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In Pictures and Words: a Womanist Answer To IN PICTURES AND WORDS: A WOMANIST ANSWER TO ADDRESSING THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN AND THEIR BODIES—A GUMBO OF LIBERATION AND HEALING A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Graduate School of Leadership & Change Antioch University In partial fulfillment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Yolandé Aileen Ifalami Devoe ORCID Scholar No. #0000-0002-2230-8140 August 2020 IN PICTURES AND WORDS: A WOMANIST ANSWER TO ADDRESSING THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN AND THEIR BODIES—A GUMBO OF LIBERATION AND HEALING This dissertation, by Yolandé Aileen Ifalami Devoe, has been approved by the committee members signed below who recommend that it be accepted by the faculty of the Graduate School in Leadership & Change Antioch University in partial fulfillment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Dissertation Committee: Philomena Essed, PhD, Committee Chair Elizabeth Holloway, PhD, Committee Member Jameta N. Barlow, PhD, MPH, Committee Member ii Copyright 2020 Yolandé Aileen Ifalami Devoe All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT IN PICTURES AND WORDS: A WOMANIST ANSWER TO ADDRESSING THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN AND THEIR BODIES—A GUMBO OF LIBERATION AND HEALING Yolandé Aileen Ifalami Devoe Graduate School of Leadership & Change Antioch University Yellow Springs, OH Whether it is claiming a radical self-love for one’s body or dissatisfaction of one’s body, the experiences of African American women and their bodies cannot be divergent from the sociocultural contexts in which they live. Seeking to reveal how gender, race, and sexual orientation impact the lived experiences of African American women and their bodies, this study will bring attention to and provide a more nuanced understanding of the historical and sociocultural ramifications of the Black female body. Historically, inadequate attention has been given to an intersectional approach to understanding the experiences of the Black female body. It is understood that Black women are a marginalized population. This marginalization is rooted in race, gender, age, sexual orientation, and class. What influence do these interlocking oppressive forces have on the way African American women live and view their bodies? Utilizing a participatory research model, participants chronicled their experiences with their bodies in pictures and words through interviews, narratives, and photographs. Addressing body image from an intersectional approach, this research adds to existing literature and gives womanist breadth and depth to this discussion of body experience framed within the sociocultural context. iv The women, “sisters,” in this study shared stories of liberation, healing and resistance challenging assumptions of Black womanhood. This dissertation is available in open access at AURA: Antioch University Repository and Archive, http://aura.antioch.edu/ and OhioLINK ETD Center, https://etd.ohiolink.edu/ Keywords: Womanism, Narrative Photovoice, Poetic Inquiry, African American Women, Intersectionality, Racism, Body Experiences, Beauty Standards, Liberation, Sister Circles, Healing, Agency v Dedication This is dedicated to my granddaughters, Brielle Aileen Brooklynn Lei-LaJoyce Mariah Arletta-Justine Kennedy Azéron-Michelle And the granddaughters, grandsons, great granddaughters, great grandsons and those that follow. vi Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge those that look from above yet who walk with me each day. From the names I do not know and the names of those beloved ancestors I do know, I give thanks. In gratitude to the ancestors who led me to and through this journey. A special acknowledgement to my mother, Dr. Edna LaJoyce Devoe Neal, whose last request before she transitioned to Orun (Heaven) was that I finish this degree. With her doctorate degree and picture on my desk, moving through grief, anger, frustration and loss, I kept her promise. In gratitude, I give thanks to the Neal, Devoe, Dixon, Jackson clans and the all the ancestors that made a way out of no way. Mojuba (Thank you). I extend deepest appreciation to my dissertation committee: Dr. Philomena Essed, thank you for guiding me gently, yet pushing me firmly through this process. Thank you for connecting with me on a deeper level; at times it was spiritual. Thank you for embodying and believing in my work and my worth. You were my source of calm when I was in a whirlwind. It was as if you were channeling my mother. You taught me to trust and see the value of my voice. I am so grateful that you were my chair. Dr. Elizabeth Holloway and Dr. Jameta N. Barlow, thank you both for your wonderful contributions, energy, and excitement about my study and my future. To my adviser throughout the course of the program, Dr. Laurien Alexandre. I appreciate your unyielding support and care. I give my complete gratitude to Dr. “Uncle” Charlie and Aunt Jeanetta Nelms, you kept your promise to my mother. Thank you for seeding into me, believing in me, encouraging me, sharing words of wisdom with me, and your generous financial support. I love you so much. vii To my beautiful, talented, educated, supportive, gifted, compassionate, caring children; Bryttani LaJoyce Debro, Shawn-Christopher Boykin, Kayela LaVonne McDade, Tabetha Michelle Barker, Ifatade Louis Arthur Tyson, and Ifakoredé Irédelé Oladelé Riggins, thank you for love and faith in me. To my wife, G. Funmilayo “Funmi” Tyson-Devoe. From our favorite coffee spot Brioso to our favorite Bexley library, our residency travels, to late night chats about the ways in which our work intersects, to the tears that fell when I received the news of my mother’s diagnosis and to the tender way you held me when I arrived from laying her to rest, you are my rock, that steady beat, that Oludumare knew I needed to move with and through this journey. I love you to the core of my being and look forward to you completing this journey and people will say “Dr’s Funmi and Falami”. To my WEOTTE, Dr. Nicola “Nikki” Smith-Kea and Dr. Angela Quitadamo. It felt damn good just typing your “Dr” in front of your names. We did it. We made a promise to ourselves to stay in this until each of us was done. The universe heard and conspired with us and made it possible for us to defend our dissertations within a week and a day of each other. Such a beautiful way to end this part of our journey together. I am here because of you both and for that I give a million thanks. We will forever be WEOTTE. I love you. Thanks to my sister-friends, mentors, spiritual sisters and cheerleaders, Dr. Moira Vera, America Henson, Dr. Greer Stanford-Randle, Dawn Jackson, Shantelle Hill, Jennifer Hargreave, Dr. Chris Taylor, Vanya Francis, Dr. Kenja McCray, Dr. Deborah Wilcox, Dr. Judy A. Alston, Dr. Cynthia Tyson and Mata Edali. Your light, your encouragement, your prayers, your wisdom, your advice, and support meant the world to me. I appreciate Dr. Norman Dale, for his editing skills and wit. viii Special thanks go out to all my co-researchers, my sisters who shared their stories with me. The sharing of your experiences is just the beginning of healing and liberation. I send love and light to you. ix Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. xiv Prologue: The Budding Womanist................................................................................................ xv Chapter I: Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Historical Roots .......................................................................................................................... 2 One Standard of Beauty .............................................................................................................. 4 Research Question ...................................................................................................................... 5 Researcher and Positionality ....................................................................................................... 6 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 9 Ethical Considerations ................................................................................................................ 9 Study Limitations ...................................................................................................................... 10 Definitions and Key Terminology ............................................................................................ 10 Dissertation Chapter Overview ................................................................................................. 11 Chapter II: Literature Review ....................................................................................................... 13 In the Beginning: Complexities of Colonization ...................................................................... 14 Construction of the Sociopolitical Narrative of the
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