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Senegal Yaajeende Baseline Study of the Kolda Region: a Formative Evaluation

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Senegal Yaajeende Baseline Study of the Kolda Region: a Formative Evaluation Senegal Yaajeende Baseline Study of the Kolda Region: A Formative Evaluation January 25, 2017 This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared independently by International Development Group LLC (IDG). Kolda Baseline Study Learning, Evaluation and Analysis Project-II (LEAP-II) Senegal Yaajeende Baseline Study of the Kolda Region: A Formative Evaluation Final Report Contract Number: AID-OAA-I-12-00042/AID-OAA-TO-14-00046 DISCLAIMER The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of IDG and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Kolda Baseline Study TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 4 1. Project Background ............................................................................................................. 11 1.1 Overview of the Yaajeende Program .......................................................................... 11 1.2 Yaajeende Activities .................................................................................................... 12 1.3 Yaajeende Activities in Kolda ...................................................................................... 17 1.4 Population of Kolda ..................................................................................................... 20 2. Purpose of the Kolda Baseline StudY .................................................................................. 22 2.1 Indicators ........................................................................................................................... 23 3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 27 3.1 Household Survey ....................................................................................................... 27 3.2 Qualitative Research ................................................................................................... 38 4. Limitations of the Baseline Study ......................................................................................... 43 5. Findings of the survey .......................................................................................................... 45 5.1 Profile of the Households in Kolda .............................................................................. 45 5.2 Basic Indicators ........................................................................................................... 49 5.3 Study Question 1: Nutrition ......................................................................................... 49 5.4 Study Question 2: Healthy Household Practices ......................................................... 55 5.5 Further Discussion on Hygiene and Sanitation Practices ........................................... 61 5.6 Study Question 3: Agricultural Practices and Production ............................................ 62 5.7 Further Discussions on Land Preparation and Access, Agricultural Inputs and Practices .................................................................................................................................. 63 6. General Observations on Yaajeende Implementation in the Kolda Region ......................... 75 7. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 77 7.1 Conclusion for Study Question 1: Nutrition ................................................................. 77 7.2 Conclusion for Study Question 2: Healthy Household Practices ................................. 78 7.3 Conclusion for Study Question 3: Agricultural Practices and Production .................... 79 8. Recommendations ............................................................................................................... 80 Annex I: Abridged Results Framework ....................................................................................... 81 Annex II: Correspondence of Indicators with PMP ..................................................................... 82 Annex III: USAID/Yaajeende Program – Kolda Baseline Scope of Work ................................... 84 Annex IV: Kolda Baseline Survey Questionnaire ........................................................................ 88 Kolda Baseline Study ACRONYMS BCC Behavior Change Communication CAPI Computer- based Personal Interviewing CBSP Community-based Service Provider (Agents de Prestation de Service or APS) CNV Community Nutrition Volunteers (Volontaire de Nutrition Communautaire or VNC) DEFF Design Effect FGD Focus Group Discussion FTF Feed the Future GOS Government of Senegal GTC Citizen Work Groups (Groupes de Travail Citoyen or GTC) HH Households IEC Information, Education, and Communication KII Key Informant Interview LSC Local Steering Committee (Comités Locaux de Pilotage or CLP) MDES Minimum Detectable Effect Size MIE Midterm Impact Evaluation NEP Nutrition Enhancement Program NLA Nutrition Led Agriculture PG Producer Groups PG Producer Organization PMP Performance Monitoring Plan PNDL Programme national de développement local POs Producer Organizations PPS Probability Proportional to Size PSU Primary Sampling Unit WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ZOI Zone of Influence Kolda Baseline Study EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background. Food insecurity continues to be a serious problem throughout Senegal and the West African region, leaving large segments of the population vulnerable to famine and hunger. USAID/Senegal is working with the Government of Senegal to promote greater agricultural productivity and improve regional food security. The goal of the Yaajeende Agricultural Development Program, commonly known as Yaajeende, is to accelerate the participation of the very poor in rural economic growth and to improve their nutritional status. This Program falls under the Feed the Future Initiative (FTF) which was designed based on the four Intermediate Results (IR) of the USAID Economic Growth Results Framework (see Annex 1)1: IR 1 Inclusive Agriculture Sector Growth; IR 2 Increased Trade; IR 3 Improved Nutritional Status, especially of women and children; and IR 4 Improved Management of Natural Resources. Purpose. This baseline study in Kolda was conducted in preparation for an impact evaluation of the USAID/Yaajeende in Senegal. The program has been implemented in the regions of Matam, Bakel, and Kedougou since 2011, and started in Kolda in April 2014. Because this baseline study was conducted fifteen months after the start of USAID/Yaajeende implementation in Kolda (data were collected November 2015 through January 2016), the study’s objectives are to: 1. Establish baseline values of 16 key target indicators defined in the USAID/Yaajeende performance monitoring plan (PMP), 2. Provide supporting information on dynamics around household revenues, income, and adoption of key behaviors thought to impact nutritional status, 3. Provide a description of what is happening in the field among the intervention villages where USAID/Yaajeende has started its activities, 4. Identify if USAID/Yaajeende communities are already witnessing change and how they perceive this change happening; and 5. Make recommendations to enhance the project’s implementation and performance in Kolda. Methodology. The Kolda baseline study uses a mixed-method approach involving a non- experimental quantitative strategy and qualitative techniques. To collect quantitative data, the Kolda baseline study utilizes a household survey to collect information from a randomly selected sample of households in comparison and intervention areas defined by Yaajeende. The survey is specifically designed to establish the values of the 16 basic indicators listed in the Scope of Work for the assignment. To collect qualitative data, the Kolda baseline study utilizes key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with stakeholders in intervention areas only. Sixteen basic indicators have been calculated using the survey data. They are reported for the intervention and control areas and by several demographic variables to provide a profile of the 1 USAID/Yaajeende Performance Monitoring Plan (PMP) Revised: December 6, 2013 Page 4 Kolda Baseline Study population of Kolda. These demographic variables are disaggregated by gender whenever possible. Information on farming activities and practices was also analyzed to describe the agricultural activities in Kolda. The results of the qualitative research are triangulated with the results of the quantitative survey. Summary of Key Findings. The baseline key findings are related to the following areas: (1) Population Characteristics, (2) Study Question 1: Nutrition, (3) Study Question 2: Healthy Household Practices, and (4) Study Question 3: Agricultural Practices and Production. 1) Population Characteristics Summary: The household survey shows that the average household size in the Kolda region is 13.8 among intervention groups and 13 in control groups. The average number of women aged 15 to 49 was 3 in intervention areas and 2.7 in control areas. Overall, respondents indicated having about 3 children less than 5 years old in their household (2.7 in intervention households and 2.5 in control). Most households in both intervention and control areas are headed by men (about 95 percent). 2) Study Question 1: Nutrition Table 1: Nutrition Indicators
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