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Bulgaristan'in Genel Ekonomik Durumu Ve Türkiye Ile Ekonomik-Ticari Ilişkileri 2015

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Bulgaristan'in Genel Ekonomik Durumu Ve Türkiye Ile Ekonomik-Ticari Ilişkileri 2015 SOFYA TİCARET MÜŞAVİRLİĞİ T.C. SOFYA BÜYÜKELÇİLİĞİ TİCARET MÜŞAVİRLİĞİ BULGARİSTAN'IN GENEL EKONOMİK DURUMU VE TÜRKİYE İLE EKONOMİK-TİCARİ İLİŞKİLERİ 2015 HAZİRAN 2016 SOFYA 0 SOFYA TİCARET MÜŞAVİRLİĞİ İÇİNDEKİLER BÖLÜM I .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 GİRİŞ ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 ÜLKE HAKKINDA GENEL BİLGİLER ......................................................................................................... 7 Ülke Kimliği .................................................................................................................................................... 7 Ülkenin Kısa Tarihçesi ................................................................................................................................... 8 Siyasi ve İdari Durum ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Yasama ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 Yürütme ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 Yargı ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Coğrafi Bilgiler ve Nüfus .............................................................................................................................. 10 Coğrafi Konumu, Yer Şekilleri, Akarsular ve Göller, İklim, Bitki Örtüsü ................................................ 10 Nüfus ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Çalışma ve İşgücü ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Eğitim ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 Sosyal Güvenlik ........................................................................................................................................ 16 Sosyal Göstergeler ........................................................................................................................................ 17 GENEL EKONOMİK DURUM ...................................................................................................................... 19 Genel Durum ................................................................................................................................................ 19 İş Yapma Ortamı Göstergeleri ...................................................................................................................... 25 2015 Yılında ve 2016 Yılı İlk Çeyreğinde Ekonomiyi Etkileyen İç ve Dış Olaylar ....................................... 27 2016 Yılı İlk Çeyreği Göstergeleri ................................................................................................................ 29 Bulgaristan Ekonomisine İlişkin Beklentiler ................................................................................................ 31 DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIMLAR VE DIŞ TİCARET ........................................................................ 33 Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ...................................................................................................................... 33 Dış Ticaret .................................................................................................................................................... 34 Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri ................................................................................................................................ 39 BULGARİSTAN EKONOMİSİNİN SEKTÖREL BAZDA DEĞERLENDİRMESİ .................................... 43 Tarım ............................................................................................................................................................ 43 Sanayi ........................................................................................................................................................... 46 Ulaştırma ve Telekomünikasyon ................................................................................................................... 48 Ulaştırma .................................................................................................................................................. 48 Telekomünikasyon..................................................................................................................................... 56 Hizmetler ...................................................................................................................................................... 57 Bankacılık ................................................................................................................................................. 57 Turizm ....................................................................................................................................................... 59 Sigortacılık................................................................................................................................................ 60 Enerji ............................................................................................................................................................ 61 Doğal Kaynaklar ve Madencilik ................................................................................................................... 68 1 SOFYA TİCARET MÜŞAVİRLİĞİ Para ve Sermaye Piyasaları ......................................................................................................................... 68 Perakende Sektörü ........................................................................................................................................ 69 Franchising ................................................................................................................................................... 72 AR-GE ve Yenilikler ...................................................................................................................................... 72 BÖLÜM II............................................................................................................................................................ 76 TÜRKİYE İLE EKONOMİK VE TİCARİ İLİŞKİLERİN GELİŞİMİ .......................................................... 76 Ekonomik İlişkilerin Genel Durumu ............................................................................................................. 76 Ticari İlişkilerin Genel Durumu ................................................................................................................... 77 Bulgaristan’daki Türk Müteahhitlik Hizmetleri ............................................................................................ 83 Bulgaristan’daki Türk Yatırımları ................................................................................................................ 84 İKİLİ ANLAŞMA VE PROTOKOLLER, KEK TOPLANTILARI ................................................................ 88 YATIRIM VE TİCARET İLİŞKİLERİNDE BİLİNMESİ GEREKEN GENEL KONULAR ...................... 89 Bulgaristan’da İş Yapmak İsteyenler İçin Pratik Bilgiler............................................................................. 89 Yabancıların Yasal Statüleri ......................................................................................................................... 95 Yabancıların Bulgaristan’a Girişleri ........................................................................................................ 96 İkamet İzinleri ........................................................................................................................................... 97 Çalışma İzinleri ...................................................................................................................................... 100 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Vatandaşlarının Bulgaristan’a Giriş ve Bulgaristan’dan Transit Geçişlerinde Tabi Oldukları Düzenlemeler .......................................................................................................................... 102 Genel Olarak Gümrük Vergileri ................................................................................................................. 103 KDV, KDV İadeleri ve Diğer Vergiler ........................................................................................................ 103 Genel Olarak Ticari Uygulamalar: İthalat Denetimleri, İzinleri ve Sertifikasyon Gerekleri ..................... 105 Genel Durum .......................................................................................................................................... 105 İthalatta aranan standartlar, teknik gerekler ve sertifikalar .................................................................. 107 Bulgaristan’da ithalat aşamasında ve transit geçişlerde sıkça sorun yaşanan ürünler ve konular ile bunlara ilişkin dikkat
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