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Age, Growth, and Reproductive Biology of Blackcheek Tonguefish, Symphurus Plagiusa (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes), in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia

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Age, Growth, and Reproductive Biology of Blackcheek Tonguefish, Symphurus Plagiusa (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes), in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1996 Age, Growth, and Reproductive Biology of Blackcheek Tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes), in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia Mark Richard Terwilliger College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Fresh Water Studies Commons, Oceanography Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Terwilliger, Mark Richard, "Age, Growth, and Reproductive Biology of Blackcheek Tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes), in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia" (1996). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617701. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-msx0-vs25 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Age, growth, and reproductive biology of blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes), in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Mark R. Terwilliger 1996 This thesis is submitted in partical fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Mark R. Terwi Approved, December 1996 Thomas A. Munroe, Ph.D. National Marine Fisheries Service National Systematics Laboratory National Museum of Natural History Washington, D.C. 20560 / John A. Musick, Ph.D. H - , L , j M ' j \ Y. ( i Herbert M. Austin, Ph.D. a, Wolfgang K-Yog6lb6in, Ph.D TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................... xi GENERAL INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 1. AGE, GROWTH, AND MORTALITY OF BLACKCHEEK TONGUEFISH, SYMPHURUSPLAGIUSA, IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, VIRGINIA........................................................ 5 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 6 MATERIALS AND METHODS........................................................................ 9 RESULTS............................................................................................................. 13 DISCUSSION....................................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER 2. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF BLACKCHEEK TONGUEFISH, SYMPHURUS PLAGIUSA, IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, VIRGINIA........................................................ 41 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 42 MATERIALS AND METHODS 46 RESULTS............................................................................................................. 52 DISCUSSION...................................................................................................... 86 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS................................................................................ 98 LITERATURE CITED.................................................................................................... 100 VITA.................................................................................................................................. 114 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my co-major advisors, Thomas A. Munroe, and John A. Musick, and my committee members: Herbert M. Austin, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, and Romuald N. Lipcius for providing support and guidance throughout the course of this study, and for critical and constructive review of the manuscript. Members of the VIMS juvenile finfish and blue crab trawl survey helped in obtaining samples. These staff members include: Joy Dameron, Dean Estes, Pat Geer, Paul Gerdes, Dave Hata, Mike Land, Todd Mathes, Dee Seaver, and Mike Seebo. Dave Hata and Mike Murphy provided insight on statistical analyses. I am also indebted to Patricia Blake for her assistance and guidance in histological technique and practice. Tom Sminkey provided valuable insight on the use of the Biosonic optical pattern recognition system, and Dave Harshany helped with image production using Optimas software. The age and growth section of this manuscript was reviewed by Tom Sminkey and Roy Crabtree. Harry Grier and Ron Taylor helped in identification and classification of gonad structure. Financial assistance for travel and supplies was provided by Joe Loesch, Herb Austin, Gene Burreson, John Milliman, and by the VIMS GSA travel fund and the American Institute of Fisheries Research Biologists. I would also like to thank the following VIMS students and staff for their assistance and encouragement throughout my stay at VIMS: Chris Bonzek, Marty Cavaluzzi, Mike Chasey, Giancarlo Cichetti, Brenda Flores, Kasey Garreis, Bobby Harris, Beth Hinchey, Mike Land, Janet Nestlerode, Tom Orrell, Gloria Rowe, Mike Seebo, and Eric Wooden. Tom Munroe gets a special thanks for getting me hooked on tonguefish. It made me realize how little we all know about the most common of subjects. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Chandell, for her support and input throughout the course of this study. Without her love, support and understanding, this project would never have been completed. Thanks, Chan, for everything. v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Chi square analysis of sex ratio for blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, in Chesapeake Bay ............................................................................. 14 2. G-test of sex ratios for blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, in Chesapeake Bay: analyzed down by 25 mm length increment ....................... 15 3. Mean observed and back calculated lengths for female and male blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, from Chesapeake Bay: ages 1-5............................................................................................................... 24 4. Log-likelihood ratio test of von Bertalanffy parameters between female and male blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, from Chesapeake Bay...................................................................................................................... 27 5. Comparison of von Bertalanffy parameters of selected Pleuronectiformes occurring in temperate estuaries of the western north Atlantic ...................... 35 6. Mortality estimates (z) for various northwestern Atlantic Pleuronectiformes based on Hoenig’s equation, Royce’s equation, and catch curve data ......................................................................................... 40 7. Description of macroscopic gonadal staging criteria for female blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, in Chesapeake Bay ...................................... 47 8. Summary of representative subsample of microscopic stages assigned to macroscopic ovary stages of blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, in Chesapeake Bay ............................................................................................ 71 9. G-test of sex ratios for blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, from Chesapeake Bay: analyzed by date of capture ............................................... 73 10. G-test of sex ratios for blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, from Chesapeake Bay: analyzed by area of capture ................................................ 74 vi Estimated batch fecundity, relative fecundity, and total fecundity of blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, from Chesapeake Bay...................................................................................................................... Comparison of reproductive parameters among symphurine and cynoglossid tonguefishes....................................................................................................... LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. The lower Chesapeake Bay system, including James, York, and Rappahannock rivers. Points indicate where blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, were caught, April 1994-August 1995.......................... 10 2. Total length-weight relationship for both sexes of blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, from Chesapeake Bay: (a) raw data; (b) log transformed data .................................................................................................. 16 3. Length at maturity for blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, in Chesapeake Bay: (a) females; (b) males.......................................................... 18 4. Transverse otolith section from a blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, collected in Chesapeake Bay .......................................................... 19 5. Linear regression of total length (mm) on otolith maximum diameter (mm) for blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa, from Chesapeake Bay....................................................................................................................
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