DOCSLIB.ORG

Magazine1-4 Final.Qxd (Page 2)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

A complete family ...Page 4 SUNDAY, OCTOBER 21, 2018 INTERNET EDITION : www.dailyexcelsior.com/magazine Overcome the ...Page 3 Tribute to the Empire Builder JP Singh In 1813, Ranjit Singh was particularly impressed by Gulab Maharaja rewarded Gulab Singh with additional Jagirs. 1840. Reviving old Ladakhi claim to Tibet's Western dis- Maharaja Gulab Singh was born on 21 October Singh's performance in an otherwise disastrous campaign In 1820, Maharaja sent Gulab Singh on other cam- tricts, Gen Zorawar Singh, in May 1841, entered Tibet and against Afghan occupied Kashmir and rewarded him with paigns when he seized Rajouri and Bhimber. In 1821, he swiftly captured Rudok and Gartok. Encouraged by easy 1792 at Andarwah, the estate of his father Mian Jagirs and promoted him to command a unit of 200 horse- captured the strong fort of Basohli. Same year he captured successes, the Dogra General continued to advance and Kishore Singh. He was descendent from one of men. Kishtwar by engineering dissension between Raja Tegh succeeded in capturing strategic town of Taklakot thus cut- the famous Dogra clan which had inhabited In 1818, Gulab Singh took part in the invasion Singh and his Wazir Lakhpat Raj by writing an incrim- ting off the trade route between Tibet and British protec- of Multan. During the siege of Multan Fort, inating letter addressed to Wazir but made to torate of Bashahr and placed a Dogra contingent at a site Jammu area during the decline of Mughal he volunteered to rescue the body of land in Raja's hands. The Raja ordered cap- opposite the Company held office of Almora. Seeing this, rule in the 18th century. Maharaja's favorite commander ture of Wazir who nevertheless escaped. British forced Maharaja Sher Singh to order withdrawal who had fallen below the wall Taking advantage, Gulab Singh from Tibet. But before Raja Gulab Singh could make con- He received no formal education but was brought up as and despite heavy enemy fir- entered Kishtwar, arrested the Raja tact with Gen Zorawar Singh, the military situation in Tibet a warrior. At an early age, he became an accomplished ing brought it to safety and occupied the state. Wazir underwent a drastic change. Early in November, Lhasa horseman and proficient in the use of sword and gun. His which the Maharaja laud- Lakhpat Raj later joined the serv- sent an army of 10,000 to drive the Dogras from Tibet. elders inculcated in him a yearning to reassert the power ed publically in his ices of Dogra leader. After initial skirmishes the adversaries met on 10th of Dogra Clan lost to Sikhs. Court. Coronation December and began the fierce three days battle on the While Gulab Singh was still a youth, political scene in In 1819, he sought Maharaja Ranjit Singh shores of Mansarowar, Northeast of Taklakot. On 12th Punjab underwent a radical change which was to signifi- Maharaja's permis- was so elated by Gulab December 1841, Gen Zorawar Singh was fatally wounded cantly affect the entire Northwest. With Ahmed Shah sion to crush Jam- Singh's territorial acquisi- in the shoulder. The Dogras avenged their commander's Abdali's death in 1773, Afghan power began to decline giv- mu uprising led by tions that he anointed him death by slaying the Chinese commander. Dogra Gener- ing opportunities to Sikh Misls to rise in Punjab. The ambi- Mian Dido. Mian as Raja of Jammu on 17 al's death determined the outcome of the battle. Bereft of tious chief of one of the Misl, Sardar Mahan Singh attacked Dido moved the will to fight, survivors hurriedly dispersed to save Jammu during the reign of Ranjit Dev but failed. He again June 1822 at a place in around the coun- Akhnoor called Jeo Pota themselves. attacked during the rule of Brij Dev Raj and occupied Jam- try side with a Diplomatic Masterstroke mu but decided not to annex it. It was at this point of time by personally applying gang of his fol- When the Sikh army was finally routed in the Anglo- when Gulab Singh's grandfather Mian Zorawar Singh and the Raj Tilak in a color- lowers, bidding Sikh war in 1846, Raja Gulab Singh as prime minister of father Mian Kishore Singh managed to secure small estates ful ceremony. There- open defiance to Sikh empire, negotiated with the British and signed the of Dyman and Andarwah. The end of the eighteenth cen- after Raja Gulab Singh Sikh Ruler, rob- 'Treaty of Lahore' in which he secured most honorable tury saw the emergence of Mahan Singh's son Ranjit Singh was allowed to spend bing the wealthy terms for the defeated Darbar. In recognition of his auda- who destroyed all other Misls and declared himself the most of his time at Jam- and distributing Ruler of Punjab. Contemplating further territorial expan- mu governing Jagirs of cious leadership and superb diplomacy, Lord Hardinge, to destitute. He sion, Ranjit Singh attacked Jammu in 1808. Gulab Singh, his family and under- the Governor General of India, extended his rule to entire came to be known only 16, leaped into fray with fiery zeal and brandished his taking new expeditions J&K and elevated him to the status of Maharaja on 15th as Robin Hood of sword brilliantly in the battle of Gumat which forced Sikhs into adjoining areas. March 1846. By the 'Treaty of Amritsar' signed on 16 March Jammu Hills. to negotiate the end of war. Despite individual bravery of In 1830s, Gulab Singh 1846, he got control of Kashmir for which he paid Rs 75 Wherever Mian young Dogras like him and Mian Dido, Jammu was defeat- was given the responsibil- lakh and became sovereign ruler of J&K. ed and became part of Sikh Kingdom as Jagir of Prince Dido went people ity of administering Gulab Singh's rise to prominence is attributed to four Kharak Singh. But the Sikh Commander Sardar Hukam used to offer him Gujarat and salt mines of salient features. (i) He was able, assiduous and robust, the Singh spotted Gulab Singh and brought his valour to the food and shelter. Pind Dadan Khan near qualities which earned him Maharaja's admiration. (ii) attention of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Therefore wily Gulab Jhelum. In 1836, Gulab Singh Generally soft spoken, gracious and affable, he could, if the Defeat of Dogras shattered Gulab Singh's aspirations. Singh impersonated as suppressed the rebellion of occasion demanded, transform himself into a cold blood- He left home in search of new avenue elsewhere. He went Dido and went around. Yusufzai Tribemen near Haz- ed schemer and savage tormentor. (iii) In his phenomenal Those who came forward to Peshawar where Shah Shuja, the deposed Afghanistan ara. (Pak Nobel Laureate Malala rise, he had tremendous support of his brothers Dhian to welcome him were pun- king, was raising an army attempting to regain his rule. Yusufzai belongs to this tribe). In Singh and Suchet Singh, who through their political acu- ished as a result people Despite an opportunity, he changed mind and returned 1837, Gulab Singh marched to men had acquired remarkable strength and patronage at refused to welcome Mian Dido home and went on to serve under the Raja of Kishtwar. On Poonch against Shamas-ud-Din Khan, Lahore Darbar. (iv) Lavish rewards for his services because either because he could be an the recommendations of Sardar Hukam Singh, Maharaja the man he had nominated to manage Sikh ruler was gratified by the degree Gulab Singh extend- impersonator or threat to their safe- Ranjit Singh, in 1810, enrolled him as Cavalryman. Jagirs of Dhian Singh. In 1839, Maharaja sent ed the borders of Sikh empire. ty. Bereft of support, Mian Dido returned Gulab Singh to Peshawar to assist his British Allies His Highness left for his heavenly abode on 30th August RISE OF DOGRAS IN LAHORE to his hometown Jagti. When Sikh troops sur- to cross the Khyber Pass during 1st Anglo-Afghan War. 1858 from Srinagar at the age of 66 having created a vast Gulab Singh stood out as a remarkable horseman and rounded his home, Dido escaped but his 90 years old father earned Maharaja's acclamation. Later he and his brothers Mian Hazari valiantly appeared with his sword but got Conquests of Ladakh, Gilgit and Tibet state of J&K. He is one of the few historical legacies that Dhian Singh and Suchet Singh acquired influential posi- killed in the fight. However Sikh soldiers caught up with The ambition to add new territories was certainly the India can be genuinely proud of. By extending borders too tions through their innate ability and high ambitions Mian atop Trikuta Hill. Gulab Singh was eager to take him factor behind Jammu Raja's decision to conquer Ladakh. far to the Northwest, he provided ample strategic depth to allegedly combined with a calculated use of intrigues and alive and hence gave Mian chance to surrender. Mian not Capture of Leh was to give control over important route the Capital of India. His contributions to the broad spec- ruthlessness. The alleged latter traits were abundantly only refused but struck Attar Singh at head with his sword between Tibet and Kashmir over which passed the lucra- trum of India's strategic, political and cultural spheres are exhibited by Gulab Singh on several military expeditions with a lightening speed bisecting the entire body. At last tive Pashmina trade. Through his able Gen Zorawar Singh, immense and laudable. sent by Maharaja Ranjit Singh to extend his boundaries. one soldier shot the dauntless Mian to death. On this he captured Ladakh in 1834-35 and Gilgit-Baltistan in J&K SHELTER HOMES Rajan Gandhi ger pocket money @ of Rs 30/- per inmate per month.
Recommended publications
  • I. Foundation of Jammu and Kashmir State

    I. Foundation of Jammu and Kashmir State

    I. Foundation of Jammu and Kashmir State The State of Jammu and Kashmir known for its extravagant natural beauty is the northernmost State of the Indian Union. It can be aptly described by famous farsi; couplet of Hazrat Amir Khusrau which states: Agar firdaus bar roo-e zameen ast, Hameen ast – o hameen ast – o hameen ast. It means if there is a paradise on earth it is this, it is this, it is this. Jammu and Kashmir which occupies an extremely strategic position on the Indian frontiers, is the only State in the Indian Union with a Muslim majority. It shares international with Russia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and China. It is bounded on the south by Himachal Pradesh and the Punjab, on the north by Chinese Turkistan and a little of Russian Turkistan, and on the east by Chinese Tibet. On the west lies Pakistan and to the northwest, Afghanistan. Causes for the foundation -In 1846 Kashmir experienced a unique development with enduring consequences. The development was that three distinctive political, geographical and cultural entities i.e. Kashmir valley, Jammu and ladakh were merged into one political entity. At no stage in the history of the state, the three regions formed a single political entity. It was only Kashmir which claim the position of an empire and on the contrary Jammu & Ladakh were small states each under a local ruler or tributaries of powerful rulers emerged either in Kashmir or elsewhere in neighborhood. On the eve of 1846, Kashmir, Jammu as well as Ladakh were under the control of Lahore Darbar.
  • British Views on Their Invasion of Punjab

    British Views on Their Invasion of Punjab

    THE RETRIBUTION Of THE ARCHIVE: BRITISH VIEWS ON THEIR INVASION OF PUNJAB Jason R. B. Smith HE event known as “The Sikh War,” “The First and Second Silth TWars,” and “The Anglo-Such War,” received considerable attention from former British officers in the aftermath ofthe episode. From 1845 to 1849 the British invaded and reinvaded Punjab, an area in modern northwestern India and north Pakistan whose name literally translates as “Five Rivers,” for the five rivers the territory resides within. Histories written by British administrators and former British soldiers explained the military conquest ofthe Punjab as a decidedly just annexation. These administrators and soldiers described a territory in chaos, to which they brought enlightened rule. In contrast, contemporary historians and scholars suggest that the British manufactured the conditions ofdisorder in the Punjab prior to bringing it stability. These latter historians make use of revealing documents that the former did not take into account, while the former concerned themselves mostly with a vivid account of a victorious campaign against an aggressive enemy. British acting- historians immediately following the military subjugation of Punjab inaccurately represented the violence they brought to the region as a heroic and justified military engagement, whereas the Punjabi people defending their home received the part of barbaric but brave people urgently in need of western values and styles of government. British historiography from the period following the conquest does not stray far from the themes of chaos, instability and culpability. G. Kharana’s British Historiography ofthe Sikh Power in the Punjab serves as an excellent source of analysis on the nature of British historiography,’ Initially, as the British came into contact with Sikhs, they sought out all the knowledge they could get.
  • Anglo Sikh Wars

    Anglo Sikh Wars

    SUCCESSORS OF MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH ● Ranjit Singh was succeeded by his son Kharak Singh( 1801 - 1840). Dhian Singh continued to hold the post of Wazir. Kharak Singh was not an able ruler. ● Kharak Singh's son Noanihal Singh ( 1821 – 1840) was proclaimed the king of the Punjab and Dhian Singh as a Wazir. ● Sher Singh (1807- 1843) ● In September 1843, Dalip Singh, minor son of Ranjit Singh, became the king and Rani Jind Kaur as regent. ANGLO SIKH WARS One weak ruler after another came in succession. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1839 . His successors were unable to hold the vast Sikh kingdom for a long time. The British were able to conquer the empire in 1849 after the two Anglo-Sikh War. FIRST ANGLO SIKH WAR (1845 – 1846) The followin battles were fought between Sikh and British. :— (1) Battle of Mudki. (1845) the Sikh army was led by Lal Singh face large number of Britis army under Hugh Gough .The battle was fought at Mudki. British were victorious. (2) Battle of Ferozeshehar. (1845) The Sikh army was led by Lal Singh and Tej Singh face large number of Britis army under Hugh Gough .The battle was fought at Ferozeshehar. British were victorious 3) Battle of Baddowal (1846) Sikh army under Ranjodh Singh Majithia crossed the Sutlej and dashed towards Ludhiana. The English under Henry Smith suffered a setback at Baddowal and Sikh were victorious (4) Battle of Aliwal. (1846) English under Sir Henry Smith defeated the Sikh army under Ranjodh Singh in the battle of Aliwal.
  • MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH, COURT, and CULTURE: JRSP, Vol

    MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH, COURT, and CULTURE: JRSP, Vol

    MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH, COURT, AND CULTURE: JRSP, Vol. 58, No 2 (April-June 2021) Khola Cheema* Tohid Ahmad** MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH, COURT, AND CULTURE OF LAHORE DARBAR Abstract The study of the court and culture in Lahore Darbar under Maharaja Ranjit Singh is the primary purpose of this paper. Maharaja Ranjit Singh created an environment of peace and stability, resulting in the making of Lahore ‘center of cultural activities’. Another objective of this paper is to explore the significant developments in all domains of art and culture, and especially the impact of various religious traditions on the court and culture of Lahore Darbar. The overall development and new themes in Art, Painting, crafts, industries, luxury carpet waving, metalwork, astrological instruments, textile, vessel, gardens, and monuments are analyzed in this paper. A historical, analytical, and descriptive approach is adopted. Key Words: Ranjit Singh, Sikhs, Punjab, Court, Culture After becoming Maharaja of Punjab, Ranjit Singh provided an environment that permitted and encouraged the growth of the whole state’s cultural life. However, this aspect of his administration is not highlighted much because of his other essential and dominant characteristics. The most important thing in this respect was that Maharaja provided complete peace and harmony to the region from foreign invaders and eliminated internal chaos. That environment was essentially needed to encourage overall cultural activities, cultural development, and industrial growth in the region. Harmonious co-existence and patronage, provided by Maharaja to all communities and followers of every religion, took ‘Sikh art’ beyond the inflexible limitations. Hence Sikh Art & Culture can be seen as having much variety in its themes, inspirations, styles, methods, and techniques.
  • Susur Galur Sept 2013.Indb

    Susur Galur Sept 2013.Indb

    SUSURGALUR: Jurnal Kajian Sejarah & Pendidikan Sejarah, 1(2) September 2013 ALI MOHD PIR & AB RASHID SHIEKH Formation of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir: The Historical Perspectives ABSTRACT: The formation of the state of Jammu and Kashmir was unique as disparate territories stripped by the English East India Company from Sikh Kingdom of Punjab were brought together to form the state. The boundaries of the state were redrawn more for geo- political and administrative convenience rather than on a commonality shared by the people living there. Further, the heterogeneity of the state was the direct by-product of the military and diplomatic accomplishments of the founder of the Dogra dynasty, combined with the political acumen which completed the expansion of British power into northern India. This paper, however, attempts to discuss the historical background of the territories of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh; and the processes and procedures which were involved in cobbling together of these disparate territories by the English East India Company and Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu to bring into being the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. An attempt to highlight the polemic that followed the creation of this state is made to draw a conclusion regarding the handing over of Kashmir to Gulab Singh. The study attempts to examine the distinctive characteristics of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. KEY WORD: Princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, historical background, English East India Company, distinctive entities, and military and diplomatic accomplishments. IKHTISAR: Makalah ini berjudul “Pembentukan Negara Kerajaan Jammu dan Kashmir: Perspektif Sejarah”. Pembentukan negara bagian Jammu dan Kashmir adalah unik karena wilayah yang berbeda itu dilucuti oleh Perusahaan India Timur Inggris dari Kerajaan Sikh di Punjab untuk dibawa bersama dalam membentuk negara.
  • Who Is the Native of the Sarvasiddhāntatattvacūḍāmaṇi? Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma

    Who Is the Native of the Sarvasiddhāntatattvacūḍāmaṇi? Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma

    Document generated on 09/30/2021 3:07 p.m. History of Science in South Asia Who is the Native of the Sarvasiddhāntatattvacūḍāmaṇi? Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma Volume 9, 2021 Article abstract The British Library, London, holds a unique manuscript copy of a Sanskrit text URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1080249ar entitled Sarvasiddhāntatattvacūḍāmaṇi (MS London BL Or. 5259). This DOI: https://doi.org/10.18732/hssa57 manuscript, consisting of 304 large-size folios, is lavishly illustrated and richly illuminated. The author, Durgāśaṅkara Pāṭhaka of Benares, attempted in this See table of contents work to discuss all the systems of astronomy – Hindu, Islamic and European – around the nucleus of the horoscope of an individual personage. Strangely, without reading the manuscript, the authors Sudhākara Dvivedī in 1892, C. Publisher(s) Bendall in 1902 and J. P. Losty in 1982, declared that the horoscope presented in this work was that of Nau Nihal Singh, the grandson of Maharaja Ranjit University of Alberta Library Singh of Lahore, and this has been the prevailing notion since then. The present paper refutes this notion and shows – on the basis of the relevant ISSN passages from the manuscript – that the real native of the horoscope is Lehna Singh Majithia, a leading general of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. 2369-775X (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Sarma, S. (2021). Who is the Native of the Sarvasiddhāntatattvacūḍāmaṇi? History of Science in South Asia, 9, 167–208. https://doi.org/10.18732/hssa57 ©, 2021 Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online.
  • Famous Governors of Multan Under the Sikh Regime in Punjab

    Famous Governors of Multan Under the Sikh Regime in Punjab

    Review Article Ann Soc Sci Manage Stud Volume 2 Issue 2 - November 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Ahmad Ali DOI: 10.19080/ASM.2018.02.555584 Famous Governors of Multan Under the Sikh Regime in Punjab Ahmad Ali1*, Shahid Hasan Rizvi2, Khizar Hayat3 and Muhammad Akbar4 1Lecturer at Govt. Degree College Mailsi, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 2Chairman Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 3P.S.T. at G.P.S. Kotla Dilbar, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 4S.S.S. at G.H.S.S 53 M, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Submission: July 21, 2018; Published: November 05, 2018 *Corresponding author: Ahmad Ali, Lecturer at Govt. Degree College Mailsi and PhD Scholar, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Abstract Maharaja Ranjit Singh had numerous Hindu Officials and Courtiers at Lahore Durbar because he needed to utilize their services in civilian setup to grow and build his Kingdom. Undoubtedly, he required to inject the soul of rivalry, chastisement and proficiency in his various officials specifyingand courtiers that so some that ofhe these could were merge unfortunate his place and and would disappointed have the with capacity their topast enlarge services, his Realmso they without could get much any trouble.status, either By utilizing a General them, or ahe clerk, also onproved the ground the secular of legitimacy. scenario of Among his Empire. them, He,following according pioneers to his werenecessities, appointed fully the utilized Governors the competence in Multan ofwhom these played Hindu a Courtiers. vital role Itin will politics, be worth civil as well as military administration, economics, agriculture, irrigation and land revenue etc.
  • Sikhана20/C7на21/B10 for Further Sikh Painting on Ivory, See 03589 (IS)

    Sikhана20/C7на21/B10 for Further Sikh Painting on Ivory, See 03589 (IS)

    Sikh ­ 20/C7­ 21/B10 For further Sikh painting on ivory, see 03589 (IS) to 03608 (IS), fiche 56/G6­57/A11, and IS 142­1952 to IS 167­1954, fiche 57/E9­G10, in the Company Painting Other media: Painting on ivory section. 03534/1 (IS) ­ 20/C8 Sikh lancer in chain­mail on horseback Punjab Plains, c1840­1845 03534/2 (IS) ­ 20/C9 Sikh horseman Punjab Plains, c1840­1845 03534/3 (IS) ­ 20/C10 Sikh warrior with breast­plate on horseback Punjab Plains, c1840­1845 03534/4 (IS) ­ 20/C11 Sikh warrior in chain­mail on horseback Punjab Plains, c1840­1845 IM 2:33­1917 ­ 20/C12 Guru Nanak with followers and attendants Popular Sikh, Lahore or Amritsar, c1870 IM 2:51­1917 ­ 20/D1 Sikh Railway train Popular Sikh, Lahore or Amritsar, c1870 IM 56­1936 ­ 20/D2 Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780­1839) Punjab Plains, c1840 IM 57­1936 ­ 20/D3 Maharajah Kharak Singh (1802­1840) Punjab Plains, c1840 IM 58­1936 ­ 20/D4 Nau Nihal Singh (1821­1840) Punjab Plains, c1840 IM 59­1936 ­ 20/D5 Raja Dhian Singh (1796­1843) on horseback Punjab Plains, c1840 IM 60­1936 ­ 20/D6 Hira Singh (c1816­1844) Punjab Plains, c1840 IS 37­1949 ­ 20/D7 Maharaja Gulab Singh (1792­1857) of Jammu taking his bath prior to doing worship Punjab Plains, c1835 IS 479­1950 ­ 20/D8 Two Sikhs on horseback Punjab Plains, c1835 IS 480­1950 ­ 20/D9 Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780­1839) on horseback Punjab Plains, c1835­1840 IS 487­1950 ­ 20/D10 Two gentry Punjab Plains, c1840­1850 IS 488­1950 ­ 20/D11 Two Sikh cultivators Sikh, 19 th century IS 489­1950 ­ 20/D12 Two Sikh Akalis Punjab Plains, c1840­1850 IS 189­1951
  • Jasrota Fort

    Jasrota Fort

    ENTERTAINMENT z Saturday z October 31, 2020 5 Pristine Glory of Jammu Jasrota Fort Baked Mushroom & Spinach Ingredients 250 gm mushroom, 250 gm cheese cubes 4 tablespoon butter, salt as required 2 tablespoon all purpose flour Mian Mukund Dev of Jasrota, ca (1720–1770) Jasrota Fort 1 cup boiled,pureed spinach 3 finely chopped onion asrota was one of ten states founded by members of the Jammu ruling family. They tories) in order better to protect Jasrota from Sikh incursions. black pepper as required, were all tributaries to the Raja of Jammu. It was probably the first of those to be estab- Sikh empire 1 cup milk Jlished, although its origin is disputed. Some sources say that it was founded by Raja The last member of the Dev dynasty to rule Jasrota independently was Randhir Singh, who 1 tablespoon grated nutmeg Jas Dev of Jammu (c. 1020-1053) and given to his brother, Karan Dev. Others say that Karan reigned from 1805 to 1820 and had to acknowledge Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Method: Dev was a son of Bhujdev, a ruler of Jammu, and that the state came into existence in either Empire, as his superior. Although Randhir Singh's brother, Bhuri Singh, was nominally recog- To prepare this easy, wash the mushrooms and spinach. the 12th or early 13th century, when Karan Dev's military prowess enabled him to win over nised as his successor, Ranjit Singh annexed the territory in 1834 and converted it into a jagir Next, cut thick slices of mushrooms. First, make the mush- the jagirdars and landlords of the area; in this latter interpretation, Jas Dev was Karan Dev's that was gifted to Hira Singh, a son of Dhian Singh, the Dogra Prime Minister of Lahore, who room and spinach stir fry.
  • Use of Theses

    Use of Theses

    Australian National University THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: [email protected] CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. RETURN TO EMPIRE : THE SIKHS AND THE BRITISH IN THE PUNJAB, 183 9-1872 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ANDREW J. MAJOR The Australian National University, Canberra December 1981 ii DECLARATION This thesis is my own original work ANDREW J. MAJOR CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii ABBREVIATIONS viii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES xi MAPS xiii INTRODUCTION xvii CHAPTER ONE THE FRONTIER SOCIETY 1 Introduction 1 Region and subregion 3 Economic demography 5 Social organisation 11 Status and power 15 Residence and economic activity 25 Conclusion 30 CHAPTER TWO THE SIKH KINGDOM 31 Introduction 31 From misls to monarchy 32 The structure of Sikh government 40 Ranjit Singh and the chieftains 61 Conclusion 70 CHAPTER THREE THE COLLAPSE OF MONARCHICAL AUTHORITY, 1839-46 72 Introduction 72 The three crises of succession 74 A disrupted countryside 91 The first Anglo-Sikh war 98 Conclusion 114 CHAPTER FOUR THE BRITISH TAKEOVER'3 1846-49 124 Introduction 124 Informal control tested 130 Informal control extended 139 The supersession of the Sikhs 152 The general crisis of authority 162 Conclusion 179
  • Anglo-Sikh Wars and Its Consequences in the Punjab: A

    Anglo-Sikh Wars and Its Consequences in the Punjab: A

    Research & Reviews: Journal of Social Sciences Anglo-Sikh Wars and its Consequences in the Punjab: A Case Study of Lahore and Multan Ahmad Ali*, Mazher Hussain, Khizar Hayat and Muhammad Akbar Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Review Article Received date: 24/06/2018; ABSTRACT Accepted date: 28/08/2018; Maharaja Sikh Monarchy in the Punjab, which strained form Published date: 04/09/2018 river Sutlej to Khyber Pass. He had reigned Ranjit Singh recognized a great the Punjab for forty years which remained the *For Correspondence: unique phase of the Sikh political attainment. His rule, by all Ahmad Ali, Department of History, The Islamia morals, was impartial, humanitarian and lenient towards all University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Tel: societies. He certainly not found it essential to punish even a +9250243 9250241; single individual to decease, not even those who bid to assassinate him. His empire was never a hereditary because he E-mail: [email protected] was the ruler of one of the federations. He had exclusive credit for Keywords: Ranjit singh, Mudki, Sobraon, deporting the Afghans and the Mughals from the regions under Mulraj, Treaty of Lahore and Sutlej, British the Sikh domain. He clarified that he was one of the Sikhs and did not call him the Maharaja. He should only to be called Singh Sahib. These were all the components of the Sikh state. However, he did not work a lot in making the Sikh state as his successional realm and bring the Sikh at the top of state management. He deceased in Lahore on June 27, 1839, after a simple attack of paralysis.
  • Page6.Qxd (Page 1)

    Page6.Qxd (Page 1)

    SUNDAY, DECEMBER 29, 2019 DAILY EXCELSIOR, JAMMU daily Excelsior Established 1965 The story of Raja Gulab Singh Founder Editor S.D. Rohmetra Prof. Suresh Chander The Katoch Chief viewed the proposal with thrown in 1819. Around 1822, Poonch Jagir was Singh. Raja Dhian Singh himself seems to have abhorrence. In those days, a Raja's daughter given to Raja Dhian Sngh. controlled the entire track between Chenab and he story of Gulab Singh and his brothers could marry only a hereditary Raja or his off- The last ruling Raja of Bhimber including Jhelum. Surge in mental disorders is very fascinating. Their achievements of spring. He could not have refused Ranjit Singh. Naushera, Sultan Khan, made a brave resistance Dhian Singh and Hira Singh resided mostly Textending their hold on small jagirs, Afraid of his wreath Anirudh took his family and against Sikhs in 1810-12 but was overpowered at the Sikh Court. ilaqqas etc. is the subject of another article. There ental disorders and diseases are continu- all his belongings and fled into British territory and imprisoned for seven years in Lahore. He Thus most of present-day Jammu was under were many: Mankot, Jasrota, Lakhanpur, Sam- across Satluj. He preferred to sacrifice his king- was set at liberty to assist Raja Ranjit Singh in Maharaja Ranjit Singh till his death. However, ously on the rise in the country and if data ba, Bhau (not to be confused with Bahu), Bhoti dom rather compromise with the traditions. the invasion of Kashmir in 1819. He was after- the state was managed by three brothers on his Mand the requisite figures compiled by pro- to name only the major States at that time.