DOCSLIB.ORG

Guarding Capital: Soldier Strikebreakers on the Long Road to the Ludlow Massacre

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Guarding Capital: Soldier Strikebreakers on the Long Road to the Ludlow Massacre W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2004 Guarding capital: Soldier strikebreakers on the long road to the Ludlow massacre Anthony Roland DeStefanis College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation DeStefanis, Anthony Roland, "Guarding capital: Soldier strikebreakers on the long road to the Ludlow massacre" (2004). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623451. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-d7pf-f181 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GUARDING CAPITAL: Soldier Strikebreakers on the Long Road to the Ludlow Massacre A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Anthony Roland DeStefanis 2004 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Anthony Roland DeStefanis Approved by the Committee, October 2004 Cindy Hahamovitch, Chair r Judith Ewell Scott R. Nelson David Montgdmeiy Yale University, (Emeritus ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements v Abstract vii Introduction 2 Chapter I. The Ludlow Massacre 33 Chapter II. An Empire Within: The Southern Colorado Coalfield, 1872-1913 53 Going West 60 Workers of the World Migrate! 70 Union Anyway 75 Huerfano 80 (Social) Engineering Better Workers 83 A Stunted State 97 The 1903-04 Strike 101 The Operators as the State 104 Chapter III. Workers and Capital Organize 126 Organizing Against the Empire 130 Capital Organizes 153 Baldwin-Felts at the Operators’ Service 164 Road Trip 179 Forcing the Issue 181 Following the Money 189 Chapter IV. Creating a Killer: 204 Race, Gender, Class, and the Colorado National Guard Chapter V. “In the Islands, We Done Exactly the Same Thing”: The Spanish- 244 American-Filipino War, Strike Duty, and the Colorado National Guard The Philippines and Cuba 246 The 1903-04 Strikes Redux 249 Manhood, the Spanish-American-Filipino War, and the Court of Inquiry 252 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter VI. The Road to Ludlow 280 Conclusion 332 Bibliography 343 Vita 358 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have received more help than can be adequately acknowledged here. Cindy Hahamovitch advised this dissertation after suggesting the topic when I wandered into her office wondering what to write about. Her support of this project never flagged, and although I sometimes fought her suggestions, I now realize that I was truly fortunate to have her think about this project with me. Cindy’s comments on every chapter were always incisive and her advice was always sound. She also knew how to organize my chapters far better than I did. Cindy has been incredibly patient, and along the way, she taught me a great deal about teaching and about how the academy works—and doesn’t work. Her commitment to the living wage campaign for campus workers at William and Mary demonstrated how to be both a serious scholar and an advocate for social and economic justice. Above all, Cindy is an ideal model for how to be a scholar and teacher. My second reader, Leisa Meyer, was enthusiastic about this project from the start. Her attention to the subtleties of language and her advice to pay close attention to the history of the National Guards made this a better dissertation. Leisa’s generosity—with her time and her cigarettes—and ability to explain the struggles of ordinary people in the past, and graduate students in the present, have made it a pleasure to work with her. My other readers also provided fresh insights for analyzing my research. Scott Nelson offered new ways to think about the mine operators’ strategy for strikebreaking, and Judy Ewell pointed out sources of racial and ethnic tension in Colorado that I neglected. Thanks to David Montgomery for reading and commenting on this dissertation. I deeply appreciate his willingness to stick with this project, and his comments and encouragement will undoubtedly help me as I revise the manuscript. Researching this dissertation took me to archives and libraries all over the country. The Charles Redd Center for Western Studies at Brigham Young University provided a generous grant that allowed me to make an extended research trip to Colorado. The College of William and Mary also provided financial support for the research I conducted in New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington, D.C. I was fortunate to find knowledgeable and amiable archivists in all these far-flung places. At the Denver Public Library, Lisa Backman and Brian Kenny expertly guided me through the library’s Western History Collection. At the Colorado State Archives, Erin McDanal, Jason Chipman, and George Orlowski worked hard to find various National Guard sources. Erin McDanal also asked the state archivist to reduce the archive’s $1.50 per page photocopying charge when she realized that my bill was going to bankrupt me! David Hays at the Norlin Library of the University of Colorado, Boulder was a font of information on Colorado mining history, and he was generous with his time and knowledge of the library’s collection. Tom Rosenbaum at the Rockefeller Archive v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Center in Sleepy Hollow, New York put in overtime helping me track down elusive sources. Many thanks to John Lawrence and the interlibrary loan staff at William and Mary and Susan Connell Derryberry in the interlibrary loan department at Stetson University for granting my every request. In Williamsburg, I was lucky to have a group of fellow travelers who were serious historians, good cooks, and great friends. For creating a community of rigorous intellectual inquiry, and for being ever-willing to escape from it, thanks to: Tim Barnard, John Coombs, Rob Galgano, Brian Geiger, Wendy Gonaver, Kelly Gray, Amy Howard, Phil Levy, Jennifer Luff, Paul Moyer, Jennifer Petrafesa-McLaughlin, Rob Nelson, Andy Schocket, James Spady, and Ericka Thoms. I wrote this dissertation in DeLand, Florida, where I found a wonderful group of friends among the alligators, lizards, tornadoes, and hurricanes. Thanks to Maria Alvarez, Mario Aldana, Cathy Burke, Paul Jerome Croce, Harold Dansberger, Mark Long, Eric Perramond, Hari Pulapaka, Dom Rodi, Jan Rodi, and Nancy Vosburg for their friendship and encouragement. Tim, Wendy, Kelly, James, Maria, Paul, and Mark also read and provided valuable comments on portions of this dissertation. My sister, Susan, and her husband, Cliff, offered much-needed encouragement, and my niece and nephew, Amanda and Bryan, provided hours of holiday amusement that helped me temporarily escape from the Colorado National Guard. Thanks as well to Harry and Leanore Mieras for their support and interest in what I was doing. Emily Mieras has been with me through every phase of this project. She was always willing to discuss strikebreaking, the state, and the nature of ethnic and racial conflict, and her own considerable knowledge of the Progressive Era United States helped me clarify the ideas and arguments in this dissertation. Emily took valuable time away from her own manuscript and teaching to read these chapters multiple times. Her reading sometimes led to complex diagrams that showed me what my argument really was, and she generated countless comments and suggestions for making this a better dissertation. Emily, however, has done much, much more to make my life better. Her love, support, wisdom, patience, grace, and willingness to be my companion in all things make everything else possible. My parents, Anthony and Angela DeStefanis, along with my maternal grandmother, Velia Tranghese, and my uncle, Felix Tranghese, encouraged me to think critically about the past and the world around me. To their great credit, my parents always let me follow my own path, and while they never tired of asking when this dissertation would be done, I still could not have completed it without them. For their love and unending support, I dedicate this dissertation to them. vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the cultural politics of military strikebreaking. By focusing on the contest between striking southern and eastern European and Mexican immigrant coal miners and their employers during the 1913-14 coal strike in southern Colorado, the dissertation demonstrates how the intersection of politics with issues of race, class, gender, and ethnicity shaped the miners’ rebellion and the state and corporate responses to it. The Colorado National Guard was an integral part of how the state and capital reacted to the strike, and makes an ideal focus for this
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Governing Body 323Rd Session, Geneva, 12–27 March 2015 GB.323/INS/5/Appendix III
    INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE Governing Body 323rd Session, Geneva, 12–27 March 2015 GB.323/INS/5/Appendix III Institutional Section INS Date: 13 March 2015 Original: English FIFTH ITEM ON THE AGENDA The Standards Initiative – Appendix III Background document for the Tripartite Meeting on the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87), in relation to the right to strike and the modalities and practices of strike action at national level (revised) (Geneva, 23–25 February 2015) Contents Page Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Decision on the fifth item on the agenda: The standards initiative: Follow-up to the 2012 ILC Committee on the Application of Standards .................. 1 Part I. ILO Convention No. 87 and the right to strike ..................................................................... 3 I. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 3 II. The Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87) ......................................................................... 3 II.1. Negotiating history prior to the adoption of the Convention ........................... 3 II.2. Related developments after the adoption of the Convention ........................... 5 III. Supervision of obligations arising under or relating to Conventions ........................
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Honor among Thieves: Horse Stealing, State-Building, and Culture in Lincoln County, Nebraska, 1860 - 1890 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h33n2hw Author Luckett, Matthew S Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Honor among Thieves: Horse Stealing, State-Building, and Culture in Lincoln County, Nebraska, 1860 – 1890 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Matthew S Luckett 2014 © Copyright by Matthew S Luckett 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Honor among Thieves: Horse Stealing, State-Building, and Culture in Lincoln County, Nebraska, 1860 – 1890 by Matthew S Luckett Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Stephen A. Aron, Chair This dissertation explores the social, cultural, and economic history of horse stealing among both American Indians and Euro Americans in Lincoln County, Nebraska from 1860 to 1890. It shows how American Indians and Euro-Americans stole from one another during the Plains Indian Wars and explains how a culture of theft prevailed throughout the region until the late-1870s. But as homesteaders flooded into Lincoln County during the 1870s and 1880s, they demanded that the state help protect their private property. These demands encouraged state building efforts in the region, which in turn drove horse stealing – and the thieves themselves – underground. However, when newspapers and local leaders questioned the efficacy of these efforts, citizens took extralegal steps to secure private property and augment, or subvert, the law.
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT of INDIANA SOUTH BEND DIVISION in Re FEDEX GROUND PACKAGE SYSTEM, INC., EMPLOYMEN
    USDC IN/ND case 3:05-md-00527-RLM-MGG document 3279 filed 03/22/19 page 1 of 354 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA SOUTH BEND DIVISION ) Case No. 3:05-MD-527 RLM In re FEDEX GROUND PACKAGE ) (MDL 1700) SYSTEM, INC., EMPLOYMENT ) PRACTICES LITIGATION ) ) ) THIS DOCUMENT RELATES TO: ) ) Carlene Craig, et. al. v. FedEx Case No. 3:05-cv-530 RLM ) Ground Package Systems, Inc., ) ) PROPOSED FINAL APPROVAL ORDER This matter came before the Court for hearing on March 11, 2019, to consider final approval of the proposed ERISA Class Action Settlement reached by and between Plaintiffs Leo Rittenhouse, Jeff Bramlage, Lawrence Liable, Kent Whistler, Mike Moore, Keith Berry, Matthew Cook, Heidi Law, Sylvia O’Brien, Neal Bergkamp, and Dominic Lupo1 (collectively, “the Named Plaintiffs”), on behalf of themselves and the Certified Class, and Defendant FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. (“FXG”) (collectively, “the Parties”), the terms of which Settlement are set forth in the Class Action Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) attached as Exhibit A to the Joint Declaration of Co-Lead Counsel in support of Preliminary Approval of the Kansas Class Action 1 Carlene Craig withdrew as a Named Plaintiff on November 29, 2006. See MDL Doc. No. 409. Named Plaintiffs Ronald Perry and Alan Pacheco are not movants for final approval and filed an objection [MDL Doc. Nos. 3251/3261]. USDC IN/ND case 3:05-md-00527-RLM-MGG document 3279 filed 03/22/19 page 2 of 354 Settlement [MDL Doc. No. 3154-1]. Also before the Court is ERISA Plaintiffs’ Unopposed Motion for Attorney’s Fees and for Payment of Service Awards to the Named Plaintiffs, filed with the Court on October 19, 2018 [MDL Doc.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form 1
    NFS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-OO18 (3-82) Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For NFS use only National Register of Historic Places received MAY | 5 date entered \\\\ | Q Inventory—Nomination Form I <J See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries—complete applicable sections_______________ 1. Name historic Ludlow Tent Colony Site and or common Ludlow Monument 2. Location Junction of Del Aqua Canyon Road and Colorrdo and street & number Southern Railroad tracks 1/JL not for publication city, town Ludlow n' a vicinity of state Colorado code Oo county Las Animas code 071 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public occupied agriculture museum YY ^_ building(si) AA private XX unoccupied commercial park yy structure both work in progress educational private residence AA site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object n/a in process vy yes: restricted government scientific n/a being considered ._ yes: unrestricted industrial .^ transportation no military 10T othcr. Monument 4. Owner of Property name United Mine Workers of America c/o Jose Garcia, President District 15 UMWA street & number 6525 West 44th Avenue city, town Wheat Ridge n/a vicinity of state Colorado 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Las 'Animas County Clerk and Recorder Trinidad street & number Trinidad Colorado city, town state 6. Representation in Existing Surveys "^Colorado Inventory nf rhetoric Sjtgs has this property been determined eligible? ——yes XX no date 1984 federal JQL state county local depository for survey records Colorado Historical Society, 1300 Broadway________ city, town Denver_____________________________________ state Colorado 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Worker (November 5, 1927).Pdf
    *;•••**. ,v •••' . V wmSh r— : y- -w One Union: One Label Official WeitewOitai OF^ THE One Enemy bimtM Widen «f the V«U 3E3E3EU VOL. IX NO. 44—WHOLE NO. 568) anssgrJars."* SEATTLE, WASH, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 6,1927 - . Hoodlums on Horseback Flee as 300 I. W. W. Cars Approach "OVER THE HILLS Conference Where Women Close Up Mines MINERS CLAMOR FOR MEMBERSHIP AND FAR AWAY," CARDS IN I. W. W.; CALL SENT OUT IS MINE GUARDS Called at FOR ACTIVE WOBS TO AID WORKERS SLOGAN AT IDEAL, State House Strike Now Going on in Colorado Mine Fields is Unparalelled i In History of State, in Spirit and Wide-Spread Solidarity; Three Thousand Pickets Close Mine Walsenburg, Colo., November, Meetings of 3,000 and 4,000 People are ComrtTon Occurrences; Where Fifty Armed Guards on 1.—(By Special Wire)—Compa- More Help Needed. Horseback Trampled <»irl and Beat nies desperate, ready to sign up; up Men and Women. conference being held at Denver By BYRON C. KITTO at the State House. Picketing i By BYRON KITTO WALSENBURG, Cola—We arrived in Frederick Friday mornin* WALSENBJJRG. Colo., Oct. 30 discontinued in order to allow' about 9 a. m„ and by following the crowd we found the I. W. W. head* The Northern 'delegation of I. W. W. delegates to work unhampered; quarters. miners from the Boulder liirnite field by any technicality. As a whole j There were about 150 workers parked in the entrance ,all trying to of the north which swept through excellent situation with plenty get into the office at once.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Unionization in the Workplace
    A MACKINAC CENTER REPORT THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES of Unionization in the Workplace CHRISTOPHER C. DOUGLAS, PH.D. The Mackinac Center for Public Policy is a nonpartisan research and educational institute dedicated to improving the quality of life for all Michigan citizens by promoting sound solutions to state and local policy questions. The Mackinac Center assists policymakers, scholars, businesspeople, the media and the public by providing objective analysis of Michigan issues. The goal of all Center reports, commentaries and educational programs is to equip Michigan citizens and other decision makers to better evaluate policy options. The Mackinac Center for Public Policy is broadening the debate on issues that have for many years been dominated by the belief that government intervention should be the standard solution. Center publications and programs, in contrast, offer an integrated and comprehensive approach that considers: All Institutions. The Center examines the important role of voluntary associations, communities, businesses and families, as well as government. All People. Mackinac Center research recognizes the diversity of Michigan citizens and treats them as individuals with unique backgrounds, circumstances and goals. All Disciplines. Center research incorporates the best understanding of economics, science, law, psychology, history and morality, moving beyond mechanical cost‑benefit analysis. All Times. Center research evaluates long-term consequences, not simply short-term impact. Committed to its independence, the Mackinac Center for Public Policy neither seeks nor accepts any government funding. The Center enjoys the support of foundations, individuals and businesses that share a concern for Michigan’s future and recognize the important role of sound ideas. The Center is a nonprofit, tax‑exempt organization under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
    [Show full text]
  • Frontier in Transition : a History of Southwestern Colorado
    BLM LIBRARY 88014165 FRONTIER IN TRANSITION PAUL M. ,6F(pURKE A ffifflSTCDISW ©IF c 3®aJTT[H]M[ES iriSISI (C©L©IBAID)® TODSLEMJ (Q)LP (OTLLCM^ffi)® CULTURAL RESOURCES SERIES DUMBER TEN Bureau of Land Management Library g. 50, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 8G225 FRONTIER IN TRANSITION A HISTORY OF SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO by Paul M. O'Rourke BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT LIBRARY Denver, Colorado 88614165 Colorado State Office Bureau of Land Management U °fLandMana8ement 19eo LX B'dg. 50, Denver Feriorai r„ . 6nter Denver, CO 80225 COPIES OF THIS REPORT ARE AVAILABLE FROM: BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT COLORADO STATE OFFICE RM. 700, COLORADO STATE BANK BUILDING 1600 BROADWAY DENVER, COLORADO 80202 FOREWORD This study represents the tenth volume in a series of cultural resource studies. It was prepared as part of the Bureau of Land Management's Cultural Resource Manage- ment Program and is the second complete history of a BLM district in Colorado. A major objective of the Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior, is the identification, evaluation and protection of the nation's historic heritage and values, particularly those under the management of the Bureau. The history of Southwestern Colorado is designed to provide a baseline narrative for Cultural Resource Management. Paul M. O'Rourke has written a new history of the southwest corner of Colorado and in doing so, has provided a timely and original view of Colorado's heritage and history. This study will become part of the over-all history of Colorado as prepared by the Bureau and as other volumes dealing with Colorado history are written, they too will be made available to the general public.
    [Show full text]
  • Viva La Raza Index.Pdf
    VIVA LA RAZA: A HISTORY OF CHICANO IDENTITY & RESISTANCE Employees, called in sick or used vacation leave rather than cross the picket lines. These workers had the solidarity their union lacked. Index 5. In 1985, as a direct outgrowth of the SROC exposé of the reclassification system’s ingrained discrimination, WFSE won a landmark lawsuit that established comparable worth for state employees in Washington. Classi- fied Staff Association later became District 925 Service Employees, the feminist-inspired union for office workers. 6. Higher Education Personnel Board, State of Washington, “Hearing A America (ACWA) 112–113 Examiner’s Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law and Recommended De- Abortion rights 244, 250, 256, 264, American Center for International 267 Labor Solidarity 41 cision,” HEPB Nos. 648 and 683 (6 Mar. 1978), 12. Acosta, Josie 268 American Civil Liberties Union 7. Ibid., 12. Acuña, Rodolfo 51, 122 (ACLU) 234, 296 8. Ibid., 14. Acuña y Rossetti, Elisa 95 American Federation of Labor (AFL) AFL-CIO 40–41, 165; and United 98–99, 109, 114, 121, 132, 133– Farm Workers 158, 161, 162–163, 134 208 American GI Forum 66, 124, 245 African American movement: American Indian Movement (AIM) activism at University of Washing- 267 ton 310; civil rights struggle 75– American Institute for Free Labor 76, 181; nationalism/separatism in Development 41 41, 74–76, 186, 189–190 American Labor Union 140 African Americans 37, 38, 65, 85, Anaya, Flores 215 90, 126, 208; nature of oppression Anderson, Benedict 30 75 Angel, Frank 226 Agricultural Labor Relations Act Anti-immigrant attacks 120, 121– (ALRA) 165–167, 169, 304 123, 163–165 Agricultural Workers Industrial Anti-Semitism 77–78, 174 League (AWIL) 139–140 Anzaldúa, Gloria 252, 273, 279 AIDS 67, 273, 278 Aragón, Paula 109 Alaniz, Ninfa Vasquez 289, 290– Archuleta, Manuel 226 292.
    [Show full text]
  • Banquet Dance
    DAILY WORKER. NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 1934 Page Three General Strike Negro Will Play GreatRole in South Bend Manv Here Communist Party Looms inßutte; Coming Struggle American Labor Car Strike For Furriers 36 Unions Vote of In 3rd Week Conference Prepares For Fall Harry Haywood Tells of LSNR Leader Recounts W orkers Out in Great Conditions of the Struggles for Equal Picket Lar Barns for To Open Tomorrow at FaH* ress and Anaconda. Negro Workers Rights in Country Wage Increases; Score Irving: Plaza Hall Cong Elections Montana Press By J. M. right of the Negroes to any job on Capitalist in New York BUTTE. Mont., June 19 fF.P.).— “T'HE cominsr jrreat steel the building. The city bosses mo- Pittsburgh Nominates Uarreathers; Boston Lavs A general bilized hundreds of poiice—but as a SOUTH BEND. Ind., June 20. NEW YORK—AII Important strike on behalf of the * 5,000 miners, engineers and allied strike—which has been result of the demonstration a num- The strike of 130 street car. bus. and I Plans for Mass Campaign interurban is continuing; cities will be represented at the Na- crafts who have been striking ber of Negroes got jobs on the men in merely pstponed, not strong. The tional Furriers’ Conference, which Butte since May 8 seems imminent High School. morale of the strikers, who are opens evening. Pa., Juris 20.—Many e» a result of smashed—will find in its L.S.N.R. Fights Chi Jim-Crow demanding 50 cents an Friday June 22, at PITTSBT*RGH. special problems the decision of del- week, egates representing 36 local unions “The League of Struggle for Ne- hour and a 48-hour is good Irving Plaza Hall.
    [Show full text]
  • For All the People
    Praise for For All the People John Curl has been around the block when it comes to knowing work- ers’ cooperatives. He has been a worker owner. He has argued theory and practice, inside the firms where his labor counts for something more than token control and within the determined, but still small uni- verse where labor rents capital, using it as it sees fit and profitable. So his book, For All the People: The Hidden History of Cooperation, Cooperative Movements, and Communalism in America, reached expectant hands, and an open mind when it arrived in Asheville, NC. Am I disappointed? No, not in the least. Curl blends the three strands of his historical narrative with aplomb, he has, after all, been researching, writing, revising, and editing the text for a spell. Further, I am certain he has been responding to editors and publishers asking this or that. He may have tired, but he did not give up, much inspired, I am certain, by the determination of the women and men he brings to life. Each of his subtitles could have been a book, and has been written about by authors with as many points of ideological view as their titles. Curl sticks pretty close to the narrative line written by worker own- ers, no matter if they came to work every day with a socialist, laborist, anti-Marxist grudge or not. Often in the past, as with today’s worker owners, their firm fails, a dream to manage capital kaput. Yet today, as yesterday, the democratic ideals of hundreds of worker owners support vibrantly profitable businesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering Ludlow but Forgetting the Columbine: the 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike
    Remembering Ludlow but Forgetting the Columbine: The 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike By Leigh Campbell-Hale B.A., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 1977 M.A., University of Colorado, Boulder, 2005 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado and Committee Members: Phoebe S.K. Young Thomas G. Andrews Mark Pittenger Lee Chambers Ahmed White In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History 2013 This thesis entitled: Remembering Ludlow but Forgetting the Columbine: The 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike written by Leigh Campbell-Hale has been approved for the Department of History Phoebe S.K. Young Thomas Andrews Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. ii Campbell-Hale, Leigh (Ph.D, History) Remembering Ludlow but Forgetting the Columbine: The 1927-1928 Colorado Coal Strike Dissertation directed by Associate Professor Phoebe S.K. Young This dissertation examines the causes, context, and legacies of the 1927-1928 Colorado coal strike in relationship to the history of labor organizing and coalmining in both Colorado and the United States. While historians have written prolifically about the Ludlow Massacre, which took place during the 1913- 1914 Colorado coal strike led by the United Mine Workers of America, there has been a curious lack of attention to the Columbine Massacre that occurred not far away within the 1927-1928 Colorado coal strike, led by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
    [Show full text]
  • Haymarket Riot (Chicago: Alexander J
    NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NFS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 HAYMARKET MARTYRS1 MONUMENT Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service______________________________________________National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Haymarket Martyrs' Monument Other Name/Site Number: 2. LOCATION Street & Number: 863 South Des Plaines Avenue Not for publication: City/Town: Forest Park Vicinity: State: IL County: Cook Code: 031 Zip Code: 60130 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): Public-Local: _ District: Public-State: _ Site: Public-Federal: Structure: Object: Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing ___ buildings ___ sites ___ structures 1 ___ objects 1 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register:_Q_ Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: Designated a NATIONAL HISTrjPT LANDMARK on by the Secreury 01 j^ tai-M NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 HAYMARKET MARTYRS' MONUMENT Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National_P_ark Service___________________________________National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this __ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria.
    [Show full text]