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An Open Source Technology Tool SL Nalawade1, AM Joshi2

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An Open Source Technology Tool SL Nalawade1, AM Joshi2 Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) PEER REVIEW IMPACT FACTOR ISSN VOL- VIII ISSUE- IV APRIL 2021 e-JOURNAL 7.149 2349-638x Linux: An Open Source Technology Tool S. L. Nalawade1, A. M. Joshi2 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, K.G.D.B.L.M., Kundal, Maharashtra, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, K.G.D.B.L.M., Kundal, Maharashtra, India Abstract – The dynamic and responsive nature of 'open source' software and the existence of freely available documentation and online communities offers an opportunity for educators, network administrators and software developers to participate in the development of resources appropriate to local needs while developing their own skills. In this paper we study the history of open source, learning using open source technology and digitization education tools through various sectors like courseware, smart class, education portals and virtual university. In this paper we can discuss the impact of open source system tools through services and problems on learning management in education as well as Use of various open source management tools to create and manage learning content on the web. In this paper we also move towards student centered learning in creating blogs and other interactive web applications to enhance peer communication in and outside the classroom. Educational institutions have rushed to put their academic resources and services online, bringing the global community onto a common platform and awakening the interest of investors. Despite continuing technical challenges, online education shows great promise. Open source software offers one approach to addressing the technical problems in providing optimal delivery of online learning. Keywords- Open Source, Technology, Education, Digitization, Learning Management tools. I. Introduction • Author’s source code integrity. If the license allows patch file distribution along with the Many features distinguish open source original source code, a user cannot modify the code and distribute it2 except by giving software from closed or proprietary software. The the new version a new name. Open Source Initiative (OSI) has set a standard— • No personal discrimination. No person or the “open source definition”—by which software group shall be discriminated against during qualifies for an open source license.[1] open source product distribution. • No restriction on application. Open source The software must meet the following criteria: software can be used in any field and for any • Unrestricted distribution. Users can purpose. distribute or sell the software without paying • License distribution. The privileges attached royalties. to the original program extend to all who • Source code distribution. The source code of receive the program, so recipients do not the entire open source product must be easily need to apply for a separate license. modifiable. In the absence of the source • License must not be product-specific. The code, the product must cite a low- cost rights associated with a license extend to resource where users can obtain it. products extracted from larger software • Modifications. The license allows aggregate. modifications, and its terms remain • No restriction on other software. No unchanged for distribution of improved restrictions are allowed on distribution of versions. Email id’s:- [email protected] Or [email protected] Page No. Chief Editor: - Pramod P. Tandale (Mob.08999250451) website :- www.aiirjournal.com 64 Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) PEER REVIEW IMPACT FACTOR ISSN VOL- VIII ISSUE- IV APRIL 2021 e-JOURNAL 7.149 2349-638x open source products bundled with products license. The GNU operating system lacked a kernel, developed on other software platforms. however, until Linus Torvalds developed the Linux • Technology neutrality. Licenses should not kernel. In 1992, the Linux kernel was integrated be issued on the basis of the specific within the GNU operating system. technology involved Linux become more sophisticated over time with the help of programmers who worked to II. History of Open Source improve the kernel and create Linux-adapted The development of three operating software. The following years witnessed the systems— UNIX, GNU, and Linux—formed the introduction of many commercial and enhanced foundation of the open source movement.3 From its versions of the Linux operating system by vendors inception, open source has been closely associated such as Red Hat, Mandriva, and Novell. Linux is still with academia. available as free open source software. UNIX had its roots in the joint venture launched in the late 1960s by Bell Labs and MIT to III. Learning and Digitization create a new operating system named Multics. Based The digitization of education is a relatively on that work, some of the programmers developed a new phenomenon that has transformed the education new operating system, which they named UNIX, to sector. Corporations and academic institutions have provide more flexibility to users. Academic joined forces to further explore the potential for institutions could purchase UNIX source codes at digitizing education through a price considerably lower than that paid by • Virtual universities corporations and government agencies. In 1975, • Online courses Ken Thompson joined the University of California, • Education portals Berkeley, along with two other graduate students, • Courseware Bill Joy and Chuck Haley. In 1977 the trio began • Coursera distributing an open source version of UNIX called • Smartclass BSD. The following year saw the release of a revised edition called 2BSD. Virtual universities are the best-known form The MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab launched of online education. Accredited virtual universities a similar endeavor in which the code was enhanced such as the University of Phoenix offer degrees in by passing it among the programmers. The venture mainly professional courses taught largely by part- lost momentum in face of advances in computer time faculty members from different universities. science. The free software movement was launched Online consortia of academic institutions integrate in 1983. In 1998, a group of individuals advocated related courses into programs delivered via a single that the term free software should be replaced by virtual university. open source software (OSS) as an expression which Online courses are offered in a variety of is less ambiguous and more comfortable for the forms by various sources. Some courses are offered corporate world11. Software developers may want to by subsidiaries of renowned traditional universities, publish their software with an open source license, so although many such courses are not accredited. The that anybody may also develop the same software or parent universities’ names act as a powerful draw for understand its internal functioning. Open source online students. Courses are also offered by software generally allows anyone to organizations that create digital collections of study create modifications of the software, port it to new material culled from different academic sources. operating systems and processor architectures, share Education portals, although not directly it with others or market it. connected to the curriculum, have become an Programmer Richard Stallman founded the integral part of education. Since the late 1990s, some GNU Project in 1984. The GNU General Public U.S. universities have outsourced e-mail and other License allows users to modify the code and Web services, site administrative functions, distribute the improved version under the same courseware, and other computer administrative Email id’s:- [email protected] Or [email protected] Page No. Chief Editor: - Pramod P. Tandale (Mob.08999250451) website :- www.aiirjournal.com 65 Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) PEER REVIEW IMPACT FACTOR ISSN VOL- VIII ISSUE- IV APRIL 2021 e-JOURNAL 7.149 2349-638x services to software development and application IV.Open Source and Its Impact on Learning companies. As college administrators strive to strike a Courseware is used in both the academic and balance between resources and requirements, open corporate sectors, with development often source e-learning software has emerged as a viable outsourced to companies that provide study solution. Many universities have opted for open material for both online and offline purposes. source learning management systems, in particular. Many companies use sophisticated computerized [18] courses in their employee training programs. Advantages that have tipped the balance Coursera is an educational technology toward open source include the following: [17] company which works with universities to make some of their courses available online. E-learning or 1. Stability: If you have used other operating computer- based training includes all forms of systems, once you have made the switch to electronically supported learning and teaching. It Linux, you will notice that Linux has an edge also includes educational technology. Online over Windows here. I can remember rebooting education is a type of distance learning. There is no Windows many times over the years, because need to attend the college or university in person. an application crashed, and I couldn't continue [22] working. Linux can crash also, but it is much Smartclass is basically a digital content harder to do. If an application crashes in Linux, library of mapped
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