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Electoral Performance and Policy Choices in the Front National
Electoral Performance and Policy Choices in the Front National James Shields* School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK *Correspondence: [email protected] This article proposes a two-level analysis of the Front National (FN) in the 2017 French presidential and parliamentary elections. The first level focuses on the electoral performances of Marine Le Pen and the FN and analyses both elections in terms of gains and losses at the polls. The second level considers FN policy and argues that the party went into these elections with a programme targeting both left-leaning and right-leaning voters, attempting a policy synthesis that partly fitted and partly subverted Kirchheimer’s paradigm of the ‘catch-all’ party. Both levels of analysis link to a number of strategic considerations prompting debate within the party over the direction to take in order to improve its future electoral prospects. 1. Far-right populism, the Front National and the electoral context of 2017 The literature on radical right-wing populism has tended to treat the French Front National (FN) as a test case in the making (Camus and Lebourg 2017; Mudde 2017; Akkerman, de Lange and Rooduijn 2016; Benveniste 2016; Judis 2016; Beauzamy 2013; Reynié 2011). As Europe’s premier far-right populist party, the FN has plotted a gradual upward course in both elections and opinion polls since its initial breakthrough in the mid-1980s. While other far-right parties have either perished or been drawn into collusion with mainstream parties (de Lange 2012), the FN has sustained its solitary advance, making a virtue of its outsider status (Perrineau 2014). -
Different Shades of Black. the Anatomy of the Far Right in the European Parliament
Different Shades of Black. The Anatomy of the Far Right in the European Parliament Ellen Rivera and Masha P. Davis IERES Occasional Papers, May 2019 Transnational History of the Far Right Series Cover Photo: Protesters of right-wing and far-right Flemish associations take part in a protest against Marra-kesh Migration Pact in Brussels, Belgium on Dec. 16, 2018. Editorial credit: Alexandros Michailidis / Shutter-stock.com @IERES2019 Different Shades of Black. The Anatomy of the Far Right in the European Parliament Ellen Rivera and Masha P. Davis IERES Occasional Papers, no. 2, May 15, 2019 Transnational History of the Far Right Series Transnational History of the Far Right Series A Collective Research Project led by Marlene Laruelle At a time when global political dynamics seem to be moving in favor of illiberal regimes around the world, this re- search project seeks to fill in some of the blank pages in the contemporary history of the far right, with a particular focus on the transnational dimensions of far-right movements in the broader Europe/Eurasia region. Of all European elections, the one scheduled for May 23-26, 2019, which will decide the composition of the 9th European Parliament, may be the most unpredictable, as well as the most important, in the history of the European Union. Far-right forces may gain unprecedented ground, with polls suggesting that they will win up to one-fifth of the 705 seats that will make up the European parliament after Brexit.1 The outcome of the election will have a profound impact not only on the political environment in Europe, but also on the trans- atlantic and Euro-Russian relationships. -
Debout La France !
DEBOUT LA FRANCE ! Le projet de Nicolas Dupont-Aignan pour l’élection présidentielle 2017 1 LE PROJET PRESIDENTIEL DE NICOLAS DUPONT-AIGNAN La France mérite qu’on se batte pour elle. Je veux la sauver avec un projet présidentiel à la fois ambitieux, concret et solide, fruit de milliers de rencontres avec les Français et de centaines d’heures de travail avec des acteurs de terrain et des experts reconnus. Pour le porter, je suis entouré d’une équipe d’hommes et de femmes honnêtes, compétents, gaullistes et patriotes. Je suis candidat à la présidence de la République car je sais qu’une autre politique est possible. Je suis le candidat qui veut rendre le pouvoir aux Français. Je suis le candidat de l’ordre, indispensable pour vivre ensemble. Je suis le candidat du travail, du mérite et de la relance économique. Je suis le candidat de la justice sociale pour rassembler les Français. Oui, je veux une France à nouveau debout, capable de défendre ses intérêts, d’affirmer ses valeurs, de retrouver sa cohésion et sa place dans le monde. Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN Député-Maire d’Yerres (91) Président de Debout la France Candidat à la présidence de la République 2 MORALISER ET REFONDER LE SYSTEME POLITIQUE ........................................................................ 14 LE CONSTAT ...................................................................................................................................... 14 NOS MESURES ................................................................................................................................... 14 A. MORALISER LA VIE PUBLIQUE ................................................................................................................ 14 B. REDUIRE LE TRAIN DE VIE DE LA CLASSE POLITIQUE AVEC UN PARLEMENT PLUS RAMASSE ET PLUS EFFICACE ......... 15 C. REMETTRE LE CITOYEN AU CENTRE DU JEU DEMOCRATIQUE ET REVENIR A L’ESSENCE DE LA VE REPUBLIQUE ........ 15 EUROPE : REMPLACER L’UNION EUROPEENNE PAR UNE COMMUNAUTE DES ETATS EUROPEENS . -
ISS Forum 20
H-Diplo | ISSF Forum, No. 20 (2019) issforum.org Forum Editors: Michael C. Behrent and Diane Labrosse Web and Production Editor: George Fujii Introduction by Michael C. Behrent H-Diplo/ISSF Policy Forum on the 2019 European Elections Published on 7 June 2019 Permalink: http://issforum.org/forums/europe-2019 Shortlink: http://tiny.cc/ISSF-Forum-20 PDF URL: http://issforum.org/ISSF/PDF/ISSF-Forum-20.pdf Contents Introduction by Michael C. Behrent, Appalachian State University ....................................... 2 Essay by Eszter Babarczy, Moholy-Nagy University of Art (Budapest) ................................... 6 Essay by Olivier Costa, CNRS, Sciences Po (Bordeaux), Collège d’Europe (Bruges) ............... 8 Essay by Olivier Costa, CNRS, Sciences Po (Bordeaux), Collège d’Europe (Bruges) Translated for H-Diplo by Michael C. Behrent ....................................................................... 12 Essay by Laura Fasanaro, Roma Tre University (Rome) ......................................................... 16 Essay by Till van Rahden, Université de Montréal ................................................................. 21 © Copyright 2019 The Authors | H-Diplo/ISSF Forum 20 (2019) Introduction by Michael C. Behrent, Appalachian State University lections to the European Parliament are in many respects the ugly duckling of the European election cycle. They lack the obvious importance and immediate repercussions of presidential and parliamentary elections, yet they undeniably embody the core of the European ideal, even in its Ecurrent battered and beleaguered state. The European Parliament’s 751 members are, after all, directly elected by the European Union’s 500 million citizens. In recent decades, the Parliament’s role in the EU’s institutional architecture has deepened, giving members a prominent role in drafting legislation and approving the EU’s budget. Yet the Parliament’s rising stature has not been matched by equal levels of public awareness of its role. -
Macron Leaks” Operation: a Post-Mortem
Atlantic Council The “Macron Leaks” Operation: A Post-Mortem Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer The “Macron Leaks” Operation: A Post-Mortem Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer ISBN-13: 978-1-61977-588-6 This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Indepen- dence. The author is solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. June 2019 Contents Acknowledgments iv Abstract v Introduction 1 I- WHAT HAPPENED 4 1. The Disinformation Campaign 4 a) By the Kremlin media 4 b) By the American alt-right 6 2. The Aperitif: #MacronGate 9 3. The Hack 10 4. The Leak 11 5. In Summary, a Classic “Hack and Leak” Information Operation 14 6. Epilogue: One and Two Years Later 15 II- WHO DID IT? 17 1. The Disinformation Campaign 17 2. The Hack 18 3. The Leak 21 4. Conclusion: a combination of Russian intelligence and American alt-right 23 III- WHY DID IT FAIL AND WHAT LESSONS CAN BE LEARNED? 26 1. Structural Reasons 26 2. Luck 28 3. Anticipation 29 Lesson 1: Learn from others 29 Lesson 2: Use the right administrative tools 31 Lesson 3: Raise awareness 32 Lesson 4: Show resolve and determination 32 Lesson 5: Take (technical) precautions 33 Lesson 6: Put pressure on digital platforms 33 4. Reaction 34 Lesson 7: Make all hacking attempts public 34 Lesson 8: Gain control over the leaked information 34 Lesson 9: Stay focused and strike back 35 Lesson 10: Use humor 35 Lesson 11: Alert law enforcement 36 Lesson 12: Undermine propaganda outlets 36 Lesson 13: Trivialize the leaked content 37 Lesson 14: Compartmentalize communication 37 Lesson 15: Call on the media to behave responsibly 37 5. -
As Ssem N Mblé Ée N 06 Nati Iona
N° 2006 ______ ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE CONSTITUTION DU 4 OCTOBRE 1958 QUATORZIÈME LÉGISLATURE Enregistré à la Présidence de l'Assemblée nationale le 6 juin 2019 RAPPORT FAIT AU NOM DE LA COMMISSION D’ENQUÊTE (1) sur la lutte contre les groupuscules d’extrême droite en France Mme MURIEL RESSIGUIER Présidente M. ADRIEN MORENAS Rapporteur Députés —— (1) La composition de cette commission d’enquête figure au verso de la présente page. La commission d’enquête sur la lutte contre les groupuscule d’extrême droite en France est composée de : Mme Muriel Ressiguier, présidente ; M. Adrien Morenas, rapporteur ; M. Éric Diard, Mme Émilie Guerel, M. Thomas Rudigoz, Mme Laurence Vichnievsky, vice- présidents ; MM. Christophe Arend, Meyer Habib, Mme Véronique Hammerer, M. Régis Juanico, secrétaires ; MM. Belkhir Belhaddad, Francis Chouat, Mme Coralie Dubost, MM. M’jid El Guerrab, Pascal Lavergne, Stéphane Mazars, Ludovic Mendes, Thierry Michels, Jean-Michel Mis, Pierre Morel-À-L’Huissier, Stéphane Peu, Bruno Questel, Mme Valérie Thomas, M. Jean-Louis Touraine, Mme Michèle Victory, M. Sylvain Waserman. — 3 — SOMMAIRE ___ Pages AVANT-PROPOS DE MME MURIEL RESSIGUIER, PRÉSIDENTE DE LA COMMISSION D’ENQUÊTE ...................................................................... 9 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 47 I. UNE NÉBULEUSE AUX EFFECTIFS GLOBALEMENT STABLES DONT LA PROPAGANDE BÉNÉFICIE D’UNE CHAMBRE D’ÉCHO CROISSANTE .............................................................................................................. -
Populism in France Gilles Ivaldi
Populism in France Gilles Ivaldi To cite this version: Gilles Ivaldi. Populism in France. Daniel Stockemer. Populism Around the World. A Comparative Perspective, Springer, pp.27-48, 2018, 978-3-319-96757-8. 10.1007/978-3-319-96758-5_3. halshs- 01889832 HAL Id: halshs-01889832 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01889832 Submitted on 3 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Pre-print Populism in France Gilles Ivaldi, URMIS, CNRS-University of Nice [email protected] This is a pre-print version of: Ivaldi, Gilles, “Populism in France”, which has appeared as a book chapter in: Daniel Stockemer (ed.) Populism around the world: A Comparative Perspective, Cham: Springer, pp.27-48 (https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319967578) Abstract This chapter examines the supply and demand sides of populism in France. It looks at the two main populist actors i.e. the Front National (FN) and La France Insoumise (LFI). The FN exemplifies the typical radical right populist organiZation, primarily mobiliZing grievances over immigration, while LFI shows a left-wing egalitarian and socially inclusive profile. Electoral support for populism in France is fuelled by economic instability and voter distrust of mainstream politics and of the EU. -
Rapport Sur Les Élections Européennes Des 25 Et 26 Mai 2019
THÉMA Rapport sur les élections européennes des 25 et 26 mai 2019 Novembre 2019 Les collections CSA © Conseil supérieur de l’audiovisuel Rapport sur les élections européennes Sommaire I. LE TRAITEMENT DE L’ACTUALITÉ ÉLECTORALE ....................................................... 9 1. Le cadre juridique applicable aux médias audiovisuels 9 2. La couverture de l’actualité électorale 10 3. Le respect du principe d’équité 11 4. La période de réserve 12 5. La lutte contre la manipulation de l’information 13 6. Le traitement des saisines 14 7. L’évaluation de la couverture de la campagne électorale 16 II. LA CAMPAGNE OFFICIELLE AUDIOVISUELLE ......................................................... 17 1. Les décisions du Conseil 17 2. Production et diffusion des émissions de la campagne officielle 21 3. Les coûts des émissions de la campagne audiovisuelle officielle 22 4. Le recours de La France insoumise 23 III. LES PROPOSITIONS D’ÉVOLUTION ....................................................................... 24 1. Les contraintes liées au calendrier des opérations électorales 24 2. Les difficultés liées à la mise en œuvre du IV de l’article 19 de la loi du 7 juillet 1977 25 3. La diffusion des émissions de la campagne officielle audiovisuelle 26 ANNEXE......................................................................................................................... 29 1. Textes adoptés par le Conseil supérieur de l’audiovisuel 29 3 Rapport sur les élections européennes Synthèse Les 25 et 26 mai 2019, les électrices et les électeurs français ont élu leurs 79 représentants au Parlement européen. Marqué par un regain de la participation, ce scrutin était organisé pour la première fois depuis 1999 dans le cadre d’une circonscription nationale unique. Il constituait surtout le premier rendez-vous électoral majeur depuis l’élection présidentielle et les élections législatives de 2017. -
Retelling the Story of the 2017 French Presidential Election: the Contribution of Approval Voting Antoinette Baujard, Isabelle Lebon
Retelling the Story of the 2017 French Presidential Election: The contribution of Approval Voting Antoinette Baujard, Isabelle Lebon To cite this version: Antoinette Baujard, Isabelle Lebon. Retelling the Story of the 2017 French Presidential Election: The contribution of Approval Voting. 2020. halshs-02926773 HAL Id: halshs-02926773 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02926773 Preprint submitted on 1 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. WP 2023 – August 2020 Retelling the Story of the 2017 French Presidential Election: The contribution of Approval VotingA Review Antoinette Baujard, Isabelle Lebon Abstract: This paper proposes an alternative reading of the politics of the 2017 French presidential election, using an unstudied source of information on voters’ preferences: experimental data on approval voting. We provide a new narrative of the election process and outcome. The principal approach for understanding the political context has for many decades been a distinction between left and right-wing political forces. We introduce a method for generating an endogenous political axis, and construct three indices so that we might understand how and why the conventional approach has become progressively irrelevant. We find no gender effect, but instead an age effect. -
Download/Print the Study in PDF Format
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN FRANCE 23rd April and 7th May 2017 European Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen running Elections monitor easily ahead in the polls just one month 1) Analysis : page 1 2) Result 1st round : page 7 before the presidential election in France 3) Result 2nd round : page 11 Corinne Deloy On 23rd April next 46.6 million French voters and 1.3 million living elsewhere in the world are being called to vote in the first round of the presidential election. The two candidates who come out ahead on the eve of 23rd April will face each other in a second round of voting Analysis that will take place two weeks later on 7th May. The presidential election will be followed on 11th and 18th June by general elections that will lead to the renewal of the 577 members’ seats in the National Assembly, the lower chamber of parliament. The election that will be taking place in an international with 26% of the vote, ahead of Marine Le Pen, who context marked by the Brexit and the victory of Donald is due to win 25% of the vote. The candidate of the Trump on 8th November last in the American presidential government right, François Fillon (Les Républicains, LR) election means that everything is now possible and is due to win 18% of the vote. On the left, with 18% more uncertain than ever before. The main issue at of the vote, Jean-Luc Mélenchon is due to draw ahead stake in this presidential election is the following: who of the Socialist Party’s representative, Benoît Hamon, will challenge Marine Le Pen (Front National, FN) in the who is due to win 10.50% of the vote. -
French Presidential Election: an Expected Surprise Elie Michel April 24, 2017
French presidential election: An expected surprise Elie Michel April 24, 2017 The eventful and unconventional campaign for the French presidential elections (partly) came to an end on Sunday night. Centrist candidate Em- manuel Macron (24,0%) and Marine Le Pen (21,3%) of the radical right Front National have both qualified for the run-off of the presidential election. Even though polls had predicted this results in the months prior to the election, it still constitutes a surprise. The outcome is historically close, and 4 candidates have gathered around 20% of the electorate, yet both mainstream parties have been eliminated. After Macron and Le Pen, right-wing candidate François Fil- lon (20,0%) and radical left Jean-Luc Mélenchon (19,6%) came short of mak- ing it to the second round. 2017 is ahistorical election for the left: Mélenchon obtained a record result, while Benoit Hamon finished at one of the lowest scores of the Socialist Party of outgoing president Francois Hollande. The fact that the latter had renounced to compete for re-election (because of his very low approval ratings) had completely opened the presidential race, although the campaign had been mostly centred on political and financial scandals. Macron’s result is particularly impressive as the candidate was virtually unknown a few years before the election, and he led his campaign without the support of any established political party. He managed to gather individuals from the left and the right to create his own centrist movement: En Marche. The same strategy worked with voters. Macron’s campaign was articulated around two types of issues. -
Chroniques D'oropotamie
Chroniques d’Oropotamie Une nouvelle de politique-fiction par Tournesol Avant-propos Le Front National est toujours un parti protestataire. Au niveau national, il peut se présenter comme un parti neuf et proclamer qu’il est au service des classes populaires, porteur de solutions nouvelles. Que sait-on en effet de son niveau de sincérité : il n’a d’élu ni au gouvernement, ni à l’Assemblée Nationale, ni même au Sénat. Au conseil régional de Rhône-Alpes, en revanche, le FN possède un groupe de quinze élus, plus deux mis à l’écart. Au quotidien, ces élus votent, interviennent, se positionnent par rapport aux politiques proposées. En tant que collaborateur du groupe d’élus Europe Ecologie - Les Verts, je suis bien placé pour les observer. Je suis bien placé pour constater que le virage «social» dont se réclame Marine Le Pen n’a ici aucune résonance, bien que certains des conseillers régionaux comptent parmi ses proches. Ces élus sont tout simplement conformes à l’héritage de l’extrême droite auquel ils se plaisent à faire référence dans leurs interventions. Leur programme est simple : laisser-faire économique, politique sociale réduite à néant, contrôle de la culture, surenchère sécuritaire ; le fondamentalisme catholique comme boussole. Partant de ce constat, avec le soutien des élus écologistes pour qui je travaille, j’ai décidé d’écrire ce petit feuilleton en treize épisodes mettant en scène un parti imaginaire venant au pouvoir dans une région imaginaire. Ce n’est bien sûr qu’une fiction, mais... Tournesol Préface L’extrême droite avance masquée. Elle est blonde, elle est jeune, elle a le sens de la répartie.