View Society Costanzo Ranci 73 Democracy at Work: Social Participation and the “Third Sector” in Italy Suzanne Berger and Richard M
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
BOARD OF EDITORS David Apter, David Baltimore, Daniel Bell, Guido Calabresi, Natalie Z. Davis, Wendy Doniger, Clifford Geertz, Stephen J. Greenblatt, Vartan Gregorian, Stanley Hoffmann, Gerald Holton, Donald Kennedy, Sally F. Moore, W. G. Runciman, Amartya K. Sen, Steven Weinberg STEPHEN R. GRAUBARD Editor of Dædalus PHYLLIS S. BENDELL Managing Editor SARAH M. SHOEMAKER Associate Editor MARK D. W. EDINGTON Consulting Editor SASIMA CHUAPRASERT Circulation and Editorial Office Assistant Cover design by Michael Schubert, Director of Ruder-Finn Design Printed on recycled paper frontmatter sp2001.p65 1 06/06/2001, 10:40 AM DÆDALUS JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Italy: Resilient and Vulnerable, Volume I: The European Challenge Spring 2001 Issued as Volume 130, Number 2, of the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences frontmatter sp2001.p65 2 06/06/2001, 10:40 AM Spring 2001, “Italy: Resilient and Vulnerable, Volume I: The European Challenge” Issued as Volume 130, Number 2, of the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. ISBN 0-87724-025-6 © 2001 by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Library of Congress Catalog Number 12-30299. Editorial Offices: Dædalus, Norton’s Woods, 136 Irving Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. Telephone: (617) 491-2600; Fax: (617) 576-5088; Email: [email protected] Dædalus (ISSN 0011-5266) is published quarterly by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. U.S. subscription rates: for individuals—$33, one year; $60.50, two years; $82.50, three years; for institutions—$49.50, one year; $82.50, two years; $110, three years. Canadian subscription rates: for individuals—$42, one year; $78.75, two years; $109.50, three years; for institutions—$60, one year; $102, two years; $138.50, three years. All other foreign subscribers must add $7.00 per year to the price of U.S. subscriptions. Replacement copies for damaged or misrouted issues will be sent free of charge up to six months from the date of original publication. Thereafter, back copies are available for the current cover price plus postage and handling. GST number: 14034 3229 RT. All subscription orders, single-copy orders, and change-of- address information must be sent in writing to the Dædalus Business Office, 136 Irving Street, Suite 100, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Printed in the United States of America. Printing Office: 2901 Byrdhill Road, Richmond, VA 23228. U.S.A. newsstand distribution by Eastern News Distributors, Inc., 2020 Superior Street, Sandusky, OH 44870 Telephone: 800-221-3148. Periodicals postage paid at Boston, MA, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to DÆDALUS, 136 Irving Street, Suite 100, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. frontmatter sp2001.p65 3 06/06/2001, 10:40 AM Contents, Volume I: The European Challenge V Preface Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 1 Introduction International Romano Prodi 7 Italy, Europe Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa 13 Italy and Europe: A Fruitful Interaction Filippo Andreatta 45 Italy at a Crossroads: The Foreign Policy of a Medium Power after the End of Bipolarity Economy Luigi Federico Signorini 67 Italy’s Economy: An Introduction Fabrizio Barca 93 New Trends and the Policy Shift in the Italian Mezzogiorno Fiorella Kostoris Padoa Schioppa 115 Budgetary Policies and Administrative Reform in Contemporary Italy frontmatter sp2001.p65 4 06/06/2001, 10:40 AM DÆDALUS is on the Internet Visit our World Wide Web site at: http://www.amacad.org This service provides the most current information about Dædalus, including press releases and ordering information. In addition, it provides direct e-mail access to our editorial offices, so you can let us know how we are doing: Which issues were of particular interest to you? Which authors would you like to see more of? What topics would you like to see covered in the future? Send comments to: [email protected] How to Get Permission to Reprint DÆDALUS Articles If you wish to reprint an article from Dædalus in another publication or to reproduce an article for classroom or other use, please send a written request to: Permissions Manager Dædalus 136 Irving Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Permission can be granted in most cases; charges vary according to use of the copyrighted materials. If you have any questions, call (617) 491–2600 between 9:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. Eastern time and ask to speak with our permissions manager. frontmatter sp2001.p65 5 06/06/2001, 10:40 AM Carlo Azeglio Ciampi Introduction Romano Prodi Italy, Europe Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Italy and Europe: A Fruitful Interaction Filippo Andreatta Italy at a Crossroads: The Foreign Policy of a Medium Power after the End of Bipolarity Luigi Federico Signorini Italy’s Economy: An Introduction Fabrizio Barca New Trends and the Policy Shift in the Italian Mezzogiorno Fiorella Kostoris Padoa Schioppa Budgetary Policies and Administrative Reform in Contemporary Italy frontmatter sp2001.p65 6 06/06/2001, 10:40 AM Contents, Volume II: Politics and Society (Summer 2001) Politics Edmondo Berselli 1 The Crisis and Transformation of Italian Politics Renato Brunetta 25 Italy’s Other Left Luciano Violante 47 Italian Parliamentary Institutions: An Evolutionary Overview Society Costanzo Ranci 73 Democracy at Work: Social Participation and the “Third Sector” in Italy Suzanne Berger and Richard M. Locke 85 Il Caso Italiano and Globalization Alessandro Ovi 105 Cheese, Children, and Container Cranes: Learning from Reggio Emilia Alessandro Cavalli 119 Reflections on Political Culture and the “Italian National Character” Massimo Livi-Bacci 139 Too Few Children and Too Much Family Letizia Paoli 157 Crime, Italian Style ADVISORY BOARD Giovanni Agnelli, Beniamino Andreatta, Filippo Andreatta, Fabrizio Barca, Reginald Bartholomew, Suzanne Berger, Edmondo Berselli, Boris Biancheri, Renato Brunetta, Alessandro Cavalli, Liliana Cavani, Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, Claudio Costamagna, Ilvo Diamanti, Umberto Eco, Paolo Ettore, Sergio Garribba, Gian Maria Gros-Pietro, Christopher Hill, Fiorella Kostoris Padoa Schioppa, Antonio Zanardi Landi, Enrico Letta, Massimo Livi-Bacci, Richard M. Locke, Mario Masi, Andrea Monorchio, Franco Mosconi, Alessandro Ovi, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Vincenzo Paglia, Letizia Paoli, Arnaldo Pomodoro, Romano Prodi, Costanzo Ranci, Mario Sarcinelli, Giovanni Sartori, Luigi Federico Signorini, Stefano Silvestri, Guido Venturoni, Luciano Violante, Giuseppe Vita, Rodolfo Zich frontmatter sp2001.p65 7 06/06/2001, 10:40 AM Preface V Preface to the Issues “Italy: Resilient and Vulnerable” ÆDALUS, THE JOURNAL of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, has very rarely published two issues si- Dmultaneously, never on a single country. For reasons that are not always obvious, mass-media representations of Italy are often rendered in terms that seem incongruous to those who live there permanently. To put the matter concisely, Italy is certainly less disaster-prone and indeed less unstable than many who observe it from a distance imagine. Given the almost dizzying succession of short-lived Italian governments over the last half century—interpreted by many as irrefutable evidence of the country’s disorder—Italy’s essential stability is very rarely looked for or acknowledged. While all foreign observers recog- nize the remarkable economic strides Italy has made in recent decades, too few ask how this has proved possible if the country is indeed so chaotic. Given all that has happened to change Italy in recent decades, making it a nation fundamentally differ- ent from what it was in the immediate post–World War II period or indeed as late as 1989, a critical inquiry into Italy’s present condition, taking account of its accomplishments as well as its problems, can only prove useful to those in the V Preface sp2001.p65 5 06/06/2001, 10:42 AM VI Dædalus European Union, the United States, and elsewhere who, even when prepared to acknowledge Italy’s role in the world today, know too little about the society, incontestably modern yet still in many ways distinctive. The title of these two Dædalus issues, “Italy: Resilient and Vulnerable,” is intended to convey a specific message: it sug- gests the extraordinary vitality of contemporary Italy—its abil- ity to accept change, to reform and renew itself—while at the same time indicating that this is not a sanguine nation, resting on its laurels, unaware of dangers that lurk, however different they may be from those common before 1989, a time when the Soviet Union existed and the Italian Communist Party was the largest in the democratic West. Each of these Dædalus issues bears a different subtitle; the first, “The European Challenge,” explores the extraordinary importance of the European Union and its predecessors in contributing to the creation of a modern and democratic Italy; the second, “Politics and Society,” is concerned with how the nation has been transformed in recent decades so that it barely resembles the one created by the founders of the Republic after the end of World War II. If some still choose to think of Italy as a vast open-air mu- seum—scarcely realizing that it is only cities like Venice that qualify as such, that Milan, Bologna, Rome, Florence, and Naples, not to speak of a hundred other less-celebrated cities, are today vital industrial centers seeking to thrive in the world’s now global economy—they ignore what has made Italy a mod- ern society. This is not a nation living in the past, believing that some earlier periods need to be recalled as memorable and that the present can only be seen as a falling away from previous greatness. Indeed, what makes the country interesting, and perhaps bewildering, is its capacity to meld the contemporary with the traditional, to see itself as European, distinctively so, never to be mistaken for being a clone of its more prosperous neighbors, France and Germany. We are fortunate to be able to open these Dædalus issues with an introduction by the President of Italy, Carlo Azeglio Ciampi.