DOCSLIB.ORG

United Labor Bulletin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United Labor Bulletin Mass Meeting off all who Oppose Continued Anarchy in Colorado will be held on the State Cap- itol Grounds Tomorrow-Sunday—Afternoon at 3 o'Clock. The time for Investigations and Reso- lutions has passed. “Action”is to be the Watchword. Let’s all Stand and Strike for LIBERTY! UNITEDOFFICIAL COLORADO STATE FEDERATION OF LABOR TRADES AND LABOR ASSEMBLY PAPER LABORAND DENVER* BULLETIN VOL VIII DENVER, COLORADO, SATURDAY, APRIL 25, 1914 No. 38 Rockefeller’s Thug Gunmen Massacre Women and Children at Ludlow, Set Flaming Torch to Homes WANTON CARNAGE OF STATE MILITIA Known Victims of the Ludlow Carnage MONSTER MASS MEETING SUNDAY BRINGS REPRISAL BY MAD STRIKERS The following is the revised list of the dead and wounded in ON GROUNDS OF THE STATE CAPITOL the battle between the strikers and militia at the Ludlow camp: THE DEAD. ClardiUo Pedrifon, 4, daughter of Mrs. private Marcel.no Pedrigon. After Slaughter at Ludlow, Troop Officers Refuse to Permit Albert Martin, Co. A, Denver.! Sogerio Pedrigon, 6. Colorado Must Be Redeemed and Taken From Control of Cor- Bodies; Nurses, Louis Tikas, leader of Greek strikers., Lucy Petrucci, 3. porations Removal of Red Cross Physicians James Fyler, financial secretary of the Joe Petrucci, 4. in Order That Industrial Justice May Ludlow Frank Petrucci, 6. | - Union. and Undertakers Turned Back by Fiends Frank Sebino, striker, Ludlow. Unidentified striker, body lying on Be Established and Peace Reign Premo Larsie, 18, brewery worker, mesa ne*r Ludlow. Trinidad. Bin Vigil, striker, Aguillar. i Iffo: Sumach, strike*, Aguilsr. hirty-fivc known to l>c dead, a score more probably fatally Frank Snyder, 12, son of William w«.imdcd and missing estimated at fifty, is the record up to Thurs- Snydefr, Ludlow. THE MISSING. day "h h>n of the movement inaugurated by the Rockefeller inter- Steven Donovan, Victor-American min? Fel l Gonzales, Victor-American mine guard. Delagua. Ludlow! A Call to i—t- and coal companies to exterminate the striking coal miners, guard, Dels gua. Action! mine Jo< Chavez, Victor-American guard, their families and sympathizers in Las county, or the Trini- Carl Johnson, Victor-American Animas guard, Dels gua Delayua. d. ‘ c*»al district in southern Colorado. Imported gunmen, few of Fred Dougherty, Victor-American mine THE INJURED A mass meeting will be held Sunday afternoon on the State them «»f the hut enlisted the soldier, citizens state into Colorado national guard, Delague. Frank Purcelle, private Colo- House grounds at 3 o’clock to take action upon the Ludlow guard, and 11111“ clothed with authority to commit crimes in the Charles Costa, 31, union organiser at rado Springs; shot in left shoulder. Aguilar. Harry McCauley, private Co. H. La massacre. All those to whom patriotism means name of law . a* it is construed by Governor Ammons and his mili- more than Mrs. Elalino Costa, 27. Hunts; shot in foot. profits, and in whom humanity iary officers, were the direct agents who have written the blackest in- still burns, are urged to attend Lucy Costa, 4. Tv strikers, identity withheld; and chapter recorded in all industrial history. Onafno Costa, 6. jured :n battle at Delagua. breathe their passion into the dead body of murdered jus- \\ Harvey Phillips, engineer at Tobasco; itH machine guns provided by the coal operators these thugs, Mrs. Chaves. tice. Betrayed by those elected to protect, and Two daughters of Mrs. Chavez, 4 and 6. shot through shoulder and lungs. butchered by from the slums of large cities, mowed down mercenaries, recruited Eastern de- Baby Chavez, 6 months old. Ed Johnson, striker; shot through the brutal the only hope of the toiling class men, and children, and Hpm-ahng for outside aid. now lies JetisrleM women | idiom- Nephew of Mrs. Chaves, 9. groin in hospital at Pueblo. in common counsel and linn t< add to the carnage and massacre “Hell Hound*’ Linderfelt. who wa* concerted action. Desperate is the applied to tent* which j brought guns The money the torch the | to Colorado with machine need! masters, realizing that we will not surren- li.i'r I•een the home* of I.ZUO citizen* from West Virginia and commissioned er as as Mince the strike inaugurated on Sep- by General Chase as a lieutenant in the '°”ff life lasts, are resolved upon a campaign of utter 1013. and often that he Ready tember Z3, Women babe*. • J state troops, had asserted Be to Defend Your Homes annihilation. Of all those who labor, whether in mine. mill, komr the women alout to become would "get” Louie Tikas, who was “too of ¦ shop or store, not one mother*, were watonly »la ughtriad until i { influential*’ with the strikers—and he is safe from capitalism's savage menace. tin* Ludlow camp became a horrible I 1 did. Denver. Colo.. April 22. 1914 It is the turn of the miners today. Oh. brothers in other call- ahaiuble that caused strong men to reel ; Torch Applied to the Tents. Organize the men in vour community in companies of volun- j ings. it may be yours tomorrow! It is a and faint with the sickening eight. In many of the tenia underground cel- not handful of coal wen* ¦ leers to protect the people of Colorad* against the murder and cre- diggers •Sunday afternoon baaeball game* [ | Isrs had been dug, into which the that have been marked dawn for slaughter: it is the played and happy crowd* looked on. j children, to mation of men. women and children by armed assassins in the em-j j women and unable escape, J right of the worker to better his that thev «h«*«-nng the participant* A group of retreated to be out of range of the mer- ploy of coal corporations serving un er the guise of state condition mean to with militia-1 destroy. If militiamen appeared fear* and ciless fire of the machine guns. All day men. Ludlow shall go unanswered it will be the death taunt*, the miner* to be in* ; but refuaed they lay huddled, frightened almost out Gather all and knell of human hope and human tended into a broil. of tbeir senses, together for defensive purposes arm- ammuni- aspiration. Let the blood of without food or water, and Lame Tikaa the Pirut Mu Shot. knowing not what fate had befallen tion legally available. Semi name of leader of your company those martyred men. women and babes wash awav all lines of number of wire, Kail) Monday morning a company of their fathers, brothers and husband*. actual men enlisted at once by phone or mail, to I difference and division, permitting brotherhood h Maj. Patrick J. llamrock. in supreme to\stand forth ’ troop* under Captain Linderfelt ap- \V. T. Hickey, secretary of State Federation of Labor. free ‘ militia, on again and whole. Come! jm .urd iu front of the tent colony. Louie command of the appeared the Hold companies subject to order. Greek,” in Men* early m the day and directed the all iika*. known a* “Louie the People having arms to spare for these defensive measure are charge of the striker** camp, went out massacre. He conduct* a saloon in Den- WORKERS DEFENSE LEAGUE. was in and where com- to a certain the occasion for the early ier and an active participant the requested to furnish same to local companies, no The captain, who on a pre- Cripple Creek war. It is asserted upon pany exists send them to State federation of Labor. intiu*ion. he the the \\ vious occasion had proclaimed himself reliable authority that gave or- j state is furnishing us .no protection and we must protect orking people of Denver and throughout Colorado have been torch to be applied to The a* • .le*us llirist,** told Ixmic to “Get i der for the the 1 aroused to the fighting pitch by the massacre at 1 tents, the “We will extermi- ourselves, our wives and children from these murderous assassins. Ludlow. In order to lie!) out of here.** A* he turned to re- with cry: to give public expression to their enter nate every man, woman and child of the . We seek no quarrel with the state and we expect to break no law. sentiments and protest against hi* tent a fusilade of bullets of law luought him to the ground. When his damned red necks!” We intend to exercise our lawful right as citizens to defend our non-enforcement by Governor Ammons a mass meeting of to in body «»* finally recovered Wednesday Word# fail describe the awful homes and our constitutional rights. all who believe justice and human rights has been called for the iiUirnoon there were 51 bullet holes in scenes that followed. Trapped human R. LAWSON, M T. HICKEY, State Capitol grounds Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock. No permis- it and the striker had literally been being* were suffocated and burned, their JOHN was asked any charred .remains being exposed to view M’LENNAN, 1 R. HOAGE, sion of state'authority for the use of the people’s shot to pieces. James Kyler and Charles TOHN ground, as supplication Ajosta. two other miner* who came out Tuesday morning. It was a scene to E. L. DOYLE. T W. TAYLOR. the time for is’considered as passed. Should to ascertain the trouble, met a similar startle’the entire civilised world. Pas- an effort be made to prevent the meeting the State grounds on trains see and even TOHN RAMSEY, CLARENCE MOORHOUSE. House late. From that moment all was con* senger* could ERNEST MILLS. w ill he taken bv force. However, no opposition of this character is fusion. The machine guns stationed in count the bodies.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form 1
    NFS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-OO18 (3-82) Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For NFS use only National Register of Historic Places received MAY | 5 date entered \\\\ | Q Inventory—Nomination Form I <J See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries—complete applicable sections_______________ 1. Name historic Ludlow Tent Colony Site and or common Ludlow Monument 2. Location Junction of Del Aqua Canyon Road and Colorrdo and street & number Southern Railroad tracks 1/JL not for publication city, town Ludlow n' a vicinity of state Colorado code Oo county Las Animas code 071 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public occupied agriculture museum YY ^_ building(si) AA private XX unoccupied commercial park yy structure both work in progress educational private residence AA site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object n/a in process vy yes: restricted government scientific n/a being considered ._ yes: unrestricted industrial .^ transportation no military 10T othcr. Monument 4. Owner of Property name United Mine Workers of America c/o Jose Garcia, President District 15 UMWA street & number 6525 West 44th Avenue city, town Wheat Ridge n/a vicinity of state Colorado 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Las 'Animas County Clerk and Recorder Trinidad street & number Trinidad Colorado city, town state 6. Representation in Existing Surveys "^Colorado Inventory nf rhetoric Sjtgs has this property been determined eligible? ——yes XX no date 1984 federal JQL state county local depository for survey records Colorado Historical Society, 1300 Broadway________ city, town Denver_____________________________________ state Colorado 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering Ludlow but Forgetting the Columbine: the 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike
    Remembering Ludlow but Forgetting the Columbine: The 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike By Leigh Campbell-Hale B.A., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 1977 M.A., University of Colorado, Boulder, 2005 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado and Committee Members: Phoebe S.K. Young Thomas G. Andrews Mark Pittenger Lee Chambers Ahmed White In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History 2013 This thesis entitled: Remembering Ludlow but Forgetting the Columbine: The 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike written by Leigh Campbell-Hale has been approved for the Department of History Phoebe S.K. Young Thomas Andrews Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. ii Campbell-Hale, Leigh (Ph.D, History) Remembering Ludlow but Forgetting the Columbine: The 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike Dissertation directed by Associate Professor Phoebe S.K. Young This dissertation examines the causes, context, and legacies of the 1927-1928 Colorado coal strike in relationship to the history of labor organizing and coalmining in both Colorado and the United States. While historians have written prolifically about the Ludlow Massacre, which took place during the 1913- 1914 Colorado coal strike led by the United Mine Workers of America, there has been a curious lack of attention to the Columbine Massacre that occurred not far away within the 1927-1928 Colorado coal strike, led by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
    [Show full text]
  • Guarding Capital: Soldier Strikebreakers on the Long Road to the Ludlow Massacre
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2004 Guarding capital: Soldier strikebreakers on the long road to the Ludlow massacre Anthony Roland DeStefanis College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation DeStefanis, Anthony Roland, "Guarding capital: Soldier strikebreakers on the long road to the Ludlow massacre" (2004). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623451. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-d7pf-f181 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GUARDING CAPITAL: Soldier Strikebreakers on the Long Road to the Ludlow Massacre A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Anthony Roland DeStefanis 2004 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Anthony Roland DeStefanis Approved by the Committee, October 2004 Cindy Hahamovitch, Chair r Judith Ewell Scott R. Nelson David Montgdmeiy Yale University, (Emeritus ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements v Abstract vii Introduction 2 Chapter I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concise History of Ludlow Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    THE CONCISE HISTORY OF LUDLOW PDF, EPUB, EBOOK David Lloyd | 192 pages | 09 Jan 2020 | Merlin Unwin Books | 9781910723982 | English | Shropshire, United Kingdom The Concise History of Ludlow PDF Book Someone really needs to restore them. Election Edward Herbert. Linderfelt, Sgt. Conservative hold. The most recent issues of Finest Hour are available online to members. Just found your website, and love it! He is clever, articulate, prepared to listen and displays excellent judgement, resulting in a calming and down to earth manner with clients. You are also invited to register to attend our webinar on whistleblowing on 12 November. Merseyside Tales. Thomas Herbert. Charles Foxe [6]. Not registered? During the battle, four women and eleven children had been hiding in a pit beneath one tent, where they were trapped when the tent above them was set on fire. Tikas had been shot in the back. Our in-house projects have continually experimented with markerless applications — allowing t-shirts to play MP3 albums, translating feature content into sign language, and fridge magnets that play movies. With Ludlow providing a Motor Court with bungalow cabins, the streamline moderne Ludlow Cafe, a gasoline-service garage, and shade. Robert Berry unseated on petition- replaced by Robert Lloyd. Calum's Road. Robert Blount. The Concise History of Ludlow Writer Thomas Croft [6]. Anticipating trouble, Tikas ran back to the camp. From to it was the southern railhead for the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad , operated by the Pacific Coast Borax Company and bringing borax and other mining products from Death Valley and Beatty, Nevada to long distance Santa Fe Railway lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering Tikas: a Pilgrimage to Loutra
    A JOURNAL OF ORTHODOX FAITH AND CULTURE ROAD TO EMMAUS Help support Road to Emmaus Journal. The Road to Emmaus staff hopes that you find our journal inspiring and useful. While we offer our past articles on-line free of charge, we would warmly appreciate your help in covering the costs of producing this non-profit journal, so that we may continue to bring you quality articles on Orthodox Christianity, past and present, around the world. Thank you for your support. Please consider a donation to Road to Emmaus by visiting the Donate page on our website. REMEMBERING TIKAS: A PILGRIMAGE TO LOUTRA In the late spring of 2011, Dr. Timothy Patitsas, Assistant Professor of Ethics at Holy Cross Theological School in Brookline, Massachusetts, led a group of graduate students to Crete where they visited the birthplace of the young Greek-American union organizer, Louis Tikas, murdered by the state militia in Ludlow, Colorado in 1914 while defending a tent colony of striking miners. A few weeks after the pilgrimage, Road to Emmaus interviewed Dr. Patitsas in Thessalonica. 56 RTE: Professor Patitsas, what inspired you to make a pilgrimage to Tikas’ birthplace? PROF. PATITSAS: The sense of the fragmentariness of his memory. I’d heard of the Ludlow massacre only as an oral tradition among Colorado Orthodox that the Orthodox had played a role in the U.S. labor movement. The fragil- ity of Tikas’ legacy—the sense that we don’t know much about him, that he died very young, and that he is not given a great deal of honor within the Orthodox or Greek communities—this, along with his bravery and the real historical impact he made, has a poignancy to it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colorado Coalfield War of 1913-'14
    The Colorado Coalfield War of 1913-’14 How did Colorado become the scene of the most violent strike in U.S. history? What rights should workers exercise? What rights should employers possess? And what role should government play when labor and management conflict? By Thomas Andrews1 Background On an April morning in 1914, bullets began to fly fast and furious near a tiny town called Ludlow in the southern Colorado foothills. By the time the fighting stopped ten days later, more than fifty people had been killed. Dozens more had been wounded, several mine tunnels had been reduced to rubble, two towns lay in ashes, and a tent colony that had housed more some 1,200 people for upwards of seven months lay in rubble. These events, which people of the time variously referred to as the Ludlow Massacre, the Battle of Ludlow, and the Ten Days’ War—marked the most contentious phase in a much longer conflict: The Colorado coalfield war of 1913-’14. On one side of this conflict stood striking coal mine workers, their families, and the the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), the nation’s largest labor union. Opposing these strikers were two powerful foes: the Colorado National Guard and coal-mining companies led by the Rockefeller-owned Colorado Fuel & Iron Company (CF&I). The coalfield war of 1913-’14 brought several decades of conflict between workers, corporations, and the State of Colorado to a contentious head. The most violent strike in United States history, the coalfield war attracted national and even international attention. Though southern Colorado was relatively remote and isolated, the struggle that erupted there between miners and mining corporations cut to the heart of a broader conflict that stood at the very center of political, economic, and social life.
    [Show full text]
  • Citizenship and Labor in the Progressive Era, 1890-1925
    “I HAVE THE EAGLE”: CITIZENSHIP AND LABOR IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA, 1890-1925 A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By: Stephanie Lynn Taylor, M.F.A. Washington, DC August 20, 2017 Copyright 2017 by Stephanie Taylor All Rights Reserved ii “I HAVE THE EAGLE:” CITIZENSHIP AND LABOR IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA, 1890-1925 Stephanie Lynn Taylor, M.F.A. Thesis Advisor: Joseph A. McCartin, Ph.D. ABSTRACT During the critical years of American industrialization and rising status as a world power, a great struggle unfolded in the United States over workers’ status as citizens and what rights their status entailed. The outcome of this struggle shaped and constrained what workers would achieve in twentieth-century America. Just as imperialism raised the question of whether “the Constitution followed the flag” abroad, industrial conflict in those years raised the question of whether the flag – and the Constitution it symbolized – would follow laboring men and women into workplaces, streets, homes, and interactions with employers and government authorities. This dissertation argues that labor conflicts in this period were frequently fought over the boundaries and content of working-class citizenship. However, by the dawn of the New Deal era, the right to organize had become narrowly defined as a matter of market regulation, not as a matter of constitutional principles. This dissertation draws on the experiences of a wide range of workers to make its argument, including Japanese plantation laborers in Hawaii, agricultural workers along the U.S.-Mexico border, coal miners in Colorado, ore miners in the Midwest, and mill workers in the Northeast.
    [Show full text]
  • Ludlow Massacre.Pdf
    Ludlow Sources in the Stephen H. Hart Library & Research Center Compiled June 2012 by Pat Fraker, Sarah Gilmor, and Laura Ruttum Senturia Updated August 2016 by Melissa VanOtterloo Manuscript Collections Colorado Fuel and Iron Corporation, Mss.01057 Hildreth Frost, Mss.00254 John Henry Nankivell, Mss.00461 Edward Verdeckberg, Mss.00648 Jesse Floyd Welborn, Mss.01218 Photographs Louis R. Dold photograph collection, Ph.00496 Adolph Germer photograph collection, Ph.00570 John Kemp photograph collection, Ph.00238 Welborn photograph collection, Ph.00467 Photo Subject File Collection Military-Strikes-Ludlow Military-Strikes-Ludlow-Denver Post Collection Military-Strikes-Ludlow-Ludlow Monument Military-Strikes-Ludlow-Memorial Service Military-Strikes-Ludlow-UMW Collection References to other photo subject files related to the Ludlow Massacre: Military-Strikes-Walsenburg C-Ludlow C-Trinidad C-Walsenburg BPF-Jones, Mary “Mother” BPF-Tikas, Louis BPF-Welborn, Jesse F. Newspapers In addition to the coverage in the Rocky Mountain News and Denver Post, the following Trinidad and Walsenburg newspapers were in publication during the period of the strike and massacre. Advertiser-Monitor, OEH1850, 1912-1916 The Independent, OEH1525, 1909-1933 Miscellaneous Newspapers of Colorado, Misc. Z98-4 Miscellaneous Newspapers, Hinsdale County through Otero County, Misc. Z99ch Miscellaneous Trinidad Newspapers, Misc. Z99cz4 (shorter runs of multiple titles) Trinidad Chronicle-News, OEH1847, 1898-present The Walsenburg World, OEH1530, 1889-1933 (available online 1889-1920 via the Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection) Oral Histories Oral history interview with Michael S. Livoda, OH 382 Oral history interview with William M. Nevius, OH 361 Books Aiken, Ellen Schoening. The United Mine Workers of America moves west: race, working class formation, and the discourse on cultural diversity in the Union Pacific coal towns of southern Wyoming, 1870-1930.
    [Show full text]
  • NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION LUDLOW TENT COLONY SITE Page 1 1. NAME of PROPERTY Historic Name
    NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 LUDLOW TENT COLONY SITE Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Ludlow Tent Colony Site Other Name/Site Number: 5LA1829 2. LOCATION Street & Number: County Road 44.0, northeast of its intersection with County Road 61.3 Not for publication: N/A City/Town: Ludlow Vicinity: X State: CO County: Las Animas Code: 071 Zip Code: 81020 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): ____ Public-Local: District: ____ Public-State: Site: X Public-Federal: Structure: ____ Object: ____ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 0 2 buildings 1 0 sites 1 0 structures 1 0 objects 3 2 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 1 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: American Labor History Theme Study; Labor Archeology in the United States Theme Study (draft) NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 LUDLOW TENT COLONY SITE Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination ____ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
    [Show full text]
  • 1914: the Ludlow Massacre
    1914: The Ludlow massacre The history of the Ludlow Massacre of striking coal miners, which was one of the most brutal attacks on organised labour in North American history. It was the pinnacle of efforts by the National Guard and local strike-breakers under the command of the Rockefeller family to suppress a strike of twelve thousand workers Issues concerning labour had dogged the United States for many years preceding World War I and had resulted in widespread strike action, especially in the West of the country. Tensions rose to a melting point when a union activist was killed in late 1913 resulting in workers at the Rockefeller family owned Colorado Fuel and Iron Corporation’s (CF+I) going on strike. Miners evacuated the coal camps on September 23rd in protest against low wages, poor working conditions and continued victimisation of union activists. This was to mark the beginning of what was to be a harsh seven months of continued brutality and repression at the hands of their bosses. Miners of the CF+I were paid $1.68 a day and were forced to work in extremely harsh conditions, this was particularly true for the Colorado miners, where fatality rates were often double the national average. What little wages the miners earned were paid in scrip, which was redeemable only at the company store where prices were high. Attempts of unionisation by the Colorado miners dated back to the first strike of 1883 in which they tried to join the Western Federation of Miners, in 1913 they were attempting to organise into the United Mine Workers of America.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Legal History
    WESTERN LEGAL HISTORY THE JOURNAL OF THE NINTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT HISTORICAL SOCIETY VOLUME 8, NUMBER 2 SUMMER/FALL 1995 Western Legal History is published semi-annually, in spring and fall, by the Ninth Judicial Circuit Historical Society, 125 S. Grand Avenue, Pasadena, California 91105, [818) 795-0266. The journal explores, analyzes, and presents the history of law, the legal profession, and the courts-particularly the federal courts-in Alaska, Arizona, Califomia, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washinl,rton, Guam, and the Northem Mariana Islands. Western Legal History is sent to members of the Society as well as members of affiHated legal historical societies in the Ninth Circuit. Membership is open to all. Membership dues (individuals and institutions): Patron, $1,000 or more; Steward, $750-$999; Sponsor, $500-$749; Grantor, $250-$499; Sustaining, $100- $249; Advocate, $50-$99; Subscribing (non-members of the bench and bar, lawyers in practice fewer than five years, libraries, and academic institutions), $25-$49; Membership dues (law firms and corporations): Founder, $3,000 or more; Patron, $1,000-$2,999; Steward, $750-$999; Sponsor, $500-$749; Grantor, $250-$499. For information regarding membership, back issues of Western Legal History, and other society publications and programs, please. write or telephone the editor. POSTMASTER: Please send change of address to: Editor Western Legal History 125 S. Grand Avenue Pasadena, California 91105 Western Legal History disclaims responsibility for statements made by authors and for accuracy of footnotes. Copyright, ©1995, Ninth Judicial Circuit Historical Society ISSN 0896-2189 The Editorial Board welcomes unsolicited manuscripts, books for review, and recommendations for the journal.
    [Show full text]
  • Good Friday 2014 Isaiah 52:13-53:12; Psalm 22; Hebrews 10:16-25
    Good Friday 2014 St. Thomas Episcopal Church, Denver The Rev. Ruth Woodliff-Stanley April 18, 2014 Isaiah 52:13-53:12; Psalm 22; Hebrews 10:16-25; John 18:1-19:42 As I mentioned last night, on our way down to Rev. Catherine’s institution as Rector of St. Bede’s in Santa Fe, George and I pulled off 1-25 South at exit 27. We drove about a half a mile, parked, and got out on a barren plot of land, the site of the Ludlow Massacre. This Easter Sunday marks the 100 th anniversary of the massacre, remembered as the most horrific labor dispute in U.S. history. At least seven men died defending their community from the Colorado National Guard. But the deaths that elicited the outrage of a nation were the eleven children and two women who were burned alive in a pit the men had dug and put them in to keep them safe. On the 100 th anniversary of a massacre that so shapes this state, and that led to reforms we all enjoy in the American work week, it seems fitting to me to center my homilies for our triduum, the three days of Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Easter on scenes from Ludlow. Today, then, let us consider Louis Tikas. Louis Tikas was a Greek immigrant from Loutra, Crete who worked as a miner in Colorado. He was one of thousands of Greeks who came for the promise of wages wildly exceeding what was possible in their homeland. Approximately 40,000 Greeks worked in the mines, mills and on the railroads of Colorado, Utah and New Mexico before World War I .
    [Show full text]