DOCSLIB.ORG

Geographic and Traffic Aspects of Possibilities for Implementing Ropeway Systems in Passenger Transport

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geographic and Traffic Aspects of Possibilities for Implementing Ropeway Systems in Passenger Transport M. Nikšić, S. Gašparović: Geographic and Traffic Aspects of Possibilities for Implementing Ropeway Systems in Passenger Transport MLADEN NIKŠIĆ, M.Sc. Transport Engineering E-mail: mladen.niksic@fpz.hr Review University of Zagreb, Accepted: Mar. 17, 2010 Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences Approved: Sept. 15, 2010 Vukelićeva 4, HR-10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia SLAVEN GAŠPAROVIĆ, Ph.D. student E-mail: slaveng@geog.pmf.hr University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science Department of Geography Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia GEOGRAPHIC AND TRAFFIC ASPECTS OF POSSIBILITIES FOR IMPLEMENTING ROPEWAY SYSTEMS IN PASSENGER TRANSPORT SUMMARY The research done until now about the ropeways shows that the ropeways have been relatively well The paper studies the ropeways as a special subgroup studied from the aspect of technical sciences, i.e. of land traffic system from the interdisciplinary aspect of the transport science. The foreign authors have studied traffic sciences and geography. The ropeways have seen a the problems of ropeways, dealing with technical and propulsive technical and technological development over technological characteristics of ropeways, develop- the last several decades. Therefore, the paper gives an over- view of the types of ropeways with special emphasis on the ment of the ropeway systems of single countries, safe- technologically most advanced ropeways. Regarding the ty on ropeways and on ski areas, relationship between lack of studies on the ropeway issues in Croatia, the space the ropeways and tourist infrastructure and the prob- distribution of ropeways in the Republic of Croatia has been lems of ropeway capacities. Their research has been analysed. The ropeways, as well as other transport modes, applied to the territory of Slovenia, Austria, Germany, affect the space, and since ropeways are considered envi- etc. There are very few Croatian scientists who are in- ronmentally friendly traffic modes, their impact on the envi- volved in the study of ropeways, particularly the prob- ronment is analysed, both in the mountains and in the cities. lems of ropeways in Croatia [1], [2]. Moreover, the economic influence of ropeways on the sur- rounding area is studied as well. From the geographic aspect, especially the traf- fic geography, the topic of ropeways has been poorly KEY WORDS studied since only one paper refers geographically to ropeways, and in this it does it as part of the public ropeway, surface lift, aerial ropeway, chairlift, gondola, fu- urban transport [3]. nicular The majority of the past research refers to rope- ways in mountainous areas, and few papers cover the 1. INTRODUCTION topic of ropeways in cities as a form of public urban transport. Traffic sciences and geography are partly comple- Therefore, the objective of this paper is to approach mentary in their research. Since the geography is a in an interdisciplinary manner the study of ropeways science about the objects, phenomena and processes for the carriage of people and from a dualistic point of in geo-sphere and their interdependence and about view of the transport sciences and the geography to the functional arrangement of space and the human define the notion of ropeways and an attempt will be – environment relationship, this automatically makes made to find their place in the traffic system, to give transport one of the objects of study in geography, a presentation of the historical development of rope- within the frame of geographic discipline which is ways, to study the problems of ropeway types, to pres- called transport geography1. The motive of this paper ent the condition of the ropeway traffic in the Republic is the interdisciplinary method of processing the prob- of Croatia and to study the problems of ropeway im- lems in the area of transport, in this case, the rope- pact on the environment (in mountainous regions and ways. in the cities), as well as the economic impact of rope- Promet – Traffic&Transportation, Vol. 22, 2010, No. 5, 389-398 389 M. Nikšić, S. Gašparović: Geographic and Traffic Aspects of Possibilities for Implementing Ropeway Systems in Passenger Transport ways on the space. The methodology used is the one typical for the traffic sciences (methods of traffic de- mand analyses, functionality, justification of introduc- tion into traffic) and geography (cartographic method, processing and analysis of the statistical data). 2. DEFINITION OF ROPEWAYS AND THEIR PLACE IN THE TRAFFIC SYSTEM Whether approached from the viewpoint of traffic sciences or geography, according to the geographic environment in which it operates, traffic is generally divided into: land (road and rail), air, water (sea and inland waterways), pipelines, telecommunication and Figure 1 – Fausto Veranzio's ropeway postal traffic. Source: http://www.nsk.hr/HeritageDetails.aspx?id=378, Ropeways represent a special form of land trans- 01. 03. 2010. port with different types of designs and geographic way in the world that was used entirely for the carriage environments in which they operate (on the ground of skiers was erected in 1908 in the German place i.e. snow, in the air, underground) and therefore they Schollach in the Schwarzwald Mountains. At that time are difficult to include in one of the subgroups of land the leading countries regarding the number of rope- traffic, thus occupying a special place in transport sys- ways were Germany, Austria and Switzerland whereas tem of a certain space. Ropeways represent a type of Italy and France joined them a bit later. It should be transport of people or cargo by vehicles (cabin, chair emphasised that the United States of America did not or basket) attached to a rope [4], [5]. lag significantly behind Europe, and it is assumed that The notion of ropeway is usually related to the car- the first chairlift in the world was constructed precisely riage of skiers2 and other tourists in the mountains, in the USA in the Sun Valley in 1936. but ropeways today are generally used to carry people The real development and construction of rope- (mostly in the mountainous regions, but also in urban ways in the world started after the World War II. It is environments as a type of public urban passenger estimated that in Europe until 1990 about 20,000 transport) and material goods (e.g. transport of stone, ropeways had been constructed [6]. Today’s estimates ores, wood, etc.). according to the International Organisation for Trans- portation by Rope (OITAF) range around the number of 3. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 30,000 different types of ropeways in the world, and about 58% are ropeways in the European Union coun- OF ROPEWAYS tries [7]. Until the advent of mountain and ski tourism, rope- ways had been used for the transport of people over 4. CLASSIFICATION OF ROPEWAYS rivers, inaccessible mountain parts and the similar. FOR TRANSPORT OF PEOPLE Besides, ropeways were used also for the transport of material goods and even for military purposes. The Today in the world there is a whole series of differ- first documents about ropeways state that the rope- ent designs of ropeways for the transport of people and ways were used in Japan as early as in the 13th cen- sometimes it is difficult to determine the types of rope- tury, and it is assumed that they had been used even ways because of the similarities between individual earlier than that. The first ideas about ropeways were types and the increasing technological development. given by Leonardo da Vinci and by Fausto Veranzio (in The classification of ropeways in the paper is done 1616 in his book “Machinae novae”). according to their technological characteristics as de- The first ropeway that was erected and successful- termined also in the Act on Ropeways for Transport of ly operated is credited to Adam Wybe in Gdansk from People and the Regulations on Minimal Conditions for 1644. The first funicular in the world is the Reisszug Operation Safety of the existing ropeways, surface lifts, (exists today also) in Salzburg, connecting the Hohen- and funiculars for the transport of people in Croatia, salzburg Castle with the foot, built in 1495 or 1504. but also according to the geographic environment in The invention of the steel inter-twinning rope which the transport operates and the type of ropeway (1834) and electrical energy facilitated the develop- vehicle. Therefore, the ropeways may be divided into: ment of advanced forms of ropeways. The first rope- 1. surface lifts, ways transporting skiers started to be erected in the 2. aerial ropeways, beginning of the 20th century3, so that the first rope- 3. funiculars. 390 Promet – Traffic&Transportation, Vol. 22, 2010, No. 5, 389-398 M. Nikšić, S. Gašparović: Geographic and Traffic Aspects of Possibilities for Implementing Ropeway Systems in Passenger Transport Taken into consideration are the ropeway models on short distances (up to one kilometre), but there are which are produced by the leading world corporations also solutions on significantly longer destinations (e.g. for the production of ropeways: Doppelmayr/Garaven- T-bar surface lift on the Tiefenbach Glacier above the ta Group and Leitner technologies. Austrian Sölden in the length of 2,099 metres). 4.1 Surface lifts 4.2 Aerial ropeways Surface lifts are a form of ropeways which use haul- Aerial ropeway is a form of ropeway where trans- ing devices to haul persons on skis or other adequate port is carried out at a certain altitude above ground. equipment along the hauling track. Regarding the type of vehicle, the aerial ropeways can The simplest form of a surface lift is a surface lift be divided into chairlifts and cabin ropeways. with a low-laid guide rope. This is a form of surface lift where the haul rope is below the level of the hauled a) Chairlifts person’s head. Regarding the low travelling speed and Chairlifts are aerial ropeways in which the chairs of user-friendliness, they are intended primarily for the a certain capacity are attached to an elevated circulat- skiers - beginners.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Second International Congress of Art History Students Proceedings !"#$%&&'"
    SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ART HISTORY STUDENTS PROCEEDINGS !"#$%&&'" !"#$%&'() Klub studenata povijesti umjetnosti Filozofskog fakulteta (Art History Students' Association of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences) (*%+,)%-$ #,-)* Jelena Behaim, Kristina Brodarić, Lucija Bužančić, Ivan Ferenčak, Jelena Mićić, Irena Ravlić, Eva Žile )(.%(/()& Tanja Trška, Maja Zeman (*%+%01 -0* !),,2)(-*%01 Ivana Bodul, Kristina Đurić, Petra Fabijanić, Ana Kokolić, Tatjana Rakuljić, Jasna Subašić, Petra Šlosel, Martin Vajda, Ira Volarević *(&%10 + $-3,"+ Teo Drempetić Čonkić (oprema čonkić#) The Proceedings were published with the financial support from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb. SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ART HISTORY STUDENTS PROCEEDINGS !"#$%&'() Klub studenata povijesti umjetnosti Filozofskog fakulteta (Art History Students' Association of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences) %&#* 978-953-56930-2-4 Zagreb, 2014 ƌ TABLE OF CONTENTS ! PREFACE " IS THERE STILL HOPE FOR THE SOUL OF RAYMOND DIOCRÈS? THE LEGEND OF THE THREE LIVING AND THREE DEAD IN THE TRÈS RICHES HEURES — )*+,- .,/.0-12 #" THE FORGOTTEN MACCHINA D’ALTARE IN THE CHURCH LADY OF THE ANGELS IN VELI LOŠINJ — 3*/+, 45*6),7 $% GETTING UNDER THE SURFACE " NEW INSIGHTS ON BRUEGEL’S THE ASS AT SCHOOL — 8*69/* +*906 &' THE FORMER HIGH ALTAR FROM THE MARIBOR CATHEDRAL — -*706:16* 5*-71; (% EVOCATION OF ANTIQUITY IN LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY ART: THE TOILETTE OF AN ATHENIAN WOMAN BY VLAHO BUKOVAC — *6* 8*3*/9<12 %& A TURKISH PAINTER IN VERSAILLES: JEAN#ÉTIENNE LIOTARD AND HIS PRESUMED PORTRAIT OF MARIE!ADÉLAÏDE OF FRANCE DRESSED IN TURKISH COSTUME — =,)*6* *6.07+,-12 ># IRONY AND IMITATION IN GERMAN ROMANTICISM: MONK BY THE SEA, C.$D.
    [Show full text]
  • By Funitel to the Mont Parnes Casino Near Athens Rejuvenated Funicular
    September 2006 No. 170 • 31st Year In Istanbul the underground funicular from the port of Kabatas to the transport hub Taksim was officially opened on June 29 By Funitel to the Mont Parnes Casino near Athens The combination lift Sunnegga-Blauherd in An installation with a host of special features p.2 Zermatt is the first installation in Switzerland Rejuvenated funicular in Mondovì with a 50-50 split of 8-seater gondolas Designer Giugiaro styled the vehicles for the 120-year-old railway p.8 and 6-seater chairs p. 18 Detachable quad chair in Bohemia The Czech Republic’s first CEN-compliant chair lift is in the Giant Mountains p.10 RPD improves operational safety What users say about the new rope position detection system p.17 Magazine for Customers and Employees 2 Doppelmayr/Garaventa-Gruppe Gondola ride to the casino The Mont Parnes Casino Greece currently has nine gaming opera- tel from Doppelmayr, which can still be near Athens is accessed tions. The Mont Parnes Casino Resort in used at wind force 10 (storms of approx. the Mt. Parnitha National Park is the fourth 100 km/h, 60 mph). (The old tram had to by a ropeway: Since largest with an annual revenue of around stop operating at wind speeds of around March, a Doppelmayr EUR 90 million1. The resort includes the 50 km/h, 30 mph). Funitel has provided this actual casino itself, a hotel, bar/café, service. The installation restaurant and meeting rooms. High wind stability The Mont Parnes resort can be reached has a host of special by ropeway; the infrastructure is currently Wind stability is extremely important be- features: e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Nordic and Snowshoe Trails Ski and Ride School
    Granby Ranch Grill Nordic and Snowshoe Trails Ski and Ride School Having fun is what it is all about. Trail Map Trail Vis Granby Ranch’s friendly instructors ta R idge make the learning process easy n i e with terrain that is comfortable for a dg g Vista Ri A C e everyone, no matter what your a s m b o i H n skill level. R T a r b a b i l it R un • Private lessons for kids and adults S ck Draw Expres w y e a e l Qui t i W a • Group lessons for kids and adults N r s a T e n r c u in t y b a a • Multi-week lessons C East Mountain Trail System N Nature’s Way = 4.6 km il er Tra Located slopeside at Base Lodge, The Granby Ranch Grill features Vista Ridge = 2.1 km De Low ingredient driven selections inspired by classic recipes. Reservations Loggers Loop = 2 km R Ski and Ride School and Private Lessons sell out. o ad Sweet Nancy = 1.5 km Please book in advance. recommended. See our website for hours: granbyranch.com Cakewalk Rabbit Run = 2.1 km Cabin Trail =0.6 km L Base Lodge ogge WARNING rs L GRG Happy Hour Live Music During Deer Trail = 1.0 km s T oo Every Wed-Sun ra p Under Colorado law, a skier assumes the risk of any injury to person or property resulting from any of the inherent dangers Traci’ il Low Road = 0.6 km and risks of skiing and may not recover from any ski area operator for any injury resulting from any of the inherent dangers 3pm-6pm Night Skiing Easy 4 pm– 7 pm Fraser To Granby = 2.8 km and risks of skiing, including: Changing weather conditions; existing and changing snow conditions; bare spots; rocks; stumps; Intermediate trees; collisions with natural objects, man-made objects, or other skiers; variations in terrain; and the failure of skiers to ski Home Again = 2.0 km Advanced within their own abilities.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 International Report on Snow & Mountain Tourism
    Laurent Vanat Consultant 19, Margelle CH-1224 Genève Tel / fax / messagerie : (+41) 022 349 84 40 Courriel : vanat@vanat.ch Internet : www.vanat.ch 2014 International Report on Snow & Mountain Tourism Overview of the key industry figures for ski resorts t t a a n n a a V V t t n n e e r r April 2014 u u a a L L Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................. - 5 - Glossary ................................................................................... - 6 - The world ski market ................................................................ - 7 - Participating countries................................................................................... - 7 - Ski resorts and infrastructure ........................................................................ - 8 - Evolution of worldwide skier visits ............................................................... - 10 - Market share of worldwide skier visits .......................................................... - 11 - Skiers per region of origin ........................................................................... - 11 - International skiers flows ............................................................................ - 12 - Future trends in market share ..................................................................... - 14 - Comparative key figures.............................................................................. - 14 - General benchmarking ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Politicization of Ethnicity As a Prelude to Ethnopolitical Conflict: Croatia and Serbia in Former Yugoslavia
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 6-2001 The Politicization of Ethnicity as a Prelude to Ethnopolitical Conflict: Croatia and Serbia in Former Yugoslavia Agneza Bozic-Roberson Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the International Relations Commons, Political Theory Commons, and the Race and Ethnicity Commons Recommended Citation Bozic-Roberson, Agneza, "The Politicization of Ethnicity as a Prelude to Ethnopolitical Conflict: Croatia and Serbia in Former Yugoslavia" (2001). Dissertations. 1354. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/1354 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact wmu-scholarworks@wmich.edu. THE POLITICIZATION OF ETHNICITY AS A PRELUDE TO ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICT: CROATIA AND SERBIA IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA by Agneza Bozic-Roberson A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 2001 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE POLITICIZATION OF ETHNICITY AS A PRELUDE TO ETHNOPOLITICAL CONFLICT: CROATIA AND SERBIA IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Agneza Bozic-Roberson, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2001 This interdisciplinary research develops a framework or a model for the study of the politicization of ethnicity, a process that transforms peaceful ethnic conflict into violent inter-ethnic conflict. The hypothesis investigated in this study is that the ethnopolitical conflict that led to the break up of former Yugoslavia was the result of deliberate politicization of ethnicity.
    [Show full text]
  • Response to Comments
    Response to Comments Table of Contents 1.0 Collation Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Comment Procedure ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Comment Tracking Method ........................................................................................................................ 2 2.0 Comments and Responses ............................................................................................................................... 2 3.0 Letters from Indian Tribes and Government Agencies ............................................................................... 238 Response to Comments Index By Resource Area: 02.0 – Non-Substantive Comments ............................................................................................................................... 3 03.0 – Out-of-Scope Comments .................................................................................................................................. 13 05.0 – General Comments ........................................................................................................................................... 29 10.0 – Climate and Snow Comments..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chronology of Selected Ski Lifts Notes for 2001 Exhibit, New England Ski Museum Jeff Leich
    Chronology of Selected Ski Lifts Notes for 2001 Exhibit, New England Ski Museum Jeff Leich The following notes on ski lifts are intended to aid in the development of a Ski Museum exhibit. In many cases it is unclear from the sources referenced below exactly when a particular lift was installed or first operated. It is also probable that sources with data on certain early ski lifts was not located. It is therefore not possible to compare opening dates to determine which lift was "the first" of its kind to operate; rather, this chronology is intended to indicate the general sequence of the development of early ski lifts of the stated types. 1870 Eureka Mine ore tramway used to transport miners for skiing (Allen, 109, 203 note 22--Vallejo CA Sunday Times Herald, 12-13-1870). "For example, the ore bucket of the Plumas Eureka Mine at Johnsville (CA) was converted on Sundays into the world's first ski tow. It was operated by steam". (Gould, p 136 (ref to Vallejo CA Sunday Times Herald, 12-13-1870). 1896 Riblet Tramways Company of Spokane, WA begins designing mining tramways (Gilbert, p. 2). 1907 Sightseeing four-passenger gondola built in Silver Plume, CO; torn down for scrap metal about 1914 (Gilbert, p. 2). 1907 "Sled lifts had been employed on the slopes of Bodele in the Voralberg region of Austria as early as 1907" (Gilbert, p. 4). 1908 Haulback tows used in Europe as early as 1908 (Allen, 109, note 20 on pg 203, from patent application, March 16, 1908). 1910 "A tow to haul toboggans was ready for the Truckee CA carnival in 1910 and then was used later by skiers following the formation of the Truckee Ski Club in 1913".
    [Show full text]
  • Faust Vrančić I Dioba Predmetā Iz Ostavštine Antuna Vrančića U Šibeniku 1576
    Rad. Inst. povij. umjet. 35/2011. (103–114) Danko Zelić: Faust Vrančić i dioba predmetā iz ostavštine Antuna Vrančića ... Danko Zelić Institut za povijest umjetnosti, Zagreb Faust Vrančić i dioba predmetā iz ostavštine Antuna Vrančića u Šibeniku 1576. i 1579. godine Izvorni znanstveni rad – Original scientific paper Predan 7. 9. 2011. – Prihvaćen 28. 9. 2011. UDK: 930.25(497.5 Šibenik)”157” Sažetak Uz kraće napomene o okolnostima u kojima su nastali i načinu na koji predmeta iz ostavštine Antuna Vrančića (†1573.) između njegovih su dospjeli na sadašnje mjesto, u Arhiv Hrvatske akademije znanosti nasljednika – nećaka Fausta, Kazimira, Antuna i Frane. U prilogu se i umjetnosti u Zagrebu, u tekstu se prikazuje sadržaj bilježničkih donose cjelovite transkripcije dokumenata. isprava sastavljenih 1576. i 1579. godine u Šibeniku, u svezi s podjelom Ključne riječi: arhivska građa, 16. stoljeće, Šibenik, popis imovine, Antun Vrančić, Faust Vrančić Posvećeno uspomeni na Milivoja Zenića Tragajući za arhivskom građom važnom za hrvatsku povijest početku sveska, zabilježeni su u inventaru Kukuljevićeve i povijest umjetnosti, Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski boravio je u zbirke kao Verantianorum Quietantie et Conventiones.7 Šibeniku dva puta. Po podacima iz njegovih iscrpnih putnih Posrijedi su bilježničke isprave nastale 1576., odnosno 1579. Izvjestja, godine 1854. upoznao se sa ostavštinom obitelji godine u Šibeniku u svezi s podjelom imovine Antuna Draganić-Vrančić no nije mu pošlo za rukom doprijeti do Vrančića.8 Ostrogonski nadbiskup i kraljevski namjesnik u općinskog arhiva.1 U drugom navratu, dvije godine poslije, ugarsko-hrvatskoj državi umro je u Prešovu (u današnjoj u tom je pogledu imao više uspjeha. Prelistavši, kako je Slovačkoj) 15.
    [Show full text]
  • Snowshoe Trail Map 2020/2021 Snowshoe at Mt
    Snowshoe Trail Map 2020/2021 Snowshoe at Mt. Hood Meadows Explore Mt. Hood Meadows via snowshoe! We offer guided tours to Umbrella Falls on Saturday and Sunday, and Vista Ridge Tours on specific evenings after the Vista chairlift has closed to the public. For information on these tours, please visit: SkiHood.com/Snowshoe Snowshoe Rentals Snowshoes with poles available at our Rental Center located in the Sahale Lodge or at the Nordic Center located in the Hood River Meadows parking area. Starting at 9am ............................................................................... $29 Starting at 12pm ............................................................................ $25 Starting at 2pm ............................................................................... $15 Sno-Park Permits Required November 1st - April 30th to park in Oregon Department of Transportation maintained parking areas (including the Mt. Hood Meadows parking lots). Permits are available at our Concierge, the Hood River Meadows Lodge, Nordic Center or at any DMV office and many sporting goods stores. Parking in an Oregon Sno-Park without a permit may result in a fine of $30 or more. Oregon Skier Statute ORS 30.970 to 30.990 Violation of any of these duties entitles the ski area operator to withdraw the violator’s privilege of skiing. The following are excerpts from the statute. References to “Skiers” & “Skiing” include skiing, snowboarding and other winter activities. • Skiers accept and assume the inherent risks of skiing (in so far as they are reasonably obvious, expected or necessary). • Skiers who ski in any area not designated for skiing within the permit area assume the inherent risks thereof. • Skiers shall be the sole judges of the limits of their skills and their ability to meet and overcome the inherent risks of skiing and shall maintain reasonable control of speed and course.
    [Show full text]
  • WIR US April 14 1504.Indd
    April/May 2014 No. 193 • 39th Year La Toussuire in the French Alps is a popular destination for winter sports enthusiasts. It is also the birthplace of Jean-Pierre Vidal, slalom winner at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City (2002). p.4 Skiers’ paradise Orelle boosts its appeal World record: The 3S Psekhako in the Olympic 6-CLD enthralls families and attracts experienced sports enthusiasts. p.2 region of Sochi is the longest (5.4 km) and the Sainte Foy Tarentaise: nature conservation and comfort fastest (8.5 m/s) lift of its kind in the world. Variable loading speeds for skiers and foot passengers. p.6 Regional building style for chairlift in Bregenzerwald Wood is the local material in Mellau. p.8 Aerial tramway Grimentz-Zinal enlarges ski area Spectators line the way for delivery of giant ropes. p.14 Ski villages in Val des Bagnes grow together A fifth valley is added to the 4 Vallées ski region. p.16 Power plant high in the Swiss Alps The world‘s heaviest reversible aerial tramway. p.18 Doppelmayr/Garaventa Group Skiers’ paradise Orelle boosts comfort and capacity Orelle in the Département he chairlift provides access to a very Savoien describes itself as a popular blue ski run; experienced ski- Ters can also use it as a connecting top-comfort skiers’ paradise lift to get to the highest peak in the Trois in the large Trois Vallées Vallées region. Up to now, they often avoid- ed this route due to the waiting times on ski circuit. This paradise the old lift.
    [Show full text]
  • Orthographies in Early Modern Europe
    Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Edited by Susan Baddeley Anja Voeste De Gruyter Mouton An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org ISBN 978-3-11-021808-4 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 ISSN 0179-0986 e-ISSN 0179-3256 ThisISBN work 978-3-11-021808-4 is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License, ase-ISBN of February (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 23, 2017. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 LibraryISSN 0179-0986 of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ae-ISSN CIP catalog 0179-3256 record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-3-11-028812-4 e-ISBNBibliografische 978-3-11-028817-9 Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliogra- fie;This detaillierte work is licensed bibliografische under the DatenCreative sind Commons im Internet Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs über 3.0 License, Libraryhttp://dnb.dnb.deas of February of Congress 23, 2017.abrufbar.
    [Show full text]
  • From: Lee Greenwald To
    From: Lee Greenwald To: FS-objections-pnw-mthood Subject: Twilight Parking lot Date: Monday, March 03, 2014 11:44:20 PM Attachments: 2013 International Report on Snow Mountain Tourism.pdf Cross-country skiing experiencing a Nordic renaissance Olympian.pdf Twilight Parking Lot OBJECTION 3-1-14 EAE v2.doc Dear objections official, I previously raised several objections concerning Mt Hood Meadows application to build the Twilight Parking lot. Though some, not all, of these objections were ostensibly addressed in their responses, they were not addressed fully nor adequately. I raised concerns regarding Meadows assumptions on growth in demand for Alpine skiing. The last ten years MHM stated continued growth trends, but actually the most recent previous two years that has not been the trend. The true growth is in Nordic skiing. The majority of the Nordic community is against the creation of the Twilight lot without a comprehensive analysis of potential future use of this terrain, and nearby Nordic trails and connecting trails. This type of analysis has not been done, and would be precluded by proceeding with the construction of the Twilight lot before all future use options have been considered. Second, I asked that MHM be required by the FS to place the funds, $500,000, for a Nordic center in a designated account for a future Nordic center building, and a restrictive timeline for construction. If the parking lot is to be built, the Nordic community should have some prior input on the Nordic facility to be built prior to the lots final approval. The response that was posted simply stated that "a" facility would be built within three years.
    [Show full text]