Martinson Dissertation.3

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Martinson Dissertation.3 Ecological and Evolutionary Relationships between Bees and their Bacterial Gut Microbiota Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Martinson, Vincent G. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 12:57:33 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223362 ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BEES AND THEIR BACTERIAL GUT MICROBIOTA by Vincent G. Martinson _____________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN INSECT SCIENCE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2012 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Vincent G. Martinson entitled ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BEES AND THEIR BACTERIAL GUT MICROBIOTA and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 03/08/12 Nancy A. Moran _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 03/08/12 Howard Ochman _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 03/08/12 Michael J. Sanderson _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 03/08/12 Diana E. Wheeler _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 03/08/12 Noah K. Whiteman Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: 03/08/12 Dissertation Director: Nancy A. Moran 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: _______________________________ Vincent G. Martinson 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Nancy Moran is an excellent scientist and advisor that has an unparalleled enthusiasm for science. I thank Nancy for giving me the opportunity to help develop a new research program within her lab. Not only did she provide her expert advise on the direction of my research and presenting my work, but generously provided resources that allowed this work to happen. Thank you to Mike Sanderson, Diana Wheeler, and Noah Whiteman for contributing their time to be on my dissertation committee, and providing helpful feedback. I have learned much from Howard Ochman through classes, lab meetings, and as a committee member, and thank him for his honest discussions. I thank Molly Hunter for filling in at my oral examination and for her interest in my research. The Moran and Ochman lab members (Nicole Gerardo, Mark van Passel, John Stavrinides, Pradeep Reddi Marri, Hema Narra, Renyi Liu, Chi-Horng Kuo, Baoyu Tian, Kerry Oliver, Eva Nováková, John McCutcheon, Allison Hansen, Rahul Raghavan, Zakee Sabree, Philipp Engel, Walden Kwong, Patrick Degnan, Kevin Vogel, and Gaelen Burke) have been greatly influential in my scientific development. Thank you to the many lab technicians that have given me support over the years (Helen Dunbar, Heather McLaughlin, Tyler Jarvik, Eli Powell, and Kim Hammond). Especially Kim and Eli for wrangling irritable bee colonies and keeping the rest of the colonies happy. Thank you to the members of the Carl Hayden Bee Research Center (Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, Thomas Deeby, Mark Carroll, Bruce Eckholm) for access to hives and training me how to tend bees, without which I could not have performed my work. James Nieh and Jay Evans contributed critical specimens for my research. My co-authors Bryan Danforth, Robert Minckley, Olav Rueppell, Salim Tingek, Tanja Magoc, Steven Salzberg gave valuable feedback on manuscripts that became part of this dissertation. Undergraduate Jamie Moy helped to collect data. Thank you to Becky Nankivell, Sharon Richards, Teresa Kudrna, Ryan Nystrom, Ming Beckwith, Pennie Liebig, and the EEB office staff for their administrative support (and encouragement). Thank you to Andrea Grantham, Tony Day, Carl Boswell for teaching me microscopy techniques that aided in my research. Thank you to the NSF IGERT Program in Comparative Genomics and the director Michael Nachman, which not only funded much of my graduate research, but also taught me invaluable techniques, critical thinking, and about surviving in academia. Thank you to the Center for Insect Science and the NSF (through funding awards to Nancy Moran) for funding my research and travel to scientific conferences. Thank you to the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology for the platform to share my data, feedback from faculty, and free food. Thank you to all my family and friends (you know who you are) for being there through thick and thin. 5 DEDICATION To Ellen for your love, and to my family, Mom (Joanne) and Dad (Wynn) and my brothers Philip and Jonathan for all their support, encouragement, and positive thinking. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................8 PRESENT STUDY............................................................................................................19 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................23 APPENDIX A: A SIMPLE AND DISTINCTIVE MICROBIOTA ASSOCIATED WITH HONEY BEES AND BUMBLE BEES.............................................................................29 APPENDIX B: ESTABLISHMENT OF CHARACTERISTIC GUT BACTERIA DURING DEVELOPMENT OF THE HONEY BEE WORKER.....................................73 APPENDIX C: HAPPENSTANCE SEQUENCING OF THE NEAR-COMPLETE GENOME OF A BUMBLE BEE GUT SYMBIONT.....................................................123 7 ABSTRACT Gut microbial communities exist in the vast majority of animals, and often form complex symbioses with their hosts that affect their host’s biology in numerous ways. To date, the majority of studies of these complex interactions have focused on the nutritional benefits provided by the microbiota; however, the natural microbiota can also influence development, immunity, and the metabolism of its host. Apis mellifera, the honey bee, harbors a distinctive bacterial community that is present in individuals from distant locations around the world; however, the basis of the bee-microbiota association is unknown. This dissertation explores properties of the bacterial microbiota within bees, including its persistence of this association, mechanisms of transmission, localization through host ontogeny, and basic metabolic capabilities that define and maintain the symbiotic relationship. Apis and Bombus species (honey and bumble bees) share a distinct bacterial microbiota that is not present in other bees and wasps. Close analysis of the A. mellifera microbiota revealed consistent communities in adult worker gut organs and a general lack of bacteria in larvae. Contact between workers and with hive materials were identified as major routes of transmission for bacterial communities, showing the importance of social behavior in this association. Genomic analysis of a gut bacterium co-sequenced with the Bombus impatiens genome revealed it as a divergent lineage of Gammaproteobacteria, and deletions of conserved metabolic pathways, reduction in genome size, and its low GC content all suggest that the bacterial species has had a long association with its host. 8 INTRODUCTION Explanation of the problem and its context The evolution and physiology of animals are greatly influenced by the microbial communities residing within them (Lee & Mazmanian 2010; Ley et al. 2008; Ley et al. 2006; Wostmann 1996). Many host-microbe interactions occur within the gut, which is not only the chief area of food digestion and nutrient absorption, but also a main location for immune system activity (Chapman 1998; Hooper et al. 2002; Lee & Mazmanian 2010; Tellam 1996; Vallet-Gely et al. 2008). Gut microbial communities exist in the vast majority of animals and have formed complex symbioses with their hosts, affecting their host’s biology in abundant ways (Dehority 1997; Dillon & Dillon 2004; Mackie 1997). Advances in
Recommended publications
  • Identification of Pasteurella Species and Morphologically Similar Organisms
    UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Issued by the Standards Unit, Microbiology Services, PHE Bacteriology – Identification | ID 13 | Issue no: 3 | Issue date: 04.02.15 | Page: 1 of 28 © Crown copyright 2015 Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Acknowledgments UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations (SMIs) are developed under the auspices of Public Health England (PHE) working in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health Wales and with the professional organisations whose logos are displayed below and listed on the website https://www.gov.uk/uk- standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality-and-consistency-in-clinical- laboratories. SMIs are developed, reviewed and revised by various working groups which are overseen by a steering committee (see https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/standards-for-microbiology-investigations- steering-committee). The contributions of many individuals in clinical, specialist and reference laboratories who have provided information and comments during the development of this document are acknowledged. We are grateful to the Medical Editors for editing the medical content. For further information please contact us at: Standards Unit Microbiology Services Public Health England 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5EQ E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.gov.uk/uk-standards-for-microbiology-investigations-smi-quality- and-consistency-in-clinical-laboratories UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations are produced in association with: Logos correct at time of publishing. Bacteriology – Identification | ID 13 | Issue no: 3 | Issue date: 04.02.15 | Page: 2 of 28 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public Health England Identification of Pasteurella species and Morphologically Similar Organisms Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella Multocida Isolates from Pneumonic Cases of Cattle in Ethiopia
    Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Pneumonic Cases of Cattle in Ethiopia Mirtneh Akalu Yilma ( [email protected] ) Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-6873 Murthy Bhadra Vemulapati Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Takele Abayneh Tefera Veterinaerinstituttet Martha Yami VeterinaryInstitute Teferi Degefa Negi VeterinaryInstitue Alebachew Belay VeterinaryInstitute Getaw Derese VeterinaryInstitute Esayas Gelaye Leykun Veterinaerinstituttet Research article Keywords: Biovar, Capsular type, Cattle, Ethiopia, Pasteurella multocida Posted Date: January 19th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-61749/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/13 Abstract Background: Pasteurella multocida is a heterogeneous species and opportunistic pathogen associated with pneumonia in cattle. Losses due to pneumonia and associated expenses are estimated to be higher in Ethiopia with limited information about the distribution of capsular serotypes. Hence, this study was designed to determine the phenotypic and capsular serotypes of P. multocida from pneumonic cases of cattle. Methods: A cross sectional study with purposive sampling method was employed in 400 cattle from April 2018 to January 2019. Nasopharyngeal swabs and lung tissue samples were collected from clinically suspected pneumonic cases of calves (n = 170) and adult cattle (n = 230). Samples were analyzed using bacteriological and molecular assay. Results: Bacteriological analysis revealed isolation of 61 (15.25%) P. multocida subspecies multocida. Incidence was higher in calves 35 (57.38%) compared to adult cattle 26 (42.62%) at P < 0.5. PCR assay targeting KMT1 gene (~460 bp) conrmed P.
    [Show full text]
  • Gallibacterium Anatis: an Emerging Pathogen of Poultry Birds And
    ary Scien in ce r te & e T V e f c h o Journal of Veterinary Science & n n l o o a a l l n n o o r r g g u u Singh, et al., J Veterinar Sci Techno 2016, 7:3 y y o o J J Technology DOI: 10.4172/2157-7579.1000324 ISSN: 2157-7579 Review Article Open Access Gallibacterium anatis: An Emerging Pathogen of Poultry Birds and Domiciled Birds Shiv Varan Singh, Bhoj R Singh*, Dharmendra K Sinha, Vinodh Kumar OR, Prasanna Vadhana A, Monika Bhardwaj and Sakshi Dubey Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding author: Dr. Bhoj R Singh, Acting Head of Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Tel: +91-8449033222; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: Feb 09, 2016; Acc date: Mar 16, 2016; Pub date: Mar 18, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Singh SV, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Gallibacterium anatis though known since long as opportunistic pathogen of intensively reared poultry birds has emerged in last few years as multiple drug resistance pathogen causing heavy mortality outbreaks not only in poultry birds but also in other domiciled or domestic birds. Due to its fastidious nature, commensal status and with no pathgnomonic lesions in diseased birds G. anatis infection often remains obscure for diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • From Genotype to Phenotype: Inferring Relationships Between Microbial Traits and Genomic Components
    From genotype to phenotype: inferring relationships between microbial traits and genomic components Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at der Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf vorgelegt von Aaron Weimann aus Oberhausen D¨usseldorf,29.08.16 aus dem Institut f¨urInformatik der Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Mathemathisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨atder Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf Referent: Prof. Dr. Alice C. McHardy Koreferent: Prof. Dr. Martin J. Lercher Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung: 24.02.17 Selbststandigkeitserkl¨ arung¨ Hiermit erkl¨areich, dass ich die vorliegende Dissertation eigenst¨andigund ohne fremde Hilfe angefertig habe. Arbeiten Dritter wurden entsprechend zitiert. Diese Dissertation wurde bisher in dieser oder ¨ahnlicher Form noch bei keiner anderen Institution eingereicht. Ich habe bisher keine erfolglosen Promotionsversuche un- ternommen. D¨usseldorf,den . ... ... ... (Aaron Weimann) Statement of authorship I hereby certify that this dissertation is the result of my own work. No other person's work has been used without due acknowledgement. This dissertation has not been submitted in the same or similar form to other institutions. I have not previously failed a doctoral examination procedure. Summary Bacteria live in almost any imaginable environment, from the most extreme envi- ronments (e.g. in hydrothermal vents) to the bovine and human gastrointestinal tract. By adapting to such diverse environments, they have developed a large arsenal of enzymes involved in a wide variety of biochemical reactions. While some such enzymes support our digestion or can be used for the optimization of biotechnological processes, others may be harmful { e.g. mediating the roles of bacteria in human diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • INFECTIOUS DISEASES of HAITI Free
    INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF HAITI Free. Promotional use only - not for resale. Infectious Diseases of Haiti - 2010 edition Infectious Diseases of Haiti - 2010 edition Copyright © 2010 by GIDEON Informatics, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by GIDEON Informatics, Inc, Los Angeles, California, USA. www.gideononline.com Cover design by GIDEON Informatics, Inc No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission from the publisher. Contact GIDEON Informatics at [email protected]. ISBN-13: 978-1-61755-090-4 ISBN-10: 1-61755-090-6 Visit http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/ for the up to date list of GIDEON ebooks. DISCLAIMER: Publisher assumes no liability to patients with respect to the actions of physicians, health care facilities and other users, and is not responsible for any injury, death or damage resulting from the use, misuse or interpretation of information obtained through this book. Therapeutic options listed are limited to published studies and reviews. Therapy should not be undertaken without a thorough assessment of the indications, contraindications and side effects of any prospective drug or intervention. Furthermore, the data for the book are largely derived from incidence and prevalence statistics whose accuracy will vary widely for individual diseases and countries. Changes in endemicity, incidence, and drugs of choice may occur. The list of drugs, infectious diseases and even country names will vary with time. © 2010 GIDEON Informatics, Inc. www.gideononline.com All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 314 Free. Promotional use only - not for resale. Infectious Diseases of Haiti - 2010 edition Introduction: The GIDEON e-book series Infectious Diseases of Haiti is one in a series of GIDEON ebooks which summarize the status of individual infectious diseases, in every country of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella Multocida Isolates from Bovine Respiratory Disease Cases in Ethiopia
    Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of the Capsular Serotypes of Pasteurella Multocida Isolates From Bovine Respiratory Disease Cases in Ethiopia Mirtneh Akalu Yilma ( [email protected] ) Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-6873 Murthy Bhadra Vemulapati Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Takele Abayneh Tefera Veterinaerinstituttet Martha Yami VeterinaryInstitute Teferi Degefa Negi VeterinaryInstitue Alebachew Belay VeterinaryInstitute Getaw Derese VeterinaryInstitute Esayas Gelaye Leykun Veterinaerinstituttet Research article Keywords: Antibiogram, Biovar, Capsular type, Cattle, Ethiopia, Pasteurella multocida Posted Date: September 9th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-61749/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/15 Abstract Background: Pasteurella multocida is a heterogeneous species and opportunistic pathogen that causes bovine respiratory disease. This disease is one of an economically important disease in Ethiopia. Losses due to mortality and associated expenses are estimated to be higher in the country. Studies revealed that limited information is available regarding the capsular types, genotypes, and antimicrobial sensitivity of P. multocida isolates circulating in the country. This suggests, further molecular advances to understand the etiological diversity of the pathogens representing severe threats to the cattle population. Results: Bacteriological analysis of nasopharyngeal swab and pneumonic lung tissue samples collected from a total of 400 samples revealed isolation of 61 (15.25%) P. multocida subspecies multocida. 35 (20.59%) were isolated from calves and 26 (11.30%) from adult cattle. Molecular analysis using PCR assay targeting KMT1 gene (~460 bp) amplication was shown in all presumptive isolates. Capsular typing also conrmed the presence of serogroup A (hyaD-hyaC) gene (~1044 bp) and serogroup D (dcbF) gene (~657 bp) from 56 (91.80%) and 5 (8.20%) isolates, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Resistance in Pasteurella and Mannheimia: Epidemiology and Genetic Basis
    Antimicrobial resistance in Pasteurella and Mannheimia: epidemiology and genetic basis Corinna Kehrenberg, Gundula Schulze-Tanzil, Jean-Louis Martel, Elisabeth Chaslus-Dancla, Stefan Schwarz To cite this version: Corinna Kehrenberg, Gundula Schulze-Tanzil, Jean-Louis Martel, Elisabeth Chaslus-Dancla, Stefan Schwarz. Antimicrobial resistance in Pasteurella and Mannheimia: epidemiology and genetic basis. Veterinary Research, BioMed Central, 2001, 32 (3-4), pp.323-339. 10.1051/vetres:2001128. hal- 00902701 HAL Id: hal-00902701 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00902701 Submitted on 1 Jan 2001 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Vet. Res. 32 (2001) 323–339 323 © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2001 Review article Antimicrobial resistance in Pasteurella and Mannheimia: epidemiology and genetic basis Corinna KEHRENBERGa, Gundula SCHULZE-TANZILa, Jean-Louis MARTELc, Elisabeth CHASLUS-DANCLAb, Stefan SCHWARZa* a Institut für Tierzucht und Tierverhalten, Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft (FAL), 29223 Celle, Germany b Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Pathologie Aviaire et Parasitologie, 37380 Nouzilly, France c Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Pathologie Bovine et Hygiène des viandes, 31 avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France (Received 23 November 2000; accepted 2 February 2001) Abstract – Isolates of the genera Pasteurella and Mannheimia cause a wide variety of diseases of great economic importance in poultry, pigs, cattle and rabbits.
    [Show full text]
  • Amplitaq and Amplitaq Gold DNA Polymerase
    AmpliTaq and AmpliTaq Gold DNA Polymerase The Most Referenced Brand of DNA Polymerase in the World Date: 2005-05 Notes: Authors are listed alphabetically J. Clin. Microbiol. (237) Beck, I. A., M. Mahalanabis, et al. (2002). "Rapid and Sensitive Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay for Detection of Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Associated with High-Level Resistance to Protease Inhibitors." J. Clin. Microbiol. 40(4): 1413-1419. http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/40/4/1413 A sensitive, specific, and high-throughput oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) for the detection of genotypic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resistance to Food and Drug Administration-approved protease inhibitors was developed and evaluated. This ligation-based assay uses differentially modified oligonucleotides specific for wild-type or mutant sequences, allowing sensitive and simple detection of both genotypes in a single well of a microtiter plate. Oligonucleotides were designed to detect primary mutations associated with high-level resistance to amprenavir, nelfinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, and lopinavir, including amino acid substitutions D30N, I50V, V82A/S/T, I84V, N88D, and L90M. Plasma HIV-1 RNA from 54 infected patients was amplified by reverse transcription-PCR and sequenced by using dideoxynucleotide chain terminators for evaluation of mutations associated with drug resistance. These same amplicons were genotyped by the OLA at positions 30, 50, 82, 88, 84, and 90 for a total of 312 codons. The sensitivity of detection of drug-resistant genotypes was 96.7% (87 of 90 mutant codons) in the OLA compared to 92.2% (83 of 90) in consensus sequencing, presumably due to the increased sensitivity of the OLA.
    [Show full text]
  • CGM-18-001 Perseus Report Update Bacterial Taxonomy Final Errata
    report Update of the bacterial taxonomy in the classification lists of COGEM July 2018 COGEM Report CGM 2018-04 Patrick L.J. RÜDELSHEIM & Pascale VAN ROOIJ PERSEUS BVBA Ordering information COGEM report No CGM 2018-04 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +31-30-274 2777 Postal address: Netherlands Commission on Genetic Modification (COGEM), P.O. Box 578, 3720 AN Bilthoven, The Netherlands Internet Download as pdf-file: http://www.cogem.net → publications → research reports When ordering this report (free of charge), please mention title and number. Advisory Committee The authors gratefully acknowledge the members of the Advisory Committee for the valuable discussions and patience. Chair: Prof. dr. J.P.M. van Putten (Chair of the Medical Veterinary subcommittee of COGEM, Utrecht University) Members: Prof. dr. J.E. Degener (Member of the Medical Veterinary subcommittee of COGEM, University Medical Centre Groningen) Prof. dr. ir. J.D. van Elsas (Member of the Agriculture subcommittee of COGEM, University of Groningen) Dr. Lisette van der Knaap (COGEM-secretariat) Astrid Schulting (COGEM-secretariat) Disclaimer This report was commissioned by COGEM. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and may in no way be taken to represent the views of COGEM. Dit rapport is samengesteld in opdracht van de COGEM. De meningen die in het rapport worden weergegeven, zijn die van de auteurs en weerspiegelen niet noodzakelijkerwijs de mening van de COGEM. 2 | 24 Foreword COGEM advises the Dutch government on classifications of bacteria, and publishes listings of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria that are updated regularly. These lists of bacteria originate from 2011, when COGEM petitioned a research project to evaluate the classifications of bacteria in the former GMO regulation and to supplement this list with bacteria that have been classified by other governmental organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Lipoquinones in Members of the Family Pasteurellaceae R
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, July 1989, p. 304-308 Vol. 39. No. 3 0020-7713/89/030304-05$02.00/0 Copyright 0 1989, International Union of Microbiological Societies Lipoquinones in Members of the Family Pasteurellaceae R. M. KROPPENSTEDT’ AND W. MANNHEIM2* Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, 0-3300 Braunschweig,’ and Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Philipps- Universitdt, Pilgrimstein 2, 0-3550Marburg,2 Federal Republic. of Germany Selected members of the family Pasteurellaceae Pohll981 were investigated for their lipoquinone contents by using high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition to ubiquinones and demethylmenaquinones, menaquinones (MK-7 or MK-8 or both) were detected, mostly as minor naphthoquinone components, in several Actinobacillus, Pasteurella, and related species. Previous studies that relied on difference spectropho- tometry and thin-layer chromatographydid not identify menaquinone components in lipid extracts of members of the Pasteurellaceae. The view that this family can be differentiated from the Enterobacteriaceae and other fermenting gram-negative bacteria by a lack of menaquinones cannot be maintained. Although the situation seems to be more complex than previously recognized, the distribution patterns of lipoquinone structural types and their isoprenologs appear to remain a valuable chemotaxonomic tool for these bacteria. Isoprenoid quinones are essential mediators of phosphor- lone et al. (2) reported the presence of both menaquinones ylating electron transport in respiring membranes of many and demethylmenaquinones in Huemophilus ducreyi and procaryotes and eucaryotic organelles. They are associated questioned the inclusion of this species in the family Pas- with respiratory functions and are present in micromolar teurellaceae . amounts per gram of cellular protein, with considerable In this paper we present evidence that by performing variation depending on environmental conditions (9, 12, 14, HPLC analyses of samples containing at least 100 mg of 15, 19).
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection with Canine-Associated
    DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/13900.6351 Case Report A Case of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection with Canine-associated Microbiology Section Microbiology Pasteurella canis in a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease SEVITHA BHAT1, PREETAM R. ACHARYA2, DHANASHREE BIRANTHABAIL3, ASEEM RANGNEKAR4, SACHIN SHIRAGAVI5 ABSTRACT This is the report of lower respiratory tract infection with Pasteurella canis in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient with history of casual exposure to cats. Pasteurella species are part of the oral and gastrointestinal flora in the canine animals. These organisms are usually implicated in wound infection following animal bites, but can also be associated with a variety of infections including respiratory tract infections. Keywords: Canine animals, Doxycycline, Vitek 2 system CASE REPORT A 70-year-old male, hotel employee by occupation, known case of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) presented to our hospital with a history of cough with purulent expectoration, low grade fever and worsening breathlessness of seven days duration. Patient had history of recurrent exacerbations of COPD caused by Pseudomonas spp. six months back. Patient was an active smoker and gave a history of casual exposure to domestic cats. [Table/Fig-1]: Chest radiograph PA view showing hyper-inflated lung fields and an On examination, patient was conscious, afebrile, tachypneic (res- unfolded aorta [Table/Fig-2]: Culture on Chocolate agar plate showing smooth grey colonies of P.canis piratory rate of 22/minute), mildly hypoxic (oxygen saturation on room air of 88% by pulse oximetry) and haemodynamically stable. Respiratory system examination revealed a barrel shaped chest and bilaterally diminished breath sounds with diffused polyphonic wheeze on auscultation.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Source Tracking in Coastal Recreational Waters of Southern Maine
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Fall 2017 MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING IN COASTAL RECREATIONAL WATERS OF SOUTHERN MAINE: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ENTEROCOCCI, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, POTENTIAL PATHOGENS, AND FECAL SOURCES Derek Rothenheber University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Rothenheber, Derek, "MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING IN COASTAL RECREATIONAL WATERS OF SOUTHERN MAINE: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ENTEROCOCCI, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, POTENTIAL PATHOGENS, AND FECAL SOURCES" (2017). Master's Theses and Capstones. 1133. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1133 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING IN COASTAL RECREATIONAL WATERS OF SOUTHERN MAINE: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ENTEROCOCCI, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, POTENTIAL PATHOGENS, AND FECAL SOURCES BY DEREK ROTHENHEBER Microbiology BS, University of Maine, 2013 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Microbiology September, 2017 This thesis has been examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the
    [Show full text]