberg's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus heterolepis Weber, 1910 - freshwater tonguesole Species Cynoglossus interruptus Gunther, 1880 - Genko tonguesole Species Cynoglossus itinus (Snyder, 1909) - Snyder's tonguesole [=punctatus] Species Cynoglossus joyneri Gunther, 1878 - red tonguesole [=lighti, tenuis, tshusanensis] Species Cynoglossus kapuasensis Fowler, 1905 - Kapua tonguesole Species Cynoglossus kopsii (Bleeker, 1851) - shortheaded tonguesole [=digramma] Species Cynoglossus lachneri Menon, 1977 - Lachner's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus lida (Bleeker, 1851) - roughscale tonguesole [=intermedius, os, polytaenia] Species Cynoglossus lineolatus Steindachner, 1867 - Steindachner's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton, 1822 - long tonguesole [=acinaces, macrorhynchos, potous] Species Cynoglossus luctuosus Chabanaud, 1948 - luctuosus tonguesole Species Cynoglossus macrostomus Norman, 1928 - Malabar tonguesole Species Cynoglossus maccullochi Norman, 1926 - Norman's cynoglossus Species Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (Bleeker, 1851) - Bleeker's cynoglossus Species Cynoglossus macrophthalmus Norman, 1926 - big-eyed tonguesole Species Cynoglossus maculipinnis Rendahl, 1921 - Rendahl's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus marleyi Regan, 1921 - Regan's cynoglossus Species Cynoglossus melampetalus (Richardson, 1846) - Richardson's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus melanopterus (Bleeker, 1851) - melanopterus tonguesole Species Cynoglossus microlepis (Bleeker, 1851) - smallscale tonguesole [=solum] Species Cynoglossus microphthalmus (von Bonde, 1922) - von Bonde's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus monodi Chabanaud, 1949 - Guinean tonguesole Species Cynoglossus monopus (Bleeker, 1849) - monopus tonguesole [=ceratophrys] Species Cynoglossus nanhaiensis Wang et al., 2016 - Nanhai's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus nigropinnatus Ochiai, 1963 - Ochiai's tonguesole [=melanopterus C] Species Cynoglossus ochiaii Yokogawa et al., 2008 - Ochiai's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus ogilbyi Norman, 1926 - Ogilby's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus oligolepis (Bleeker, 1855) - oligolepis tonguesole Species Cynoglossus pottii Steindachner, 1902 - Pott's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus praecisus Alcock, 1890 - Alcock's cynoglossus Species Cynoglossus puncticeps (Richardson, 1846) - speckled tonguesole [=aurolimbata, brachyrhynchos, brevis, immaculata, javanica, nigrolabeculata, persicus] Species Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus Regan, 1905 - Regan's cynoglossus [=pellegrini] Species Cynoglossus quadrilineata (Bleeker, 1851) - fourlined tonguesole Species Cynoglossus robustus Gunther, 1873 - robust tonguesole [=brunneus, inusita] Species Cynoglossus roulei Wu, 1932 - Wu's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus sealarki Regan, 1908 - Sealark's tonguesole Species Cynoglossus semifasciatus Day, 1877 - Bengal tonguesole [=brevirostris] Species Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther, 1873 - tonguesole [=rhomaleus] Species Cynoglossus senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) - Senegalese tonguesole [=goreensis, guineensis, simulator] Species Cynoglossus sibogae Weber, 1913 - Weber's cynoglossus Species Cynoglossus sinusarabici (Chabanaud, 1931) - Red Sea tonguesole Species Cynoglossus suyeni Fowler, 1934 - Suyen's tonguesole [=beauforti] Species Cynoglossus trigrammus Gunther, 1862 - Gunther's cynoglossus Species Cynoglossus trulla (Cantor, 1849) - Macau tonguesole [=borneensis, cantori, sinicus] Species Cynoglossus versicolor Alcock, 1890 - versicolor tonguesole Species Cynoglossus waandersii (Bleeker, 1854) - Waanders' tonguesole Species Cynoglossus xiphoideus Gunther, 1862 - xiphoideus tonguesole Species Cynoglossus zanzibarensis Norman, 1939 - Zanzibar tonguesole GENUS Paraplagusia Bleeker, 1865 - tonguefishes [=Rhinoplagusia, Usinostia] Species Paraplagusia bilineata (Bloch, 1787) - doublelined tonguesole [=acumineata, australis, dipterigia, formosana, marmorata, notata, robinsoni, unicolor] Species Paraplagusia blochii (Bleeker, 1851) - Bloch's tonguefish [=bleekeri] Species Paraplagusia guttata (Macleay, 1878) - Macleay's tonguefish [=vittatus] Species Paraplagusia japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 - black cow-tongue [=japonicus] Species Paraplagusia longirostris Chapleau et al., 1991 - longsnouted tonguesole Species Paraplagusia sinerama Chapleau & Renaud, 1993 - dusky tonguesole